被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)中的使用是比較普遍的，然而，漢語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)很少，因此英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在考研英語(yǔ)翻譯中都要轉(zhuǎn)化為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。為此，整理了“2020考研英語(yǔ)答題技巧之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯篇”的文章，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
下面給各位考生介紹一下被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)程中常用的幾種方法。
1.逆序法
逆序法就是漢語(yǔ)譯文的語(yǔ)序和英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序完全相反。翻譯時(shí)，要把英語(yǔ)句子后面的詞或短語(yǔ)放到漢語(yǔ)譯文的前面，有些句子所有詞的順序都發(fā)生變化，有些句子只有部分詞的順序發(fā)生變化。請(qǐng)看譯例。
(1)A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.
譯文：原子反應(yīng)堆需要一種合適的燃料。
(2)Every day new compounds are produced in the laboratory by the synthetic organic chemist.
譯文：有機(jī)化合每天都在實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造新的化合物。
(3)Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
譯文：文教事業(yè)也有迅速的發(fā)展。
2.譯成漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句
一些被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子可用漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句表達(dá)。
(1)It is important that fresh impetus be given to the national economy.
譯文：重要的是，應(yīng)該給國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)注入新的活力。
(2)A court order was obtained, permitting the police to subject him to a lie detector test.
譯文：獲得了法庭指令，允許警察對(duì)他使用測(cè)謊儀進(jìn)行測(cè)謊。
(3)It must be recognized that China is still a developing country.
譯文：必須承認(rèn)中國(guó)還是一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國(guó)家。
3.增添漢語(yǔ)邏輯上的主語(yǔ)
有些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)，需要增加邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，我們可根據(jù)上下文增加適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)。
(1)More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community.
譯文：國(guó)家需要向社會(huì)的貧困階層提供更多救濟(jì)。
(2)Their bombs are always placed in strategic positions to cause as much chaos as possible.
譯文：他們總是把炸彈放在戰(zhàn)略要地，從而盡可能引起更大的混亂。
(3)Copper articles have been used for several thousand years.
譯文：人類對(duì)銅器的使用已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史了。
4.語(yǔ)序基本不變 助動(dòng)詞be省略不譯
有一些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，可按其原有的語(yǔ)序表達(dá)或作稍微的調(diào)整，但助動(dòng)詞be要省略不譯。
(1)The members of the jury were discharged.
譯文：陪審員都解散了。
(2)All the problems are to be discussed.
譯文：所有問(wèn)題將會(huì)進(jìn)行討論。
(3)The conference will be held next week.
譯文：會(huì)議將于下周舉行。
5. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成“是……的”
一些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)可用“是……的”來(lái)表達(dá)。
(1)History is made by the people.
譯文：歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。
(2)Produced by electrons are the x-rays, which allow the doctor to look inside a patient’s body.
譯文：X 射線是電子產(chǎn)生的, 它使醫(yī)生能透視病人的身體。
(3)These objects were produced using a revolutionary new process which until recently was unavailable in Britain.
譯文：這些東西是用一種革新的工藝生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的，而英國(guó)直到最近才掌握這項(xiàng)工藝。
6. 調(diào)整部分語(yǔ)序
有些被動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，其它的句子成分要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，以便使譯文符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
(1)The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in 1886.
譯文：1886年，自由女神像在紐約灣北部落成。
(2)All objects are made to expand by heat.
譯文：所有物質(zhì)遇熱都會(huì)膨脹。
(3)The problem of population control has to be recognized and approached in a world environmental context.
譯文：世界人口控制問(wèn)題必須從世界環(huán)境這個(gè)大局去認(rèn)識(shí)、去研究。
下面給各位考生介紹一下被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)程中常用的幾種方法。
1.逆序法
逆序法就是漢語(yǔ)譯文的語(yǔ)序和英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序完全相反。翻譯時(shí)，要把英語(yǔ)句子后面的詞或短語(yǔ)放到漢語(yǔ)譯文的前面，有些句子所有詞的順序都發(fā)生變化，有些句子只有部分詞的順序發(fā)生變化。請(qǐng)看譯例。
(1)A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.
譯文：原子反應(yīng)堆需要一種合適的燃料。
(2)Every day new compounds are produced in the laboratory by the synthetic organic chemist.
譯文：有機(jī)化合每天都在實(shí)驗(yàn)室制造新的化合物。
(3)Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
譯文：文教事業(yè)也有迅速的發(fā)展。
2.譯成漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句
一些被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子可用漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句表達(dá)。
(1)It is important that fresh impetus be given to the national economy.
譯文：重要的是，應(yīng)該給國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)注入新的活力。
(2)A court order was obtained, permitting the police to subject him to a lie detector test.
譯文：獲得了法庭指令，允許警察對(duì)他使用測(cè)謊儀進(jìn)行測(cè)謊。
(3)It must be recognized that China is still a developing country.
譯文：必須承認(rèn)中國(guó)還是一個(gè)發(fā)展中的國(guó)家。
3.增添漢語(yǔ)邏輯上的主語(yǔ)
有些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)，需要增加邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，我們可根據(jù)上下文增加適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)。
(1)More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community.
譯文：國(guó)家需要向社會(huì)的貧困階層提供更多救濟(jì)。
(2)Their bombs are always placed in strategic positions to cause as much chaos as possible.
譯文：他們總是把炸彈放在戰(zhàn)略要地，從而盡可能引起更大的混亂。
(3)Copper articles have been used for several thousand years.
譯文：人類對(duì)銅器的使用已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史了。
4.語(yǔ)序基本不變 助動(dòng)詞be省略不譯
有一些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，可按其原有的語(yǔ)序表達(dá)或作稍微的調(diào)整，但助動(dòng)詞be要省略不譯。
(1)The members of the jury were discharged.
譯文：陪審員都解散了。
(2)All the problems are to be discussed.
譯文：所有問(wèn)題將會(huì)進(jìn)行討論。
(3)The conference will be held next week.
譯文：會(huì)議將于下周舉行。
5. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成“是……的”
一些英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，翻譯成漢語(yǔ)可用“是……的”來(lái)表達(dá)。
(1)History is made by the people.
譯文：歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。
(2)Produced by electrons are the x-rays, which allow the doctor to look inside a patient’s body.
譯文：X 射線是電子產(chǎn)生的, 它使醫(yī)生能透視病人的身體。
(3)These objects were produced using a revolutionary new process which until recently was unavailable in Britain.
譯文：這些東西是用一種革新的工藝生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的，而英國(guó)直到最近才掌握這項(xiàng)工藝。
6. 調(diào)整部分語(yǔ)序
有些被動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，其它的句子成分要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，以便使譯文符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
(1)The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on an island in Upper New York Bay in 1886.
譯文：1886年，自由女神像在紐約灣北部落成。
(2)All objects are made to expand by heat.
譯文：所有物質(zhì)遇熱都會(huì)膨脹。
(3)The problem of population control has to be recognized and approached in a world environmental context.
譯文：世界人口控制問(wèn)題必須從世界環(huán)境這個(gè)大局去認(rèn)識(shí)、去研究。