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新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson43課文注釋
1.In 1929, three years after his flight over the North Pole, the American explorer, R. E. Byrd, successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time. 美國(guó)探險(xiǎn)家 R·E·伯德在飛越北極3年之后，于1929年第1次飛越了南極。
(1)這句話包含兩個(gè)同位語(yǔ)。three years after…為 1929的同位語(yǔ)，作插入性的補(bǔ)充說明;R.E.Byrd 作 the American explorer 的同位語(yǔ)。
(2)for the first time 表示“第”，time在這里表示“次”、“回”，還可以說 this time, last time, next time, another time, each time, for the last time等：
I remind you for the last time that if you don't hurry, you'll miss the train.
我后提醒你，如果不快點(diǎn)，你會(huì)誤了火車的。
Give him these photos next time you see him.
下次你見到他時(shí)把這些相片給他。
2.Though, at first, Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. 雖然開始時(shí)伯德和他的助手們拍下了飛機(jī)下面連綿群山的大量照片，但他們很快就陷入了困境。
(1)連詞though引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其含義為“雖然……”、“盡管……”。這個(gè)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at first被單獨(dú)用逗號(hào)隔開了，它如果按正常的詞序應(yīng)放在從句的末尾，但有可能會(huì)引起誤解。
(2)at first與主句中的 soon形成時(shí)間上的照應(yīng)，表示先后次序。
(3)take a photograph of 表示“拍……的照片”：
He took a photograph of his house before he left home.
他離家前給他家的房子拍了一張照片。
(4)that lay below為 the mountains的定語(yǔ)從句，that為從句的主語(yǔ)。
(5)run into trouble的含義與 get into trouble相似，表示“陷入困境”：
Each time he ran into trouble, he asked his parents for help.
每當(dāng)他陷入困境時(shí)，他都向他父母求助。
3.At one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. 在有個(gè)地方，飛機(jī)似乎肯定要墜毀了。
(1)at one point在此處可以解釋為“在有個(gè)地方”，但它通常的含義為“在某一時(shí)刻”，point指時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)：
At one point, he made up his mind to become a painter.
他曾一度下決心要當(dāng)個(gè)畫家。
(2)it為“先行主語(yǔ)”，真正的主語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的從句。it作先行主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常與seem，appear，look等連用：
It now looks certain that the meeting is going to be put off.
現(xiàn)在似乎可以肯定會(huì)議將被推遲。
4.rise to，飛機(jī)“上升至……”。
5.… it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. ……它在離山頭400英尺的高度飛越了過去。
clear在這里表示“(不接觸地)越過”：
He cleared 2. 10 metres.
他跳過了2.10米。
by表示“以……之差”：
I missed the train by ten minutes.
我晚了10分鐘，沒趕上火車。
He is younger than me by two years.
他比我小兩歲。
6.…for there were no more mountains in sight. ……因?yàn)榍懊嬖贈(zèng)]有山了。
for表示“因?yàn)椤薄?in sight表示“在看得見的范圍內(nèi)”、“在可看見之處”：
No man was in sight.
一個(gè)人也看不見。
7.white plains, 白色原野。
因?yàn)槟蠘O到處覆蓋著雪，因此是白色的。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson44課文注釋
1.Mrs. Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. 安·斯特林夫人在穿過森林追趕兩個(gè)男人時(shí)，她并沒有考慮到所冒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
(1)think of在這里表示“考慮”、“思考”。
Have you ever thought of settling down in this town?
你有沒有考慮過在這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上定居?
(2)表示“冒……危險(xiǎn)”可以用 take the risk(of doing…)。
(3)run after 表示“追趕”：
On my way home, I saw a dog running after a cat.
我在回家的路上看到一只狗在追一只貓。
2.They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children…剛才，當(dāng)她和孩子們正在森林邊上野餐的時(shí)侯，這兩個(gè)人沖到她跟前……
(1)up to可以表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等“一直到……”：
The child ran up to his mother when he saw her.
那孩子看到他的母親后便跑到她跟前。
He worked up to nine o'clock in the evening.
他一直工作到晚上9點(diǎn)。
(2)at the edge of表示“在……的邊上”：
The park lies at the edge of the town.
公園位于鎮(zhèn)邊上。
3.in one's possession, 為某人所有。
也可以說 in the possession of sb.。這兩種意思相同，但是人稱代詞一般用前一種表達(dá)方式：
The house used to be in my possession, but now it is in the possession of an old lady.
這座房子曾經(jīng)歸我所有，但現(xiàn)在它歸一位老太太所有。
4.Mrs. Sterling got so angry that she ran after them. 斯特林太太非常氣憤，向著他們追了過去。
so…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如此……以至于……”。
下文中，The men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away用了類似的引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞 such a…that。
5.out of breath，喘不上氣，上氣不接下氣。
Tom ran to the shop to get some salt for his mother. When he reached there, he was quite out of breath.
湯姆為了給母親買鹽跑步去了商店。當(dāng)他到那里時(shí)，他已很是上氣不接下氣。
6.go through，翻看。
這是個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，含義之一是“(仔細(xì)地)搜查”、“在……中搜尋”：
She went through her bag, but she couldn't find her key.
她翻遍了包，但就是找不到她的鑰匙。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)Lesson45課文注釋
1.A clear conscience, (標(biāo)題)問心無愧。
clear在這里的含義為“清白的”、“無罪的”，因此這個(gè)短語(yǔ)又可譯為“清白的良心”，相當(dāng)于 a good conscience，反義詞為 a bad conscience(感到內(nèi)疚)。
2.The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. 整個(gè)村子很快知道，有一大筆錢丟失了。
(1)village在這里為總稱，指“村民”，the whole village指“全村的人”，后面通常跟單數(shù)動(dòng)詞(有時(shí)也可視為復(fù)數(shù))：
The whole village was excited by the news.
這消息使全村的人興奮。
(2)learn在句中的含義為“獲悉”、“得知”：
I've just learnt that she was ill.
我剛剛得知她病了。
3.Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. 當(dāng)?shù)氐耐缿羲_姆·本頓在把存款送往郵局的途中把錢包丟了。
taking為現(xiàn)在分詞。與動(dòng)名詞相似，它也可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。在連詞while之后，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從 句：…while he was taking his savings to the post office?，F(xiàn)在分詞這樣用的前提是兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)，并且這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作通常是同時(shí)發(fā)生的：
He listened to music while cleaning the room.
他一邊打掃房間一邊聽音樂。
如果是主語(yǔ)不一致則必須用從句：
He listened to music while I was cleaning the room.
我打掃房間時(shí)，他在聽音樂。
4.Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers…薩姆確信那錢包一定是被某個(gè)村民撿到了……
must用于對(duì)過去已發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞要用完成式：
When I arrived, he wasn't here. He must have left early.
我到這兒的時(shí)候他已不在了。他一定早走了。
5.it contained half the money he had lost, 里面有他丟失的錢的一半。
我們既可以說 half the money，也可以說 half of the money，它們可以互相替代，但是money前都必須有the，因?yàn)槭侵柑囟ǖ腻X。再如：
Half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.
這面包有一半已變質(zhì)了。
6.In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. 很快，薩姆全部的錢都用同樣的方式還了回來。
(1)in time可以表示“經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間”或“終”、“遲早”：
In time, he found all the books he needed.
一段時(shí)間以后，他找到了他需要的所有書。
I'll tell you everything in time.
我終/總有一天會(huì)把一切都告訴你的。
(2)in this way表示“用這樣的方式”：
You must pay attention to your spelling. In this way, you can become a good secretary in time.
你必須注意你的拼寫。這樣你才能終成為一個(gè)好秘書。