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【篇一】2020年上半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：So do I
兩人對(duì)話，乙方對(duì)甲方的問(wèn)話常可用簡(jiǎn)短回答作出 反應(yīng)。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.這同樣適用于陳述句的場(chǎng)合： You worry too much.-- No，I don‘t.在后一種情況下，乙方也能"So+do+主語(yǔ)"之類(lèi) 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示看法。
例如甲方說(shuō)"我喜歡蘋(píng)果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜歡蘋(píng)果"，英語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)：
A：I like apples.
B：So do I.(= I like apples，too。)
這里的so在意義上相當(dāng)于in the same way，即同樣、 也那樣，作簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)表示同樣看法時(shí)常用之。
就諸如此類(lèi)的四種結(jié)構(gòu)略作介紹。
1."So+do+主語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu) 在簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)中表示"我也如此"或"另外一個(gè)人也 如此"時(shí)，也就是主語(yǔ)不同于上文的主語(yǔ)以及上 文并無(wú)可用于構(gòu)成倒裝的動(dòng)詞(即操作詞時(shí))， 可用此結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于構(gòu)成倒裝的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則用相同 的動(dòng)詞或根據(jù)不同人稱(chēng)用同類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French.--So can I. I‘ve got a new car.--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
2."Neither/Nor + do + 主語(yǔ)" 結(jié)構(gòu) 如果上文表示否定意義而在簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)中表示同樣 看法時(shí)，可用此結(jié)構(gòu)。例如，甲方說(shuō)I can‘t swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不會(huì)游泳"，英語(yǔ)可以說(shuō) Neither can I. / Nor can I(=I can‘t either)。
又例如： A：He doesn‘t speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 關(guān)于以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，有兩點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：
第一，能用動(dòng)詞縮略形式。例如： I‘m going to London. ---So‘s John。(is) I‘ve been to New York. ---So‘s John.(has) I‘d have gone to Tokyo if I could.---So‘d John.(would) John hasn‘t got a visa. ---Nor‘ve do I.(have) Jim and Mary aren‘t acting in the college play. ---Neither‘s Peter.(is)
第二，上述甲乙對(duì)話如用and連成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can‘t I. John can‘t speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn‘t speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜體部分相當(dāng)于and I can, too / and I can‘t either / and I do too / and I don‘t either 的意思。
3."So+主語(yǔ)+do"結(jié)構(gòu) 在簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)中，對(duì)別人所說(shuō)的情況加以肯定以及 主語(yǔ)與上文主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，可用此結(jié)構(gòu)，注意，這 里不用倒裝同序;so 的意義相當(dāng)于indeed, certainly，即"不錯(cuò)"、"對(duì)了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does.(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 這類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)往往帶有說(shuō)話人的驚奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it‘s raining! B: So it is. 在這里，So it is的含義是 You are right! It is raining;and this surprises me.
4."Nor+主語(yǔ)十do"結(jié)構(gòu)
如果乙方想對(duì)甲方所否定的情況加以肯定時(shí)，可用此 結(jié)構(gòu)(注：在這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中，neither少見(jiàn))例如： Look! It isn‘t raining any more!
---Nor it is!
This cup hasn‘t got a handle!
---Nor it has!
四種結(jié)構(gòu)的介紹就到此為止。下面從L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一書(shū)摘引一則 對(duì)話供初學(xué)者觀察上述四種結(jié)構(gòu)在上下文中的使用 情況。
Derothy: Look it‘s raining!
Donald: So it is! I‘m not going out this afternoon now.
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven‘t got anything to do this evening, you know.
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
Derothy: So we can.
Donald: There‘s a good film on at the "Metropole".
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
Denald: Yes, let‘s.
Derothy: But it doesn‘t start until 6 o‘clock.
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don‘t want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn‘t raining any more.
Dorothy: Nor it is! I‘d like to go for a walk.
Donald: So would I…OH, who‘s that coming up the road?
Dorothy: It‘s the postman.
Donald: So it is! He‘s very early. The evening newspaper hasn‘t even arrived yet.
Dorothy: Nor it has! That‘s late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
Donald: So do I - but I don‘t want any more bills!
Dorothy: Nor do I!
Donald: Here he is…there‘s a parcel for us!
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
Donald: So do I. I wasn‘t expecting a parcel.
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it‘s from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
Dorothy: There‘s no letter in the parcel.
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.
【篇二】2020年上半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
though, although
注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時(shí)，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用
Although it‘s raining, they are still working in the field.
雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?BR> He is very old, but he still works very hard.
雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 (諺語(yǔ))
典型例題
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2) as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b. 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We‘ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑問(wèn)詞" 或"疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。
(錯(cuò))No matter what you say is of no use now.
(對(duì))Whatever you say is of no use now.
你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)用了。(Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句)
(錯(cuò))Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given,
(對(duì))Prisoners have to eat whatever they‘re given. 囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。
【篇三】2020年上半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：only
一、only引導(dǎo)的詞組或句子放在句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如
Only in this way can you solve the problem.
只有通過(guò)這種方式你才能解決問(wèn)題。
Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.
只有努力學(xué)習(xí)才能通過(guò)考試。
Only then did I realize my mistake.
只有那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到錯(cuò)了。
二、not only...(but also)出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，如果架連接的是兩個(gè)句子，常用倒裝。如
Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives.
我們不僅丟了錢(qián)，還差點(diǎn)把命丟了。
Not only did he speak correctly,but he also spoke easily.
他不僅說(shuō)得準(zhǔn)確，而且說(shuō)得很輕松。
三、only放在不定式前面，常表示不愉快或出乎人們的意料的結(jié)果。如
I went all the way to his home only to find hime out at a meeting.
我徑直到他家里去，不料發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去開(kāi)會(huì)了。
I hurried to the post office only to find it closed.
我匆忙趕到郵局，不料已經(jīng)關(guān)門(mén)了。
She went home only to find her house burglarized.
她回到家里，發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了。
四、“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示否定意思，但在“only too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，only too = very，表示肯定意思。如
The patient is too weak to walk.
那個(gè)病人太虛弱了，走不動(dòng)。
We are only too willing to do it for you.
我們非常愿意為你做那事。
I am only too delighted to accept your king invitation.
我非常高興地接受你的邀請(qǐng)。
五、在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句一般被看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但在“the only one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句卻被看作修飾“the only one”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如
This is one of the best novels that have been published in the past two years.
這是近兩年出版的的小說(shuō)之一。
He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
他是這些孩子中受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的。
She is the only one of the girls who has been to the US.
她是那些女孩中去過(guò)美國(guó)的。
六、If only 為虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種，表示愿望或一個(gè)未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件，多用于感嘆句，其主句常常省略。如
If only she would marry me!
她要是能和我結(jié)婚該多好!
If only he had known about it!
他那時(shí)要是知道這件事該多好!
If only you could have been here earlier that day!
要是你那天再早點(diǎn)到這就好了。
If only there were forty-eighty hours in a day.
要是一天有48個(gè)小時(shí)就好了。
【篇一】2020年上半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：So do I
兩人對(duì)話，乙方對(duì)甲方的問(wèn)話常可用簡(jiǎn)短回答作出 反應(yīng)。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.這同樣適用于陳述句的場(chǎng)合： You worry too much.-- No，I don‘t.在后一種情況下，乙方也能"So+do+主語(yǔ)"之類(lèi) 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示看法。
例如甲方說(shuō)"我喜歡蘋(píng)果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜歡蘋(píng)果"，英語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)：
A：I like apples.
B：So do I.(= I like apples，too。)
這里的so在意義上相當(dāng)于in the same way，即同樣、 也那樣，作簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)表示同樣看法時(shí)常用之。
就諸如此類(lèi)的四種結(jié)構(gòu)略作介紹。
1."So+do+主語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu) 在簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)中表示"我也如此"或"另外一個(gè)人也 如此"時(shí)，也就是主語(yǔ)不同于上文的主語(yǔ)以及上 文并無(wú)可用于構(gòu)成倒裝的動(dòng)詞(即操作詞時(shí))， 可用此結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于構(gòu)成倒裝的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則用相同 的動(dòng)詞或根據(jù)不同人稱(chēng)用同類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French.--So can I. I‘ve got a new car.--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
2."Neither/Nor + do + 主語(yǔ)" 結(jié)構(gòu) 如果上文表示否定意義而在簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)中表示同樣 看法時(shí)，可用此結(jié)構(gòu)。例如，甲方說(shuō)I can‘t swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不會(huì)游泳"，英語(yǔ)可以說(shuō) Neither can I. / Nor can I(=I can‘t either)。
又例如： A：He doesn‘t speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 關(guān)于以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，有兩點(diǎn)說(shuō)明：
第一，能用動(dòng)詞縮略形式。例如： I‘m going to London. ---So‘s John。(is) I‘ve been to New York. ---So‘s John.(has) I‘d have gone to Tokyo if I could.---So‘d John.(would) John hasn‘t got a visa. ---Nor‘ve do I.(have) Jim and Mary aren‘t acting in the college play. ---Neither‘s Peter.(is)
第二，上述甲乙對(duì)話如用and連成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can‘t I. John can‘t speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn‘t speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜體部分相當(dāng)于and I can, too / and I can‘t either / and I do too / and I don‘t either 的意思。
3."So+主語(yǔ)+do"結(jié)構(gòu) 在簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)中，對(duì)別人所說(shuō)的情況加以肯定以及 主語(yǔ)與上文主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，可用此結(jié)構(gòu)，注意，這 里不用倒裝同序;so 的意義相當(dāng)于indeed, certainly，即"不錯(cuò)"、"對(duì)了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does.(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 這類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)短反應(yīng)往往帶有說(shuō)話人的驚奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it‘s raining! B: So it is. 在這里，So it is的含義是 You are right! It is raining;and this surprises me.
4."Nor+主語(yǔ)十do"結(jié)構(gòu)
如果乙方想對(duì)甲方所否定的情況加以肯定時(shí)，可用此 結(jié)構(gòu)(注：在這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中，neither少見(jiàn))例如： Look! It isn‘t raining any more!
---Nor it is!
This cup hasn‘t got a handle!
---Nor it has!
四種結(jié)構(gòu)的介紹就到此為止。下面從L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一書(shū)摘引一則 對(duì)話供初學(xué)者觀察上述四種結(jié)構(gòu)在上下文中的使用 情況。
Derothy: Look it‘s raining!
Donald: So it is! I‘m not going out this afternoon now.
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven‘t got anything to do this evening, you know.
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
Derothy: So we can.
Donald: There‘s a good film on at the "Metropole".
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
Denald: Yes, let‘s.
Derothy: But it doesn‘t start until 6 o‘clock.
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don‘t want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn‘t raining any more.
Dorothy: Nor it is! I‘d like to go for a walk.
Donald: So would I…OH, who‘s that coming up the road?
Dorothy: It‘s the postman.
Donald: So it is! He‘s very early. The evening newspaper hasn‘t even arrived yet.
Dorothy: Nor it has! That‘s late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
Donald: So do I - but I don‘t want any more bills!
Dorothy: Nor do I!
Donald: Here he is…there‘s a parcel for us!
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
Donald: So do I. I wasn‘t expecting a parcel.
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it‘s from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
Dorothy: There‘s no letter in the parcel.
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.
【篇二】2020年上半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
though, although
注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時(shí)，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用
Although it‘s raining, they are still working in the field.
雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?BR> He is very old, but he still works very hard.
雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 (諺語(yǔ))
典型例題
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2) as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b. 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We‘ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑問(wèn)詞" 或"疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。
(錯(cuò))No matter what you say is of no use now.
(對(duì))Whatever you say is of no use now.
你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒(méi)用了。(Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句)
(錯(cuò))Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given,
(對(duì))Prisoners have to eat whatever they‘re given. 囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。
【篇三】2020年上半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：only
一、only引導(dǎo)的詞組或句子放在句首作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如
Only in this way can you solve the problem.
只有通過(guò)這種方式你才能解決問(wèn)題。
Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.
只有努力學(xué)習(xí)才能通過(guò)考試。
Only then did I realize my mistake.
只有那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到錯(cuò)了。
二、not only...(but also)出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，如果架連接的是兩個(gè)句子，常用倒裝。如
Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives.
我們不僅丟了錢(qián)，還差點(diǎn)把命丟了。
Not only did he speak correctly,but he also spoke easily.
他不僅說(shuō)得準(zhǔn)確，而且說(shuō)得很輕松。
三、only放在不定式前面，常表示不愉快或出乎人們的意料的結(jié)果。如
I went all the way to his home only to find hime out at a meeting.
我徑直到他家里去，不料發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去開(kāi)會(huì)了。
I hurried to the post office only to find it closed.
我匆忙趕到郵局，不料已經(jīng)關(guān)門(mén)了。
She went home only to find her house burglarized.
她回到家里，發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被盜了。
四、“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示否定意思，但在“only too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，only too = very，表示肯定意思。如
The patient is too weak to walk.
那個(gè)病人太虛弱了，走不動(dòng)。
We are only too willing to do it for you.
我們非常愿意為你做那事。
I am only too delighted to accept your king invitation.
我非常高興地接受你的邀請(qǐng)。
五、在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句一般被看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但在“the only one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句卻被看作修飾“the only one”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如
This is one of the best novels that have been published in the past two years.
這是近兩年出版的的小說(shuō)之一。
He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.
他是這些孩子中受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的。
She is the only one of the girls who has been to the US.
她是那些女孩中去過(guò)美國(guó)的。
六、If only 為虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一種，表示愿望或一個(gè)未實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件，多用于感嘆句，其主句常常省略。如
If only she would marry me!
她要是能和我結(jié)婚該多好!
If only he had known about it!
他那時(shí)要是知道這件事該多好!
If only you could have been here earlier that day!
要是你那天再早點(diǎn)到這就好了。
If only there were forty-eighty hours in a day.
要是一天有48個(gè)小時(shí)就好了。