學(xué)習(xí)新概念英語并不難啊。你還在為英語成績低拖后腿而煩惱嗎？不要著急，小編為大家提供了“新概念英語第2冊語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)Lesson47~49”。相信加入學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中的你，很快便不再受英語的困擾！還在等什么？和小編一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧！
新概念英語第2冊語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)Lesson47
復(fù)習(xí)第36～45課部分語法
在第36～45課的語法中，我們學(xué)習(xí)了用 going to表示意圖、打算或不久即將發(fā)生的事;學(xué)習(xí)了用將來完成時(shí)表示到將來某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作;學(xué)習(xí)了與過去完成時(shí)經(jīng)常連用的連詞no sooner…than，hardly… when以及 before;學(xué)習(xí)了間接疑問句、第2類條件句;學(xué)習(xí)了表示“必要”、“不必要”的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞must，have(got)to和need;學(xué)習(xí)了 have+ 名詞代替普通動(dòng)詞，can與 be able to的區(qū)別和過去完成時(shí)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意以下句子：
Are you going to visit Old Delhi?
你打算去舊德里旅游嗎?
I would if I could, but I can't afford it.
如果可能我會(huì)去的，但我花不起這筆錢。(第2類條件句)
Did you speak to the manager?
你和經(jīng)理談話了嗎?
He didn't come, so I didn't have to speak to him after all.
他沒來，所以我終究沒有必要和他談。( have to用于過去時(shí)表示必要)
I've called a taxi.
我叫了一輛出租車。
You needn't have done that! I'd already called one.
你其實(shí)用不著叫!我已叫了一輛了。(need表示必要)
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
他剛一回來便買下了一幢房子。(no sooner…than用于過去完成時(shí))
By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium.
到明年年底，他們將把新體育場建成。(將來完成時(shí)，by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語常與它連用)
He asked if/ whether Mr. Gilbert' s operation had been successful.
他問吉爾伯特先生的手術(shù)是否成功。(間接疑問句)
We had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi.
我們穿過舊德里的一個(gè)市場時(shí)走了很長一段路。(had a walk = walked)
The plane was then able to rise.
于是飛機(jī)可以上升了。(表示成功地完成過去某一動(dòng)作時(shí)只能用 be able to，不用 could)
The wallet had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost.
錢包是用報(bào)紙包著的，里面有他丟失的錢的一半。(過去完成時(shí)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài))
新概念英語第2冊語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)Lesson48
復(fù)習(xí)第26～45課的部分語法
It is one of the ugliest faces(that) I have ever seen.
這是我見過的丑陋的頭像之一。(that在關(guān)系從句中作賓語，可省略)
There aren't many students who sing as well as she does.
在學(xué)生當(dāng)中沒幾個(gè)人唱歌像她那么好。(who在關(guān)系從句中作主語，不可省略)
People are not so honest as they once were.
人們不再像以前那樣誠實(shí)了。(not so/ as…as用于比較狀語從句)
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
他還沒等安頓下來就賣掉了房子。(hardly…when用于過去完成時(shí))
No sooner had I sat down than he came in.
我剛坐下他就進(jìn)來了。(no sooner…than用于過去完成時(shí);否定詞位于句首時(shí)句子要倒裝)
The box was so heavy that she couldn't lift it.
箱子太重了，她搬不起來。(so+形容詞+that表示“如此……以至于”)
The thief got such a fright that he dropped the bag.
那個(gè)小偷嚇得把提包都扔了。(such〈a〉+名詞+that表示“如此……以至于”)
Billy is not at home at present. He's at school.
比利現(xiàn)在不在家，他在學(xué)校。(at+名詞的用法)
新概念英語第2冊語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)Lesson49
復(fù)合句的語序 (Word order in complex statements)
復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成方法可以是把簡單句連接在一起。但與并列句不同，它的各個(gè)組成部分并非同等重要，其中總有一個(gè)獨(dú)立分句(或稱“主句”)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上 從屬分句(或稱“從句”)，主句往往可以獨(dú)立存在。復(fù)合句可用兩種方法構(gòu)成。一是用連詞把從句與主句連接起來;二是用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或不定式，它們構(gòu)成復(fù)合句的 一部分，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢杂脧木涞男问奖憩F(xiàn)出來。
(1)用連詞連接的復(fù)合句
A 在復(fù)合句中，從句可以是名詞從句(即起名詞的作用)。在句子中，它可以作主語、賓語或be等系動(dòng)詞的表語，一般由that引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)也用what(疑問詞引導(dǎo)的除外)：
I know(that)the meeting will be put off.
我知道會(huì)議將要推遲。(賓語)
That the meeting will be put off is now certain.
會(huì)議將被推遲現(xiàn)已確定無疑。(主語，that不可省略)
B 也可以是關(guān)系(或形容詞)從句，關(guān)系代詞通常有who, whom, that, which和whose。(cf.第28課語法)
C 也可以是狀語(或副詞)從句。時(shí)間狀語從句一般回答When?形式的問題，并可以用下列從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)：when, after, before, as soon as, until, while, as, since等：
He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.
他自從休假回來就一直病著。
地點(diǎn)狀語從句回答Where?形式的問題，可以由where, everywhere, anywhere等連詞來引導(dǎo)：
With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/ everywhere you like in Europe for just over ￡ 100.
你如持有專票，僅花一百多一點(diǎn)英鎊，就可以到歐洲各地旅行。
方式狀語從句回答How?形式的問題，可以由連詞as或短語in the way(that)等引導(dǎo)。方式狀語從句一般置于主句之后：
Type this again as/in the way(that) I showed you just now.
按我剛才告訴你的那樣把這再打一遍。
方式狀語從句在動(dòng)詞be, feel, seem, appear等后面也可以由連詞as if和as though來引導(dǎo)：
It feels as if/ though it's going to rain.
這天氣給人的感覺好像是就要下雨了。
原因狀語從句一般回答Why?形式的問題，可以由because, as 等引導(dǎo)：
He went to bed earlier than usual because he was tired.
他因?yàn)槔哿?，所以睡覺比平時(shí)早。
As you can't go yourself, you'll have to ask Susan go to for you.
既然你自己不能去，那你就請?zhí)K珊替你去吧。
條件狀語從句可由if及其他連詞引導(dǎo)。(cf.第16課與第40課語法)讓步狀語從句使句子具有對比的因素，它們一般由連詞although, though, even though, even if等引導(dǎo)：
He failed the exam, even though he studied hard.
雖然他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，他考試還是沒及格。
Although he studied hard, he failed the exam.
(譯文同上)
目的狀語從句可由so that, in order that等連詞引導(dǎo)：
I arrived early so that/ in order that I could get the tickets.
我到得很早，以便能買到票。
結(jié)果狀語從句描述結(jié)果，可由so+形容詞+that引導(dǎo)，也可由such(a)+(形容詞)+名詞+that來引導(dǎo)：
She was so angry that she left immediately.
她非常生氣，立刻就走了。
There was such a lot of rain that we couldn't go out.
下這么大的雨，我們都出不了門了。
比較狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)包括as+形容詞/副詞+as, not so/as…as，形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than, more…than, less…than 等：
He is as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得和他妹妹/姐姐一樣快。
He is not so/ as quick in answering as his sister(is).
他回答得不如他妹妹/姐姐那樣快。
He moves more slowly than his sister(does).
他行動(dòng)起來比他妹妹/姐姐慢。
(2)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合句
A 用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以代替時(shí)間從句、原因從句、關(guān)系從句等：
I got very angry speaking to them.
和他們談話時(shí)我變得非常生氣。(時(shí)間)
Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.
我覺得很累，所以睡得比平時(shí)早。(原因)
The train arriving at 8 o'clock is from London.
8點(diǎn)鐘到的這趟列車是從倫敦來的。(代替關(guān)系從句)
現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的這種用法僅限于兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的主語一致的時(shí)候。用它代替時(shí)間從句時(shí)，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示的動(dòng)作如果發(fā)生在前，則分詞結(jié)構(gòu)要位于主語前;如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，那么分詞結(jié)構(gòu)既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后：
Finding the door unlocked, he went into the room.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)門沒上鎖，就走進(jìn)房間。(有前后)
Working with them, I got very angry.
同他們一起工作時(shí)我很生氣。(同時(shí))
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)位于主句前面時(shí)，要用逗號(hào)隔開。
B 過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)常用于比較正式的文體，往往代替被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.
在事故中被撞壞后，那輛車現(xiàn)已修好。
(3)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合句
這種結(jié)構(gòu)通?？梢源姹硎灸康幕虮硎緱l件的狀語從句：
To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.
要進(jìn)入大學(xué)你必須通過一系列考試。
I borrowed some money to get a new car.
為了買輛新車，我借了些錢。