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新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson133~134語(yǔ)法及單詞解析
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
需改變時(shí)態(tài)的間接陳述句
間接引語(yǔ)里常要改變時(shí)態(tài)，這是因?yàn)樵瓉?lái)講的話(huà)與轉(zhuǎn)述這些話(huà)之間有一段間隔。選擇哪種恰當(dāng)?shù)男问饺Q于轉(zhuǎn)述者的著眼點(diǎn)。在間接引語(yǔ)里通常并不確切地重復(fù) 講話(huà)者說(shuō)過(guò)的話(huà)。轉(zhuǎn)述通常發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以引述動(dòng)詞通常是過(guò)去時(shí)。因此，轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常要“往回移”(back shift)。一條普遍的規(guī)則是：現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。為過(guò)去時(shí)的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞和過(guò)去完成時(shí)在轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)不變，因?yàn)椴豢赡茉偻匾屏恕?BR> 使用間接引語(yǔ)主要是為了簡(jiǎn)潔、緊湊地把說(shuō)話(huà)內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)述給第3者。請(qǐng)看下面直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)在時(shí)態(tài)等方面必須作出的相應(yīng)變化：
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)：
‘I'm thirsty,’she said.
“我渴了”她說(shuō)。
She said (that) she was thirsty.
她說(shuō)她渴了。
(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)改為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
‘I'm having a rest,’ she told them.
“我正在休息”她告訴他們。
She told them (that) she was having a rest.
她告訴他們說(shuō)她當(dāng)時(shí)正在休息。
(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
‘I've just made a new film,’ she told me.
“我剛完成一部新電影”她告訴我。
She told me(that) she had just made a new film.
她告訴我說(shuō)她剛完成一部新影片。
(4)一般將來(lái)時(shí)改成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(一般用would +動(dòng)詞原形)：
‘I'll have to ask my husband,’she said.
“我得問(wèn)問(wèn)我丈夫”她說(shuō)。
She said (that) she would have to ask her husband.
她說(shuō)她將得去問(wèn)問(wèn)她丈夫。
(5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞由現(xiàn)在時(shí)改成過(guò)去時(shí)或條件時(shí)態(tài)：
‘I can see you tomorrow,’she said.
“我明天可以見(jiàn)你”她說(shuō)。
She said (that) she could see me the next day.
她說(shuō)她下一天可以見(jiàn)我。
‘I'll help you,’she said.
“我將幫助你”她說(shuō)。
She said (that) she would help me.
她說(shuō)她將幫助我。
‘I may return at six o'clock,’ she told me.
“我可能6點(diǎn)鐘回來(lái)”她告訴我。
She told me (that) she might return at six o'clock.
她告訴我說(shuō)她可能6點(diǎn)鐘回來(lái)。
(6)為過(guò)去時(shí)或條件時(shí)態(tài)的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞不變：
‘I could see you tomorrow,’she said.
“我明天可能會(huì)見(jiàn)你”她說(shuō)。
She said (that) she could see me the next day.
她說(shuō)她第2天會(huì)見(jiàn)我。
‘I would complain if I were you,’she told me.
“如果我是你的話(huà)，我會(huì)抱怨”她告訴我。
She told me (that) she would complain if she were me.
她告訴我說(shuō)，如果她是我的話(huà)她就會(huì)抱怨的。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.wonder v.
(1)感到好奇;想要知道：
I wonder why he hasn't come.
我很想知道他為什么沒(méi)來(lái)。
I was wondering if I could borrow your bicycle.
我在想是否能借用你的自行車(chē)。
(2)感到驚訝(或詫異)：
She wonders at his rudeness.
她對(duì)他的無(wú)禮感到驚訝。
I shouldn't wonder if she is elected.
如果她當(dāng)選，我不會(huì)感到驚奇。
2.sensational adj.
(1)令人興奮的;轟動(dòng)性的：
The discovery was sensational.
那個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了轟動(dòng)。
(2)<貶>聳人聽(tīng)聞的;企圖追求轟動(dòng)效應(yīng)的：
The sensational news report didn't have much effect on them.
那起聳人聽(tīng)聞的新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)對(duì)他們并無(wú)多大影響。
(3)<口>非常好;給人深刻印象的：
She looks sensational in that dress!
她穿那條裙子的樣子真令人難忘!
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson135~136語(yǔ)法及單詞解析
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
1.let的用法
let與一般動(dòng)詞不同，它用于動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)，即let后面可接名詞或代詞，再接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。其意思為“允許”、“讓”。請(qǐng)看例句：
She lets her son play in the garden.
她讓她的兒子在花園里玩。
Her parents wouldn't let her go out with that boy.
她的父母不允許她與那個(gè)男孩子一起出去。
Just let me try!
就讓我試試吧!
They didn't let the guests smoke in the lobby.
他們不允許客人們?cè)诖髲d吸煙。
2.間接引語(yǔ)中情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞由現(xiàn)在時(shí)如何變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)
(參見(jiàn)第133-134課_Sensational news語(yǔ)法部分。)
‘I can understand English,’she told me.
“我懂英語(yǔ)”她告訴我。
She told me she could understand English.
她告訴我說(shuō)她懂英語(yǔ)。
‘I can't afford a new car,’she said to me.
“我買(mǎi)不起一輛新車(chē)”她告訴我。
She told me she couldn't afford a new car.
她告訴我說(shuō)她買(mǎi)不起新車(chē)。
‘It will rain tomorrow,’ she told we.
“明天會(huì)下雨”她告訴我。
She told me it would rain tomorrow.
她告訴我說(shuō)明天下雨。
‘George won't travel by air, ’he said.
“喬治將不乘飛機(jī)旅行”他說(shuō)。
He said George wouldn't travel by air.
他說(shuō)喬治將不乘飛機(jī)旅行。
‘I may go to the cinema this evening,’he said.
“我可能今晚去看電影”他說(shuō)。
He said he might go to the cinema this evening.
他說(shuō)他可能今晚去看電影。
‘I may not retire,’he said.
“我可能不退休”他說(shuō)。
He said he might not retire.
他說(shuō)他可能不退休。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.introduce v.
(1)介紹;引導(dǎo)：
He was introduced to Mrs. Black at that party.
在那個(gè)聚會(huì)上，他被介紹跟布萊克太太相識(shí)了。
May I introduce my future husband to you?
讓我介紹你跟我的未婚夫認(rèn)識(shí)好嗎?
(2)引進(jìn);推行：
Panda has been introduced into Japan from China.
大熊貓由中國(guó)引入日本。
Economic reforms have been introduced in China.
中國(guó)推行了經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的改革。
(3)引領(lǐng);(初次)提出：
The guest was introduced into a room upstairs.
客人被領(lǐng)進(jìn)了樓上的一個(gè)房間。
He introduced a new topic for our discussion.
他提出了一個(gè)新的議題供我們討論。
2.really adv.
(1)真正地;確實(shí)地：
Are you really going to retire?
你真的準(zhǔn)備退休嗎?
He wants to know what really happened.
他想知道事實(shí)的真相。
(2)<用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣>實(shí)在;其實(shí)：
I really don't mind.
我真的不介意。
You don't really expect him to believe that, do you?
你其實(shí)并不指望他相信那一點(diǎn)，對(duì)嗎?
(3)<表示疑問(wèn)、驚訝、惱怒等>真的;是嗎;真是的：
It is said that she's going to retire.
聽(tīng)說(shuō)她要退休了。
Really?
真的嗎?
Oh really! It's terrible for him.
喔，真是的!這對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)太可怕了。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson137~138語(yǔ)法及單詞解析
語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
第1類(lèi)條件句
如果我們認(rèn)為將來(lái)的事件是可能發(fā)生的，就可用第1類(lèi)條件句去描述將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事或不會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：If + 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)+將來(lái)時(shí)(或情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞)，如：
If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the seaside.
如果明天下雨，我們就不去海邊。
if從句中的現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示需具備的條件，主句中的shall/will將來(lái)時(shí)表示可能的結(jié)果。具備的條件是真實(shí)的，可能真的下雨。
如果是這樣，它就會(huì)有真實(shí)的結(jié)果。這就是為什么這樣的陳述句常被稱(chēng)為“開(kāi)放”條件句或“真實(shí)”條件句的原因。事實(shí)上，在第1類(lèi)條件句中，一切現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)都能用在if之后，而不僅僅是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。請(qǐng)看例句：
If he falls ,he'll hurt himself.
如果他摔倒了，他會(huì)傷著自己的。
If you don't hurry ,we'll miss the train.
你要是不趕緊點(diǎn)兒，我們就會(huì)誤了火車(chē)。
If you feel better, you can get up.
你要是感覺(jué)好些了的話(huà)，你就能起床了。
If I am better tomorrow, I will get up.
如果我明天感覺(jué)好些了，我就起床下地。
If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin.
我要是頭疼的話(huà)就會(huì)服用一片阿司匹林。
If I can afford it, I will buy it.
要是我買(mǎi)得起的話(huà)我就會(huì)買(mǎi)它。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.depend v.(on)
(1)視……而定;取決于：
It depends on whether they win or not.
這取決于他們是否能贏。
(2)依靠;依賴(lài)：
The country depends heavily on its export of farming products.
這個(gè)國(guó)家在很大程度上依賴(lài)于其農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口。
They depended on us for help.
他們依靠的是我們的幫助。
(3)信賴(lài);相信：
We can depend on the accuracy of the test.
我們可以相信測(cè)試的準(zhǔn)確性。
You can depend on John----he is an honest man.
你可以信賴(lài)約翰——他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
2.win v.
(1)贏(如比賽或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng));獲勝：
Which team won?
哪一隊(duì)獲勝了?
He felt very excited to have won the gold medal.
贏得了金牌，他感到非常興奮。
(2)(經(jīng)過(guò)努力等)贏得;取得;成功：
Do you think he will win the election?
你認(rèn)為他競(jìng)選會(huì)成功嗎?
He had been applying for a scholarship and he won at last.
他一直在申請(qǐng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金并終于獲得了。