新概念英語(yǔ)一共144課。整本書(shū)無(wú)論是語(yǔ)法還是詞匯，題材還是語(yǔ)句，都有其出彩之處。正是因?yàn)槿绱?，新概念英語(yǔ)更是經(jīng)久不衰，深受廣大英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的喜愛(ài)。為您整理了“新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)自學(xué)筆記精講解析Lesson139-144”，希望可以幫助到您！
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)自學(xué)筆記精講解析Lesson139-140
1.Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening. 你告訴瑪麗，今晚吃飯我們將晚到一會(huì)兒。
句中 we will be late…是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，作動(dòng)詞 tell的賓語(yǔ)。
這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句省略了引導(dǎo)詞that。late表示“遲到”的意思時(shí)通常作表語(yǔ)，與for連用。
2.by the way, 順便(問(wèn)、說(shuō)一下)。
說(shuō)話者忽然想到另一件事的時(shí)候用此來(lái)表示改變?cè)掝}。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)139-140課語(yǔ)法 Grammar in use
賓語(yǔ)從句(2)
在以前已介紹過(guò)賓語(yǔ)從句一般由that, which和whom引導(dǎo)，它們有時(shí)在口語(yǔ)中可以省略。除此之外，賓語(yǔ)從句還可以由when, where, what, why, how以及 if和 whether這些疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而它們?cè)诰渲型荒芗右允÷浴o(wú)論是that, if還是wh-疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句通常都應(yīng)以陳述句的形式出現(xiàn)。
請(qǐng)看例句：
She wants to know when you'll have a bath.
她想知道你何時(shí)洗澡。
I don't know where she lives.
我不知道她住在哪兒。
He wants to know what you are cooking.
他想知道你在做什么飯。
She wants to know why Mary is late.
她想知道瑪麗為何遲到。
He wants to know if you are tired.
他想知道你是否累了。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)139-140課詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.extra
(1)adj. 額外的;外加的;另外收費(fèi)的：
Could you get an extra bottle of milk?
請(qǐng)你再拿一瓶牛奶好嗎?
On Sundays, she always gets some extra sleep.
星期天她總是比平時(shí)多睡一會(huì)兒。
Guests at this hotel can use the gym at no extra cost.
這家飯店的客人們可以使用健身房，不再額外收費(fèi)。
(2)adv. 額外地;另外：
He usually works extra on weekends.
他通常在周末加班。
They'll charge you extra for room service.
飯菜送到房間是要另外收費(fèi)的。
She is extra nice to her colleagues these days.
這些日子她對(duì)她的同事們特別好。
2.overseas
(1)adj. 海外的;國(guó)外的：
The university recruits a large number of overseas
students each year.
這所大學(xué)每年招收大量的外國(guó)留學(xué)生。
This small country depends heavily on its overseas trade.
這個(gè)小國(guó)在很大程度上依賴于其海外貿(mào)易。
(2)adv. 在(或向)海外;在(或向)國(guó)外：
John is going to work overseas soon.
約翰不久就要出國(guó)工作了。
He has never been overseas.
他還從未出過(guò)國(guó)。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)140課練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
A
1 Yes, Graham Turner is speaking to John Smith.
2 Mary invited Mr. and Mrs. Turner to dinner.
3 Graham Turner said he would be there at six o'clock.
4 Because his boss wanted him to do some extra work.
5 No, he doesn't.
6 Mr. Turner's wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.
B
1 I want to know if you are late. Tell me if you are late.
I want to know why you are late. Tell me why you are late.
2 I want to know if you are dirty. Tell my if you are dirty.
I want to know why you are dirty. Tell me why you are dirty.
3 I want to know if you are lazy. Tell me if you are lazy.
I want to know why you are lazy. Tell me why you are lazy.
4 I want to know if you are busy. Tell me if you are busy.
I want to know why you are busy. Tell me why you are busy.
C
1 I want to know if you are writing. Tell me if you are writing.
I want to know what you are writing. Tell me what you are writing.
2 I want to know if you are cooking. Tell me if you are cooking.
I want to know what you are cooking. Tell me what you are cooking.
3 I want to know if you are painting. Tell me if you are painting.
I want to know what you are painting. Tell me what you are painting.
4 I want to know if you are playing. Tell me if you are playing.
I want to know what you are playing. Tell me what you are playing.
D
1 I want to know if Tom got up early. Tell me if Tom got up early.
I want to know when Tom got up. Tell me when Tom got up.
2 I want to know if Tom arrived late. Tell me if Tom arrived late.
I want to know when Tom arrived. Tell me when Tom arrived.
3 I want to know if Tom did his homework yesterday. Tell me if Tom did his homework yesterday.
I want to know when Tom did his homework yesterday. Tell me when Tom did his homework yesterday.
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)自學(xué)筆記精講解析Lesson141-142
1.my four-year-old daughter 我那4歲的女兒
four-year-old 是名詞 daughter的定語(yǔ)。各詞用連字符連在一起，構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞。注意在這個(gè)復(fù)合詞中僅用 year，而不用復(fù)數(shù)：
a thirteen-year-old girl 一個(gè)13歲的姑娘
2.… Sally was invited to a children's party. ……薩莉被邀請(qǐng)去參加一個(gè)兒童聚會(huì)。
這是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的例子。在英文中，如果想避免用含混不清的詞(如 someone等)作主語(yǔ)，常?？墒褂帽粍?dòng)詞態(tài)。(具體請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)本課語(yǔ)法部分。)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由相應(yīng)的be動(dòng)詞加上過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成：
It is repaired regularly.
它定期修理。
They are corrected regularly.
它們得到了定期校正。
He was met at the station this morning.
今早有人在車站接他。
3.a middle-aged lady 一位中年女士
middle-aged是一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞，由名詞+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。又如：
hand-made 手工制作的
4.opposite Sally 在薩莉的對(duì)面
這是介詞短語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)，表示sat的具體情況。
5.take out 拿出
6.make up her face 往她的臉上化妝
make up意為“化妝”、“打扮”(指擦胭脂、抹粉)。
7.To make myself beautiful … 把自己打扮漂亮……
這是一個(gè)省略句，句首省略了I am doing that，而只留下這個(gè)作目的狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。
8.put away 收拾好，儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)溆?BR> 新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第142課語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) Grammar in use
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分。在主動(dòng)句中，動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是執(zhí)行動(dòng)作的人或物。在被動(dòng)句中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。
在英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)詞態(tài)用得很普遍，這樣做可以避免用不明確的詞作主語(yǔ)，或是將說(shuō)話的重點(diǎn)放在事件而不是造成該事件的人或物上。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成： be +過(guò)去分詞。
過(guò)去分詞不一定指過(guò)去。請(qǐng)看例句：
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式： am/are/is +過(guò)去分詞：
The room is aired regularly.
這個(gè)房間定期通風(fēng)。
The knives are sharpened regularly.
刀定期磨。
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式： was/were +過(guò)去分詞：
She was dressed in red.
她身穿紅色衣服。
The windows were opened this morning.
窗戶今早是開(kāi)著的/被打開(kāi)了。
(3)英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)感情的動(dòng)詞通?？捎糜诒粍?dòng)式，這些動(dòng)詞如
amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等：
She is embarrassed.
她感到尷尬。
They were worried.
他們感到擔(dān)憂。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第142課詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.embarrassed adj.
(1)尷尬的;局促不安的：
He felt so embarrassed at that moment.
在那一刻，他感到如此尷尬。
The girl was very embarrassed to speak in front of so many strangers.
在如此之多的陌生人面前講話，那個(gè)女孩子很是局促不安。
(2)陷入困境的;拮據(jù)的：
He was financially embarrassed.
他經(jīng)濟(jì)上陷入了困境。
He says that he is embarrassed at the moment, but he will be able to pay you next month.
他說(shuō)他目前手頭緊，但下個(gè)月就可以付錢給你。
2.curiously adv.
(1)好奇地：
The little boy watched curiously as his mum opened the box.
那個(gè)小男孩好奇地看著他媽媽打開(kāi)盒子。
(2)過(guò)于好奇地：
She curiously opened the letter addressed to her husband.
她抑制不住好奇心，拆開(kāi)了別人寫給她丈夫的信。
3.kindly adv.
(1)和藹地;親切地：
He treats the children kindly.
他待孩子們和藹而仁慈。
The old man greeted us kindly.
那位老人親切地招呼我們。
(2)請(qǐng)(=please，有時(shí)表示客氣，有時(shí)表示不滿等)：
Will you kindly leave the room?
請(qǐng)你離開(kāi)這房間好嗎?
Kindly acknowledge this letter.
此信收到后請(qǐng)告知。
(3)樂(lè)意地;感謝地：
He never takes criticism kindly.
他從不樂(lè)于接受批評(píng)。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第142課課后練習(xí)答案：
A
1 Sally is four years old.
2 Because Sally had never travelled on a train before.
3 She sat near the window.
4 A middle-aged lady got on the train.
5 The lady was dressed in a blue coat and a large, funny hat.
6 She opened her handbag and took out her powder compact.
Then she began to make up her face.
7 Because she wanted to make herself beautiful.
8 No, she didn't.
B
1 Someone airs it regularly. It is aired regularly.
2 Someone cleans them regularly. They are cleaned regularly.
3 Someone empties it regularly. It is emptied regularly.
4 Someone sharpens it regularly. It is sharpened regularly.
5 Someone turns them on regularly. They are turned on regularly.
6 Someone waters them regularly. They are watered regularly.
7 Someone repairs it regularly. It is repaired regularly.
8 Someone dusts it regularly. It is dusted regularly.
9 Someone corrects them regularly. They are corrected regularly.
10 Someone shuts it regularly. It is shut regularly.
C
1 Someone watered them. They were watered this morning.
2 Someone repaired it. It was repaired this morning.
3 Someone dusted it. It was dusted this morning.
4 Someone corrected them. They were corrected this morning.
5 Someone shut it. It was shut this morning.
6 Someone bought them. They were bought this morning.
7 Someone swept it. It was swept this morning.
8 Someone took them to school. They were taken to school this morning.
9 Someone met them at the station. They were met at the station this morning.
10 Someone told them. They were told this morning.
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)自學(xué)筆記精講解析Lesson143-144
1.I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 我住在一個(gè)由美麗的樹(shù)林環(huán)繞的古老的小鎮(zhèn)上。
這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，which is surrounded by ... 為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾town。which 指代 town 。從句用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，“被......所包圍”，如果將從句獨(dú)立為一個(gè)句子，則為：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.
2. on Sundays 是泛指“在星期天”，而不是指在某個(gè)星期天。
3.hundreds of people，數(shù)以百計(jì)的(游)人。
hundreds of people 復(fù)數(shù)形式表概數(shù)，“數(shù)以......計(jì)的”與 of 連用，作名詞的修飾語(yǔ)，其后面的名詞必然是復(fù)數(shù)形式。
4.to see our town and to walk through the woods. 來(lái)參觀我們的小鎮(zhèn)并在樹(shù)林中散步。
to see our town and to walk through the woods 為不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。
這里用 and 連接的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式。介詞through，“穿過(guò)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)縱深向，如：walk through the forest 穿過(guò)森林：而 across 強(qiáng)調(diào)橫向，如：
walk across the street 橫穿街道
5.Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.游客已被告知要保持樹(shù)林的整潔。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，說(shuō)明需求的行為應(yīng)為游客所知。(句中 have been asked是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。詳見(jiàn)本課語(yǔ)法部分。)to keep the woods clean and tidy 是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)visitors的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。clean and tidy 是賓語(yǔ) the woods 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
clean and tidy 表示“整潔的，清潔的”這是英語(yǔ)中的常用結(jié)構(gòu)，其它常見(jiàn)的類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：black and blue 青一塊紫一塊;happy and gay 高高興興
heart and soul 全心全意，一心一意
6.go for a walk，去散步。
7.What I saw made me very sad.我所見(jiàn)到的一切使我非常難過(guò)。
句中的主語(yǔ) What I saw 是 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句)。例如：
What the little boy did surprised his mother. 那個(gè)小男孩所做的一切使他母親十分驚訝。
What you do makes me happy. 你所做的是我愉快。
8. The litter baskets were empty and ground was covered with pieces of paper，cigarette ends，old tyres，empty bottles and rusty tins.
句中 and 連接的并列句，“the litter baskets were empty” 與“groun was ... 分別為兩個(gè)并列分句，be covered with ... 被 ...... 覆蓋。如：
The desks are covered with dust. 桌子上布滿了灰塵。
The ground was covered with snow. 地上覆蓋著雪。
9. Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!凡在此樹(shù)林里丟垃圾者，將依法處置。
這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，who 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞anyone 。will be prosecuted 為將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Anyone who comes to the party is welcome. 該晚會(huì)來(lái)者不拒。
Anyone who breaks the traffic regulations will be fined. 任何違反交通規(guī)則的人都會(huì)被罰款。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)143-144課文詳注語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn) Grammar in use
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2)
上介紹了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式，這里介紹其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式：
(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式： has/have + been + 過(guò)去分詞：
The basket has already been emptied. 籃子已經(jīng)被騰空了。
They have already been invited. 他們已被邀請(qǐng)。
(2)一般將來(lái)時(shí)形式： will/shall +be +過(guò)去分詞：
The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就會(huì)掃的。
The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就會(huì)磨的。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)143-144課文詳注詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1.place v.
(1)(小心地)放;放置：
He placed the record back to the shelf.
他把唱片放回到架子上。
Their request placed me in a difficult position.
他們的要求將我置于困境。
(2)任命;安置：
The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.
公司任命他在東京的一家分支機(jī)構(gòu)工作。
There is no better way to place the homeless children.
沒(méi)有更好的辦法來(lái)安置這些無(wú)家可歸的孩子們。
2.prosecute v.
(1)起訴，檢舉;依法處置：
Trespassers will be prosecuted.
閑人莫入，違者法辦。
They prosecuted him for shoplifting.
他們起訴他扒竊商店貨物。
(2)〈書(shū)面語(yǔ)〉徹底進(jìn)行;執(zhí)行：
We are going to prosecute the investigation further.
我們將進(jìn)一步徹底進(jìn)行調(diào)查。
3.surround v.
包圍;圍繞：
The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.
那所漂亮的白房子被綠樹(shù)環(huán)繞著。
That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.
那位老教授非常喜歡年輕人圍在他左右。
When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的四周到處都是盒子。
新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)144課課后練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
A
1 The writer lives in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
2 Because it is a famous beauty spot.
3 Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.
4 Litter baskets have been placed under the trees.
5 The writer went for a walk in the woods.
6 Yes, he saw a lot of rubbish.
7 He saw a sign among the rubbish.
8 The sign said, Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted.
B
1 Someone has aired it. It has already been aired.
2 Someone has cleaned them. They have already been cleaned.
3 Someone has emptied it. It has already been emptied.
4 Someone has sharpened it. It has already been sharpened.
5 Someone has turned them on. They have already been turned on.
6 Someone has bought them. They have already been bought.
7 Someone has swept it. It has already been swept.
8 Someone has taken them to school. They have already been taken to school.
9 Someone has invited them. They have already been invited.
10 Someone has told them. They have already been told.