可以開始進(jìn)行備考啦，迎戰(zhàn)考試，奮斗是我們此刻的選擇，相信所有的努力都會(huì)被歲月溫柔以待！整理了“2020年上半年英語六級閱讀精煉3篇”，歡迎閱讀參考！更多相關(guān)訊息請關(guān)注！
【篇一】2020年上半年英語六級閱讀精煉3篇
In the United States, where“ casualness”is considered a great virtue, people often sit with feet on chairs or even desks. They sometimes sit with their backsides ( buttocks) on tables and desks as a way of expressing their individuality or career attitude. They feel comfortable crossing their legs and sitting with one ankle on the other knee . Poor posture — slumping oneself over while sitting in a chair and placing feet on whatever object is around — is a common U. S. behavior. It is designed to show that the person is casual, honest, sincere, and“ just one of the folks ”. In the United States, even millionaires, corporation presidents, government leaders, and movie stars try to pretend they are ordinary people by using“the U. S. slouch ”and“ the feet-on-the -furniture”maneuver.
Unfortunately, other countries interpret this behavior as being sloppy and as reflecting a general lack of alertness, interest, and respect. People from the United States do not usually realize that what they regard as casualness is viewed very differently and very negatively by many people around the world.
People in many cultures are expected to sit erect. Such cultures include many countriesin Latin America, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. In the United States, slouching is acceptable and is a positive sign of being casual and friendly. In the United States, crossing legs is a sign of good etiquette . Many cultures say thatcrossing legs is okay, but placing the ankle on the knee while crossing one’s legs is totally unacceptable .
One reason for not putting the ankle on the knee is that when you do so, one foot or the sole of the shoe is usually pointing at someone . This is a very severe insult in many countries around the world, especially Muslim countries. Under few circumstances should you point your foot at anyone , because the foot is cons idered the least sacred part of the body in many societies. In some countries such as Nepal, pointing the foot at a cow is an outrage , because the cow is a sacred animal. In Buddhist countries, pointing the foot at statue of the Buddha is a severe offense. Moving objects with the feet is very rude in Thailand, Nepal, and Taiwan. In Bangladesh, you should not touch books with a foot or shoe; if you do, you must make an elaborate apology.
As you can tell, posture is a very strong messenger. It conveys much about a particu lar person. Posture ( in many cultures) says something about the person’s honesty, alertness, intelligence, religiousness, respect, and overall decency — or the opposite of all of these ! Posture tells people whether they want to get to know a stranger, and it also tells what to think about the people already known.
閱讀自測
Translate the sentences into English with the words in parentheses :
1. 這座紀(jì)念碑是為內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中犧牲的烈士們而建立的。( erect)
2. 我希望他不會(huì)因?yàn)槲揖芙^他的邀請而覺得受到了侮辱。( insult)
3. 他把我的沉默看作是軟弱的標(biāo)志。( interpret)
參考答案
1. This monument was erected in honour of the martyrs during the civil war.
2. I hope he won’t feel insulted if I turn down his invitation.
3. He interpreted my silence as a sign of weakness.
參考譯文
身體姿勢會(huì)說話
在 美國, 人們坐著的時(shí)候常常把雙腳放在椅子甚至桌子上, 在那里“ 不拘小節(jié)”被認(rèn)為是一種優(yōu)良品德。有時(shí), 他們坐在工作臺(tái)或辦公桌上, 以此來表達(dá)自己的個(gè)性或職業(yè)態(tài)度。美國人坐著的時(shí)候常會(huì)兩腿交叉, 他們覺得將一只腳踝放到另一條腿的膝蓋上很舒服。懶散地坐在椅子上, 并將雙腳隨便擱在近旁的一個(gè)東西上——— 這種姿勢很不雅觀, 但在美國相當(dāng)普遍。人們擺出這種姿勢旨在表明自己的隨意、誠實(shí)和真誠, 告訴別人自己是“ 一個(gè)實(shí)在人”。在美國, 即使是百萬富翁、公司總裁、政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及電影明星都會(huì)做出“ 美國式的懶散樣子”和“ 腳放在家具上”的姿勢, 借這種方式來表現(xiàn)自己也是一個(gè)普通人。不幸的是, 在其他國家里, 這種行為方式被視為邋遢隨便, 反映了擺出這種姿勢的人缺乏活力、興趣以及對他人的尊敬。美國人往往意識(shí)不到, 他們視為不拘小節(jié)的姿勢在世界上許多人的眼里卻具有截然不同的、甚至十分消極的意義。許多文化認(rèn)為人坐著的時(shí)候要腰板挺直。持有這種觀點(diǎn)的國家包括拉丁美洲、亞洲、歐洲和中東的許多國家; 而在美國, 懶散的姿勢是可以接受的, 是隨意和友好的明確標(biāo)志。在美國, 交叉雙腿是有禮貌的標(biāo)志, 而許多文化認(rèn)為, 交叉雙腿是可以的, 但在交叉雙腿的時(shí)候?qū)⒛_踝放到膝蓋上是令人無法接受的。不能將腳踝放到膝蓋上的一個(gè)原因是, 當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候, 你的腳或鞋底通常是指向別人的。在許多國家里, 這種行為被視為是對別人的一種極大的侮辱, 特別在穆斯林國家里更是如此。你不應(yīng)將腳指向任何人, 因?yàn)樵谠S多社會(huì)里, 腳被視為身體中最不神圣的一個(gè) 部位。在尼泊爾這樣的國家里, 將腳指向一頭牛是一種暴行, 因?yàn)榕Ｔ谀抢锉灰暈槭ノ铩?BR> 在佛教國家里, 將腳指向佛祖的塑像是對佛教的極大冒犯。在泰國、尼泊爾和臺(tái)灣, 用腳移動(dòng)物體是粗魯?shù)男袨?。在孟加拉? 你不能用腳或鞋接觸書籍。如果這樣做了, 你必須要認(rèn)真道歉。
如你所知, 身體姿勢能傳播很多信息。在許多文化里, 姿勢可以告訴人們一個(gè)人具有以下品質(zhì)——— 誠實(shí)、機(jī)敏、聰明、信奉宗教、彬彬有禮、大方得體; 姿勢也可能讓人們知道這個(gè)人根本不具備這些美德! 身體姿勢告訴人們一個(gè)人是否想跟陌生人交往, 同樣也讓人們了解了一個(gè)已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)的人。
閱讀導(dǎo)評
中國人講究體態(tài)之美, 對身體姿勢的要求是“ 行如風(fēng), 立如松, 坐如鐘, 臥如弓”; 而某些西方人對姿勢就沒有這么高的要求, 但我們不能因此而貶抑對方, 因?yàn)樯眢w姿勢只不過是個(gè)人情感或情緒的表露, 或反映了這個(gè)人的文化、民族性、甚至宗教信仰。在全球化這個(gè)大環(huán)境下, 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)具有包容和理解的心態(tài)。
閱讀導(dǎo)釋
1. 該短語譯為“一個(gè)實(shí)在人”。它源自短語just folks ( 樸實(shí)無華的人們, 老實(shí)人) 。
2. 許多文化認(rèn)為人坐著的時(shí)候要腰板挺直。erect a. 直立的, 筆直的。erect 也可以作動(dòng)詞用, 意為“ 豎起, 直立”, 如: erect a tent ( 支起一個(gè)帳篷) 。
3. 將腳指向一頭牛是一種暴行。同印度人一樣, 信奉印度教( Hinduism) 的尼泊爾人尊牛為圣, 虔誠地相信母牛( cow) 是神的化身, 稱其為“ 圣?！? sacred cow) 。牛還是尼泊爾法定的“國獸”。印度教教規(guī)規(guī)定, 不得宰殺母牛, 禁食牛肉, 即使是老弱病殘的牛, 也要讓它們“安享晚年”。印度每年還要舉行一次盛大的“ 敬牛節(jié)”, 來表示對牛的珍愛和崇拜。
【篇二】2020年上半年英語六級閱讀精煉3篇
the degree to which a bowing or lowering of the body is emphasized varies from one culture to another . in many cultures today the full bow or other dramatic lowering of the body is generally reserved for formal occasions such as greeting a head of state or monarch. for example, british commoners standing before the queen or being honored by royalty in a ceremony of knighthood would be expected to bow, curtsey, or kneel. as part of their religious practices some christians kneel, catholics genuflect, and muslims kowtow3 , an extreme form of body lowering in which the forehead is brought to the ground. although bowing, as a worldwide phenomenon, has been on the decrease in recent decades, it has survived in german culture and exists to an even greater degree in modern japan, where bows are an integral part of everyday social interaction . in the united states, however, bowing or any type of submissive body posture is particularly irritating, for it tends to connote undue formality, aristocracy, and a nonverbal denial of egalitarianism. nowhere is bowing more important to the process of communication today than in japanese society. as an indication of how pervasive bowing is in present-day japan, some experts point out that“ some female department store employees have the sole function of bowing to customers at department store escalators and that many japanese bow repeatedly to invisible partners at the other end of a telephone line”. bowing initiates interaction between two japanese , it enhances and embellishes many parts of the ensuing conversation, and it is used to signal the end of a conversation. although westerners, in a very general sense, understand the meaning attached to bowing, appropriate bowing in japan is an intricate and complex process. reciprocal bowing is determined largely by rank. in fact, it is possible to tell the relative social status of the two communicators by the depth of their bows ( the deeper the bow, the lower the status) . when bowing deeply, it is conventional to lean slightly to the right to avoid bumping heads. the person of lower status is expected to initiate the bow, and the person of higher status determines when the bow is completed. people of equivalent status are expected to bow at the same depth while starting and finishing at the same time .
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. are these statements true or false a ccording to the article ?
1. nowadays the full bow or other dramatic lowering of the body is still widely acceptedaround the world.
2. bowing is prevalent in japan while the situation is quite different in america.
3. it is customary to lean slightly to the left to avoid bumping heads when bowing deeply.
Ⅱ. complete the sentence s with the proper forms of the words given in parentheses :
1. there is a __________( tend) that more and more people will move from cities to the countryside.
2. he __________( repeat) fails to pass the exam.
3. a spirit of hopelessness__________ ( pervasive ) the country.
4. he is such a chauvinist that he expects his wife to be meek and __________( submit).
5. the government has__________ ( initial) a new house-building program.
參考答案
Ⅰ. 1. f 2. t 3 . f
Ⅱ. 1. tendency 2. repeatedly 3 . pervaded 4 . submissive 5. initiated
參考譯文
鞠躬的藝術(shù)
文化不同, 鞠躬或彎腰的角度也大不相同。在今天的許多文化里, 深深鞠一躬或大幅度彎腰通常只有在正式場合中才會(huì)出現(xiàn), 比如向國家元首或君主致意。舉例來說, 英國平民站在女王面前或被王室加封為爵士時(shí)應(yīng)該鞠躬, 或行屈膝禮, 抑或屈膝下跪。在一些宗教儀式里, 基 督教徒會(huì)下跪, 天主教徒會(huì)行屈膝禮, 而穆斯林則會(huì)跪拜叩頭, 即將身體彎曲到極限, 直到前額貼地為止。作為一種世界性的文化現(xiàn)象, 近幾十年使用鞠躬這種禮節(jié)的人卻越來越少, 但鞠躬卻在德國文化中保存下來, 在現(xiàn)代日本社會(huì)更是大為盛行, 在那里鞠躬已成為日常社會(huì)交往不可缺少的一部分。然而, 在美國, 鞠躬或任何一種謙恭的身體姿勢都讓美國人極其反感, 因?yàn)檫@些舉動(dòng)往往意味著不必要的繁文縟節(jié)、貴族習(xí)氣, 以及對平等主義的一種非語言性否定。當(dāng)今, 沒有哪一個(gè)社會(huì)像日本社會(huì)一樣, 鞠躬在人際交往過程中如此重要。為了顯示鞠躬在當(dāng)今日本社會(huì)根深蒂固的程度, 一些專家指出,“ 在日本百貨商店里, 一些女雇員的工作就是在商店的自動(dòng)扶梯邊向顧客鞠躬, 而且有許多日本人會(huì)向電話線另一端看不見的人 不停地鞠躬?！本瞎莾蓚€(gè)日本人交往的開端, 在隨后的對話里鞠躬還起到推波助瀾和錦上添花的作用, 它還被用來暗示對話的結(jié)束。盡管西方人大致明白鞠躬所包含的意思, 但在日本, 恰到好處的鞠躬是非常復(fù)雜、很難把握的過程。互相鞠躬主要是由社會(huì)等級決定的。事實(shí)上, 我們可以通過兩個(gè)人鞠躬的幅度來判斷他們相對的社會(huì)地位( 鞠躬幅度越大,社會(huì)地位就越低) 。當(dāng)兩個(gè)人互相深鞠一躬的時(shí)候, 按照常規(guī)他們會(huì)把頭微微斜向右邊, 以避免碰到對方的腦袋。兩個(gè)人中社會(huì)地位低的那個(gè)人應(yīng)該首先開始鞠躬, 而地位高的人決定鞠躬結(jié)束的時(shí)間。地位相同的人互相鞠躬的時(shí)候, 鞠躬的幅度相同, 并且同時(shí)開始, 同時(shí)結(jié)束。
【篇三】2020年上半年英語六級閱讀精煉3篇
The palm-forward“V”sign, formed by raising and spreading the first two fingers1 ,has three different meanings in American culture.The most popular meaning of the“V”sign was invented in 1941 by a Belgian, Victor De Lavalaye. Wanting a symbol for resistance to the Nazi2 occupation, he came up with the single letter“V”, which stood not only for his own first name3, but also for English victory, Flemish virijheid, and French victoire. The symbolism of the sign spread very quickly, and Winston Churchill4 used it constantly in public appearance. Thus throughout the 1940 s and 1950 s, the gesture meant simply“victory”.The second meaning came in the 1960 s. Because of its military implication, Americanantiwar protestors used the sign sarcastically against the arms, so that it became known as the“ peace sign”. In the 1970s, the“V”sign , which had lost its military implication, was a common greeting among freedom lovers, acid heads5, political radicals, and ultimately, young people in general. So by about the middle of the 1970s, it ceased to give clue to the user’s philosophy. The third meaning is the oldest and least common. American children jokingly put “V”, which resembles“ horns”, behind friends’heads in group snapshots. The are unknowingly reproducing something that southern Europeans would find highly offensive. This mischief, called“horns of the Devil”, is a variant of the European“ horns”gesture, which is obscene. Here the“V”sign means“Your wife has been cheating on you ”or, when placed behind another’s head,“His wife has been cheating on him”. In the United States, the gesture is typically given with the palm facing the viewer. The British use both this version and an older, palm-backward version; the latter is obscene in American culture, and corresponds to the American“ finger”6 . Churchill got some surprised stares in 1941 when, evidently unaware of the vulgar usage, he gave the palm-backward“V”to British troops. In England today you could have to be a social hermit not to understand the distinction. Astonishingly, however, Margaret Thatcher7 repeated Churchill’s error after her victory in the 1979 election.
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks with proper words :
American children______________________ ( 開玩笑地) put“V”, which______________________ ( 類似)“ horns”,
behind friends’heads in group ______________________( 快照) . They are______________________ ( 無意中地) reproducing
something that southern Europeans would find highly______________________ ( 無禮的) .
This mischief, called“ horns of the Devil”, is a ______________________( 變體) of the European
“ horns”gesture, which is______________________ ( **的) .
Ⅱ. Exp lain the fo llowing phras es in bold typ e in yo ur own words :
1. If you kee p yo ur fin ge rs crossed , you ______________________.
2. If you are all fin ge rs a nd thumbs , you ______________________ .
3. If you ha ve a finger in every pie , you______________________ .
4. If you thumb a lift, you______________________.
參考答案
1. jokingly / resembles / snapshots / unknowingly / offensive / variant / obscene
2. 1. hope that something will happen the way you want2. are clumsy or awkward with your hands
3. are involved in everything that is happening
4. try to get a free ride in a motor vehicle ; hitchhike
參考譯文
手勢 “V”
掌 心向外, 豎起食指和中指, 并向兩邊展開, 這樣就構(gòu)成了一個(gè)V 形手勢。V 形手勢在美國文化中有三個(gè)不同的含義。V 形手勢最為普及的一個(gè)意思是在1941 年由比利時(shí)人維克托· 德· 拉維雷創(chuàng)造發(fā)明的。他伸出雙指, 作出字母V 的手勢來表示他對納粹占領(lǐng)比利時(shí)的反抗。這個(gè)V 不僅代表他的名字, 而且還象征英語victory ( 勝利) 、佛蘭芒語virijheid ( 勝利) 和法語victoire ( 勝利) 這三個(gè)單詞。這一手勢的象征意義迅速地傳播開來, 溫斯頓· 邱吉爾在公眾場合就曾多次使用。因此, 在20 世紀(jì)40 年代和50 年代, 這個(gè)手勢只是表示“ 勝利”的意思。V 形手勢的第二個(gè)意思出現(xiàn)在20 世紀(jì)60 年代。由于這個(gè)手勢含有軍事方面的意思,美國反戰(zhàn)者就諷刺性地用這個(gè)手勢來反對戰(zhàn)爭, 于是, 這個(gè)手勢開始被稱為“ 和平的標(biāo)志”。20 世紀(jì)70 年代, V 形手勢失去了軍事方面的含義, 成為熱愛自由的人、嗜用迷幻 藥的人、政治激進(jìn)主義者們見面問候時(shí)常用的手勢, 并最終在廣大年輕人流傳開來。也就是說, 大約到20 世紀(jì)70 年代中期, 這個(gè)手勢就不再表示使用者的人生觀了。V 形手勢的第三個(gè)意思最為古老, 也少為人用。在集體照相的時(shí)候, 美國孩子常開玩。笑 地在朋友的腦袋后面擺出手勢V, 樣子就像動(dòng)物的角一樣。他們無意中做出了一個(gè)被南歐人視為相當(dāng)無禮的動(dòng)作。這種被稱作“ 魔鬼之角”的惡作劇是歐洲“ 角形”手勢的變體,這種手勢被認(rèn)為具有**的意味。在南歐, 手勢V 表示“ 你的老婆對你不忠”。在別人腦袋后面做出這種手勢, 如同在說“ 他的老婆對他不忠”。
在美國, 人們通常將掌心向外, 面向?qū)Ψ阶龀鲞@個(gè)手勢; 而英國人有時(shí)將掌心對著別人, 有時(shí)則像前人那樣, 掌心向內(nèi)。掌心向內(nèi)的V 形手勢在美國文化里被看成是下流動(dòng)作, 與美國人豎起中指一樣具有**的含義。1941 年, 邱吉爾掌心朝內(nèi), 向英國 軍隊(duì)擺出了V 形手勢。一些士兵吃驚地盯著他看, 顯然他對這個(gè)手勢的下流含義還全然不知。如今, 在英國, 如果你還不知道掌心向內(nèi)和向外的差別的話, 你一定是個(gè)不問世事的隱士。然而, 令人驚訝的是, 瑪格麗特· 撒切爾在贏得1979 年的選舉之后, 又重蹈邱吉爾的覆轍, 做了一個(gè)掌心向內(nèi)的V 形手勢。
閱讀導(dǎo)評
現(xiàn)如今, V 形手勢已儼然成為一種流行時(shí)尚, 隨手翻開雜志, 打開電視, 就會(huì)有無數(shù)個(gè)V 形手勢直撲眼球。無論是社會(huì)名流, 還是平民百姓, 都格外青睞這個(gè)已流傳大半個(gè)世紀(jì)的V 形手勢。但是我們可不要胡亂使用, 盡管手心手背都是肉, 但是手掌一不小心反轉(zhuǎn)過來, 就會(huì)導(dǎo)致百分之一百的歧義, 結(jié)果往往事與愿違。所以現(xiàn)代人還是小心用之為好, 不要像邱吉爾和撒切爾夫人一樣, 給世人一個(gè)笑柄。
閱讀導(dǎo)釋
1. 這里指中指( middle finger) 和食指( forefinger 或index finger) 。其他三個(gè)指頭分別是小指 ( little finger, 也稱pinkie) 、無名指( ring finger) 和拇指( thumb) 。
2. Nazi adj. 納粹的。納粹是德國國家社會(huì)主義工人黨的簡稱, 成立于1919 年。該黨在*的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下, 對德國進(jìn)行了十余年的法西斯統(tǒng)治, 對鄰國發(fā)動(dòng)了大規(guī)模的軍事侵略, 并對*人實(shí)施種族滅絕政策。
3. 名, 又稱given name, 本文里指Victor。歐美人的姓是family name 或last name。有些歐美人的姓與名之間還有名, 被稱為middle name, 有的人還使用別名或化名( alias) 。
4. 溫斯頓·邱吉爾( 1874—1965) , 英國保守黨政治家、作家, 曾兩度擔(dān)任英國首相。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)英國人民對德作戰(zhàn), 為爭取世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭的勝利做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。他著有《二戰(zhàn)回憶錄》( Memoirs of the Second World War) 、《英語民族史》( A History of the English Speaking Peoples) 等書, 于1953 年獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。邱吉爾晚年醉心于繪畫, 并于1948 年當(dāng)選為英國皇家藝術(shù)院特別會(huì)員。
5. 嗜用迷幻 藥者。在美國俚語中, acid 指“ 迷幻 藥”, head 則有“ 麻醉 藥品吸食者”的意思。
6. 與美國人豎起中指一樣具有**的含義。該句中的finger 指的是中指, 美國俚語里有g(shù)ive sb. the finger 這個(gè)短語, 意為“向某人伸出中指”, 有“ 侮辱別人或**”的意思, 而掌心向內(nèi)的V 形手勢在美國文化里有著跟“伸出中指”相似的含義。
7. 瑪格麗特·撒切爾, 1925 年生于一個(gè)小商人家庭, 1979 年首次當(dāng)選為英國首相, 直到1990 年卸任。因其政治手段強(qiáng)硬, 故被世人譽(yù)為“ 鐵娘子”。她在任時(shí)對英國的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)影響巨大, 使英國的20 世紀(jì)80 年代被稱為“ 撒切爾時(shí)代”。
【篇一】2020年上半年英語六級閱讀精煉3篇
In the United States, where“ casualness”is considered a great virtue, people often sit with feet on chairs or even desks. They sometimes sit with their backsides ( buttocks) on tables and desks as a way of expressing their individuality or career attitude. They feel comfortable crossing their legs and sitting with one ankle on the other knee . Poor posture — slumping oneself over while sitting in a chair and placing feet on whatever object is around — is a common U. S. behavior. It is designed to show that the person is casual, honest, sincere, and“ just one of the folks ”. In the United States, even millionaires, corporation presidents, government leaders, and movie stars try to pretend they are ordinary people by using“the U. S. slouch ”and“ the feet-on-the -furniture”maneuver.
Unfortunately, other countries interpret this behavior as being sloppy and as reflecting a general lack of alertness, interest, and respect. People from the United States do not usually realize that what they regard as casualness is viewed very differently and very negatively by many people around the world.
People in many cultures are expected to sit erect. Such cultures include many countriesin Latin America, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. In the United States, slouching is acceptable and is a positive sign of being casual and friendly. In the United States, crossing legs is a sign of good etiquette . Many cultures say thatcrossing legs is okay, but placing the ankle on the knee while crossing one’s legs is totally unacceptable .
One reason for not putting the ankle on the knee is that when you do so, one foot or the sole of the shoe is usually pointing at someone . This is a very severe insult in many countries around the world, especially Muslim countries. Under few circumstances should you point your foot at anyone , because the foot is cons idered the least sacred part of the body in many societies. In some countries such as Nepal, pointing the foot at a cow is an outrage , because the cow is a sacred animal. In Buddhist countries, pointing the foot at statue of the Buddha is a severe offense. Moving objects with the feet is very rude in Thailand, Nepal, and Taiwan. In Bangladesh, you should not touch books with a foot or shoe; if you do, you must make an elaborate apology.
As you can tell, posture is a very strong messenger. It conveys much about a particu lar person. Posture ( in many cultures) says something about the person’s honesty, alertness, intelligence, religiousness, respect, and overall decency — or the opposite of all of these ! Posture tells people whether they want to get to know a stranger, and it also tells what to think about the people already known.
閱讀自測
Translate the sentences into English with the words in parentheses :
1. 這座紀(jì)念碑是為內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中犧牲的烈士們而建立的。( erect)
2. 我希望他不會(huì)因?yàn)槲揖芙^他的邀請而覺得受到了侮辱。( insult)
3. 他把我的沉默看作是軟弱的標(biāo)志。( interpret)
參考答案
1. This monument was erected in honour of the martyrs during the civil war.
2. I hope he won’t feel insulted if I turn down his invitation.
3. He interpreted my silence as a sign of weakness.
參考譯文
身體姿勢會(huì)說話
在 美國, 人們坐著的時(shí)候常常把雙腳放在椅子甚至桌子上, 在那里“ 不拘小節(jié)”被認(rèn)為是一種優(yōu)良品德。有時(shí), 他們坐在工作臺(tái)或辦公桌上, 以此來表達(dá)自己的個(gè)性或職業(yè)態(tài)度。美國人坐著的時(shí)候常會(huì)兩腿交叉, 他們覺得將一只腳踝放到另一條腿的膝蓋上很舒服。懶散地坐在椅子上, 并將雙腳隨便擱在近旁的一個(gè)東西上——— 這種姿勢很不雅觀, 但在美國相當(dāng)普遍。人們擺出這種姿勢旨在表明自己的隨意、誠實(shí)和真誠, 告訴別人自己是“ 一個(gè)實(shí)在人”。在美國, 即使是百萬富翁、公司總裁、政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及電影明星都會(huì)做出“ 美國式的懶散樣子”和“ 腳放在家具上”的姿勢, 借這種方式來表現(xiàn)自己也是一個(gè)普通人。不幸的是, 在其他國家里, 這種行為方式被視為邋遢隨便, 反映了擺出這種姿勢的人缺乏活力、興趣以及對他人的尊敬。美國人往往意識(shí)不到, 他們視為不拘小節(jié)的姿勢在世界上許多人的眼里卻具有截然不同的、甚至十分消極的意義。許多文化認(rèn)為人坐著的時(shí)候要腰板挺直。持有這種觀點(diǎn)的國家包括拉丁美洲、亞洲、歐洲和中東的許多國家; 而在美國, 懶散的姿勢是可以接受的, 是隨意和友好的明確標(biāo)志。在美國, 交叉雙腿是有禮貌的標(biāo)志, 而許多文化認(rèn)為, 交叉雙腿是可以的, 但在交叉雙腿的時(shí)候?qū)⒛_踝放到膝蓋上是令人無法接受的。不能將腳踝放到膝蓋上的一個(gè)原因是, 當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候, 你的腳或鞋底通常是指向別人的。在許多國家里, 這種行為被視為是對別人的一種極大的侮辱, 特別在穆斯林國家里更是如此。你不應(yīng)將腳指向任何人, 因?yàn)樵谠S多社會(huì)里, 腳被視為身體中最不神圣的一個(gè) 部位。在尼泊爾這樣的國家里, 將腳指向一頭牛是一種暴行, 因?yàn)榕Ｔ谀抢锉灰暈槭ノ铩?BR> 在佛教國家里, 將腳指向佛祖的塑像是對佛教的極大冒犯。在泰國、尼泊爾和臺(tái)灣, 用腳移動(dòng)物體是粗魯?shù)男袨?。在孟加拉? 你不能用腳或鞋接觸書籍。如果這樣做了, 你必須要認(rèn)真道歉。
如你所知, 身體姿勢能傳播很多信息。在許多文化里, 姿勢可以告訴人們一個(gè)人具有以下品質(zhì)——— 誠實(shí)、機(jī)敏、聰明、信奉宗教、彬彬有禮、大方得體; 姿勢也可能讓人們知道這個(gè)人根本不具備這些美德! 身體姿勢告訴人們一個(gè)人是否想跟陌生人交往, 同樣也讓人們了解了一個(gè)已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)的人。
閱讀導(dǎo)評
中國人講究體態(tài)之美, 對身體姿勢的要求是“ 行如風(fēng), 立如松, 坐如鐘, 臥如弓”; 而某些西方人對姿勢就沒有這么高的要求, 但我們不能因此而貶抑對方, 因?yàn)樯眢w姿勢只不過是個(gè)人情感或情緒的表露, 或反映了這個(gè)人的文化、民族性、甚至宗教信仰。在全球化這個(gè)大環(huán)境下, 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)具有包容和理解的心態(tài)。
閱讀導(dǎo)釋
1. 該短語譯為“一個(gè)實(shí)在人”。它源自短語just folks ( 樸實(shí)無華的人們, 老實(shí)人) 。
2. 許多文化認(rèn)為人坐著的時(shí)候要腰板挺直。erect a. 直立的, 筆直的。erect 也可以作動(dòng)詞用, 意為“ 豎起, 直立”, 如: erect a tent ( 支起一個(gè)帳篷) 。
3. 將腳指向一頭牛是一種暴行。同印度人一樣, 信奉印度教( Hinduism) 的尼泊爾人尊牛為圣, 虔誠地相信母牛( cow) 是神的化身, 稱其為“ 圣?！? sacred cow) 。牛還是尼泊爾法定的“國獸”。印度教教規(guī)規(guī)定, 不得宰殺母牛, 禁食牛肉, 即使是老弱病殘的牛, 也要讓它們“安享晚年”。印度每年還要舉行一次盛大的“ 敬牛節(jié)”, 來表示對牛的珍愛和崇拜。
【篇二】2020年上半年英語六級閱讀精煉3篇
the degree to which a bowing or lowering of the body is emphasized varies from one culture to another . in many cultures today the full bow or other dramatic lowering of the body is generally reserved for formal occasions such as greeting a head of state or monarch. for example, british commoners standing before the queen or being honored by royalty in a ceremony of knighthood would be expected to bow, curtsey, or kneel. as part of their religious practices some christians kneel, catholics genuflect, and muslims kowtow3 , an extreme form of body lowering in which the forehead is brought to the ground. although bowing, as a worldwide phenomenon, has been on the decrease in recent decades, it has survived in german culture and exists to an even greater degree in modern japan, where bows are an integral part of everyday social interaction . in the united states, however, bowing or any type of submissive body posture is particularly irritating, for it tends to connote undue formality, aristocracy, and a nonverbal denial of egalitarianism. nowhere is bowing more important to the process of communication today than in japanese society. as an indication of how pervasive bowing is in present-day japan, some experts point out that“ some female department store employees have the sole function of bowing to customers at department store escalators and that many japanese bow repeatedly to invisible partners at the other end of a telephone line”. bowing initiates interaction between two japanese , it enhances and embellishes many parts of the ensuing conversation, and it is used to signal the end of a conversation. although westerners, in a very general sense, understand the meaning attached to bowing, appropriate bowing in japan is an intricate and complex process. reciprocal bowing is determined largely by rank. in fact, it is possible to tell the relative social status of the two communicators by the depth of their bows ( the deeper the bow, the lower the status) . when bowing deeply, it is conventional to lean slightly to the right to avoid bumping heads. the person of lower status is expected to initiate the bow, and the person of higher status determines when the bow is completed. people of equivalent status are expected to bow at the same depth while starting and finishing at the same time .
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. are these statements true or false a ccording to the article ?
1. nowadays the full bow or other dramatic lowering of the body is still widely acceptedaround the world.
2. bowing is prevalent in japan while the situation is quite different in america.
3. it is customary to lean slightly to the left to avoid bumping heads when bowing deeply.
Ⅱ. complete the sentence s with the proper forms of the words given in parentheses :
1. there is a __________( tend) that more and more people will move from cities to the countryside.
2. he __________( repeat) fails to pass the exam.
3. a spirit of hopelessness__________ ( pervasive ) the country.
4. he is such a chauvinist that he expects his wife to be meek and __________( submit).
5. the government has__________ ( initial) a new house-building program.
參考答案
Ⅰ. 1. f 2. t 3 . f
Ⅱ. 1. tendency 2. repeatedly 3 . pervaded 4 . submissive 5. initiated
參考譯文
鞠躬的藝術(shù)
文化不同, 鞠躬或彎腰的角度也大不相同。在今天的許多文化里, 深深鞠一躬或大幅度彎腰通常只有在正式場合中才會(huì)出現(xiàn), 比如向國家元首或君主致意。舉例來說, 英國平民站在女王面前或被王室加封為爵士時(shí)應(yīng)該鞠躬, 或行屈膝禮, 抑或屈膝下跪。在一些宗教儀式里, 基 督教徒會(huì)下跪, 天主教徒會(huì)行屈膝禮, 而穆斯林則會(huì)跪拜叩頭, 即將身體彎曲到極限, 直到前額貼地為止。作為一種世界性的文化現(xiàn)象, 近幾十年使用鞠躬這種禮節(jié)的人卻越來越少, 但鞠躬卻在德國文化中保存下來, 在現(xiàn)代日本社會(huì)更是大為盛行, 在那里鞠躬已成為日常社會(huì)交往不可缺少的一部分。然而, 在美國, 鞠躬或任何一種謙恭的身體姿勢都讓美國人極其反感, 因?yàn)檫@些舉動(dòng)往往意味著不必要的繁文縟節(jié)、貴族習(xí)氣, 以及對平等主義的一種非語言性否定。當(dāng)今, 沒有哪一個(gè)社會(huì)像日本社會(huì)一樣, 鞠躬在人際交往過程中如此重要。為了顯示鞠躬在當(dāng)今日本社會(huì)根深蒂固的程度, 一些專家指出,“ 在日本百貨商店里, 一些女雇員的工作就是在商店的自動(dòng)扶梯邊向顧客鞠躬, 而且有許多日本人會(huì)向電話線另一端看不見的人 不停地鞠躬?！本瞎莾蓚€(gè)日本人交往的開端, 在隨后的對話里鞠躬還起到推波助瀾和錦上添花的作用, 它還被用來暗示對話的結(jié)束。盡管西方人大致明白鞠躬所包含的意思, 但在日本, 恰到好處的鞠躬是非常復(fù)雜、很難把握的過程。互相鞠躬主要是由社會(huì)等級決定的。事實(shí)上, 我們可以通過兩個(gè)人鞠躬的幅度來判斷他們相對的社會(huì)地位( 鞠躬幅度越大,社會(huì)地位就越低) 。當(dāng)兩個(gè)人互相深鞠一躬的時(shí)候, 按照常規(guī)他們會(huì)把頭微微斜向右邊, 以避免碰到對方的腦袋。兩個(gè)人中社會(huì)地位低的那個(gè)人應(yīng)該首先開始鞠躬, 而地位高的人決定鞠躬結(jié)束的時(shí)間。地位相同的人互相鞠躬的時(shí)候, 鞠躬的幅度相同, 并且同時(shí)開始, 同時(shí)結(jié)束。
【篇三】2020年上半年英語六級閱讀精煉3篇
The palm-forward“V”sign, formed by raising and spreading the first two fingers1 ,has three different meanings in American culture.The most popular meaning of the“V”sign was invented in 1941 by a Belgian, Victor De Lavalaye. Wanting a symbol for resistance to the Nazi2 occupation, he came up with the single letter“V”, which stood not only for his own first name3, but also for English victory, Flemish virijheid, and French victoire. The symbolism of the sign spread very quickly, and Winston Churchill4 used it constantly in public appearance. Thus throughout the 1940 s and 1950 s, the gesture meant simply“victory”.The second meaning came in the 1960 s. Because of its military implication, Americanantiwar protestors used the sign sarcastically against the arms, so that it became known as the“ peace sign”. In the 1970s, the“V”sign , which had lost its military implication, was a common greeting among freedom lovers, acid heads5, political radicals, and ultimately, young people in general. So by about the middle of the 1970s, it ceased to give clue to the user’s philosophy. The third meaning is the oldest and least common. American children jokingly put “V”, which resembles“ horns”, behind friends’heads in group snapshots. The are unknowingly reproducing something that southern Europeans would find highly offensive. This mischief, called“horns of the Devil”, is a variant of the European“ horns”gesture, which is obscene. Here the“V”sign means“Your wife has been cheating on you ”or, when placed behind another’s head,“His wife has been cheating on him”. In the United States, the gesture is typically given with the palm facing the viewer. The British use both this version and an older, palm-backward version; the latter is obscene in American culture, and corresponds to the American“ finger”6 . Churchill got some surprised stares in 1941 when, evidently unaware of the vulgar usage, he gave the palm-backward“V”to British troops. In England today you could have to be a social hermit not to understand the distinction. Astonishingly, however, Margaret Thatcher7 repeated Churchill’s error after her victory in the 1979 election.
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks with proper words :
American children______________________ ( 開玩笑地) put“V”, which______________________ ( 類似)“ horns”,
behind friends’heads in group ______________________( 快照) . They are______________________ ( 無意中地) reproducing
something that southern Europeans would find highly______________________ ( 無禮的) .
This mischief, called“ horns of the Devil”, is a ______________________( 變體) of the European
“ horns”gesture, which is______________________ ( **的) .
Ⅱ. Exp lain the fo llowing phras es in bold typ e in yo ur own words :
1. If you kee p yo ur fin ge rs crossed , you ______________________.
2. If you are all fin ge rs a nd thumbs , you ______________________ .
3. If you ha ve a finger in every pie , you______________________ .
4. If you thumb a lift, you______________________.
參考答案
1. jokingly / resembles / snapshots / unknowingly / offensive / variant / obscene
2. 1. hope that something will happen the way you want2. are clumsy or awkward with your hands
3. are involved in everything that is happening
4. try to get a free ride in a motor vehicle ; hitchhike
參考譯文
手勢 “V”
掌 心向外, 豎起食指和中指, 并向兩邊展開, 這樣就構(gòu)成了一個(gè)V 形手勢。V 形手勢在美國文化中有三個(gè)不同的含義。V 形手勢最為普及的一個(gè)意思是在1941 年由比利時(shí)人維克托· 德· 拉維雷創(chuàng)造發(fā)明的。他伸出雙指, 作出字母V 的手勢來表示他對納粹占領(lǐng)比利時(shí)的反抗。這個(gè)V 不僅代表他的名字, 而且還象征英語victory ( 勝利) 、佛蘭芒語virijheid ( 勝利) 和法語victoire ( 勝利) 這三個(gè)單詞。這一手勢的象征意義迅速地傳播開來, 溫斯頓· 邱吉爾在公眾場合就曾多次使用。因此, 在20 世紀(jì)40 年代和50 年代, 這個(gè)手勢只是表示“ 勝利”的意思。V 形手勢的第二個(gè)意思出現(xiàn)在20 世紀(jì)60 年代。由于這個(gè)手勢含有軍事方面的意思,美國反戰(zhàn)者就諷刺性地用這個(gè)手勢來反對戰(zhàn)爭, 于是, 這個(gè)手勢開始被稱為“ 和平的標(biāo)志”。20 世紀(jì)70 年代, V 形手勢失去了軍事方面的含義, 成為熱愛自由的人、嗜用迷幻 藥的人、政治激進(jìn)主義者們見面問候時(shí)常用的手勢, 并最終在廣大年輕人流傳開來。也就是說, 大約到20 世紀(jì)70 年代中期, 這個(gè)手勢就不再表示使用者的人生觀了。V 形手勢的第三個(gè)意思最為古老, 也少為人用。在集體照相的時(shí)候, 美國孩子常開玩。笑 地在朋友的腦袋后面擺出手勢V, 樣子就像動(dòng)物的角一樣。他們無意中做出了一個(gè)被南歐人視為相當(dāng)無禮的動(dòng)作。這種被稱作“ 魔鬼之角”的惡作劇是歐洲“ 角形”手勢的變體,這種手勢被認(rèn)為具有**的意味。在南歐, 手勢V 表示“ 你的老婆對你不忠”。在別人腦袋后面做出這種手勢, 如同在說“ 他的老婆對他不忠”。
在美國, 人們通常將掌心向外, 面向?qū)Ψ阶龀鲞@個(gè)手勢; 而英國人有時(shí)將掌心對著別人, 有時(shí)則像前人那樣, 掌心向內(nèi)。掌心向內(nèi)的V 形手勢在美國文化里被看成是下流動(dòng)作, 與美國人豎起中指一樣具有**的含義。1941 年, 邱吉爾掌心朝內(nèi), 向英國 軍隊(duì)擺出了V 形手勢。一些士兵吃驚地盯著他看, 顯然他對這個(gè)手勢的下流含義還全然不知。如今, 在英國, 如果你還不知道掌心向內(nèi)和向外的差別的話, 你一定是個(gè)不問世事的隱士。然而, 令人驚訝的是, 瑪格麗特· 撒切爾在贏得1979 年的選舉之后, 又重蹈邱吉爾的覆轍, 做了一個(gè)掌心向內(nèi)的V 形手勢。
閱讀導(dǎo)評
現(xiàn)如今, V 形手勢已儼然成為一種流行時(shí)尚, 隨手翻開雜志, 打開電視, 就會(huì)有無數(shù)個(gè)V 形手勢直撲眼球。無論是社會(huì)名流, 還是平民百姓, 都格外青睞這個(gè)已流傳大半個(gè)世紀(jì)的V 形手勢。但是我們可不要胡亂使用, 盡管手心手背都是肉, 但是手掌一不小心反轉(zhuǎn)過來, 就會(huì)導(dǎo)致百分之一百的歧義, 結(jié)果往往事與愿違。所以現(xiàn)代人還是小心用之為好, 不要像邱吉爾和撒切爾夫人一樣, 給世人一個(gè)笑柄。
閱讀導(dǎo)釋
1. 這里指中指( middle finger) 和食指( forefinger 或index finger) 。其他三個(gè)指頭分別是小指 ( little finger, 也稱pinkie) 、無名指( ring finger) 和拇指( thumb) 。
2. Nazi adj. 納粹的。納粹是德國國家社會(huì)主義工人黨的簡稱, 成立于1919 年。該黨在*的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下, 對德國進(jìn)行了十余年的法西斯統(tǒng)治, 對鄰國發(fā)動(dòng)了大規(guī)模的軍事侵略, 并對*人實(shí)施種族滅絕政策。
3. 名, 又稱given name, 本文里指Victor。歐美人的姓是family name 或last name。有些歐美人的姓與名之間還有名, 被稱為middle name, 有的人還使用別名或化名( alias) 。
4. 溫斯頓·邱吉爾( 1874—1965) , 英國保守黨政治家、作家, 曾兩度擔(dān)任英國首相。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)英國人民對德作戰(zhàn), 為爭取世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭的勝利做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。他著有《二戰(zhàn)回憶錄》( Memoirs of the Second World War) 、《英語民族史》( A History of the English Speaking Peoples) 等書, 于1953 年獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。邱吉爾晚年醉心于繪畫, 并于1948 年當(dāng)選為英國皇家藝術(shù)院特別會(huì)員。
5. 嗜用迷幻 藥者。在美國俚語中, acid 指“ 迷幻 藥”, head 則有“ 麻醉 藥品吸食者”的意思。
6. 與美國人豎起中指一樣具有**的含義。該句中的finger 指的是中指, 美國俚語里有g(shù)ive sb. the finger 這個(gè)短語, 意為“向某人伸出中指”, 有“ 侮辱別人或**”的意思, 而掌心向內(nèi)的V 形手勢在美國文化里有著跟“伸出中指”相似的含義。
7. 瑪格麗特·撒切爾, 1925 年生于一個(gè)小商人家庭, 1979 年首次當(dāng)選為英國首相, 直到1990 年卸任。因其政治手段強(qiáng)硬, 故被世人譽(yù)為“ 鐵娘子”。她在任時(shí)對英國的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)影響巨大, 使英國的20 世紀(jì)80 年代被稱為“ 撒切爾時(shí)代”。