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新概念英語第一冊Lesson37~38語法及單詞解析
語法 Grammar in use
將來時 be going to
(1)將來時be going to的形式由am/is/are going to +動詞原形構成。
(2)將來時be going to的用法
A表示"打算"、"準備"在近做某事。(在非正式語體中,一般多用be going to,而不用will。)
I am going to put it on the floor.
我打算把它放在地板上。
He is going to paint the bookcase tomorrow.
他準備明天給書架刷漆。
B表示按計劃、安排要發(fā)生的事:
The meeting is going to begin at nine.
會議將在9點開始。
Where are you going to build the road?
你們將在什么地方筑路?
C表示預言一件事即將發(fā)生:
The meeting is going to begin at nine.
會議將在9點開始。
It's going to rain!
天要下雨了!
She's going to faint!
她要暈倒了!
(3)be going to的疑問式與否定式
將助動詞be提至句首可將陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?。如?BR> George is going to paint it pink.
喬治打算把它刷成粉紅色。
Is George going to paint it pink?
喬治打算把它刷成粉紅色嗎?
在助動詞后面加上not可以得到否定句。如上句可變?yōu)椋?BR> George is not going to point it pink.
喬治不打算把它刷成粉紅色。
詞匯學習 Word study
1.paint
(1)v.上漆,涂:
What colour is George going to paint it?
喬治準備把它漆成什么顏色的?
(2)v.(用顏料)畫:
Who painted this picture?
這幅畫是誰畫的?
(3)v.描寫;描繪:
His novel paints a peaceful picture of the country life in Europe.
他的小說描繪了有關歐洲鄉(xiāng)村生活的寧靜畫面。
(4)n.油漆;涂料;顏料:
Wet Paint!
油漆未干!
I bought a box of paints.
我買了一盒顏料。
2.work
(1)v.工作;勞動:
He works 45 hours per week.
他每周工作45個小時。
(2)v.從事職業(yè):
He works as a bank clerk.
他是一名銀行職員。
(3)v.學習;做作業(yè):
If you work hard, you'll pass your exams.
如果你用功的話,你就會考試通過。
(4)n. 工作;勞動;作業(yè);職業(yè):
He wants to have a good sleep after a day's work.
在一天的工作之后,他想好好睡上一覺。
The students finished all their work in class.
學生們當堂把全部作業(yè)都完成了。
He is without work.
他失業(yè)了。
新概念英語第一冊Lesson39~40語法及單詞解析
語法 Grammar in use
祈使句的否定縮略式
形式為Don't(或Do not)+動詞原形,如:
Don't wait!
別等了!
Don't speak to me like that!
別那樣跟我講話!
使用祈使句時,重音、語調(diào)、手勢和面部表情,尤其是情境和上下文,都說明這種形式用于表示是否友好、不客氣、憤怒、不耐煩、有說服性等。一般而言,祈使句的否定式通常用Don't來表示,完整形式Do not主要用于正式文告中。
詞匯學習 Word study
1.drop v.
(1)(失手)落下;掉下;放下:
Be careful! Don't drop it.
小心!別摔了。
She dropped her knife and fork and hurried to answer the phone.
她放下刀叉趕緊去接電話。
(2)(使)滴下;滴水:
Tears dropped from her face.
淚珠從她的臉上滑落。
(3)(使)下降;降低:
He dropped his voice.
他把聲音放低了些。
Yesterday the temperature dropped to 8℃ below zero.
昨天氣溫下降到了攝氏零下8度。
2.send v.
(1)送給;寄:
She is going to send a letter to her sister.
她準備給她的姐姐寄封信。
I'll send him a present.
我將給他送去一件禮物。
(2)差遣;命(或請)……去:
He sent his secretary for a doctor.
他派他的秘書去請醫(yī)生了。
Her mother often sends her to the store for some groceries.
她母親經(jīng)常差遣她去商店買些雜貨。
新概念英語第一冊Lesson41~42語法及單詞解析
語法 Grammar in use
there+be結構
當there+be后跟單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時,動詞be的一般現(xiàn)在時形式為is;當后面跟復數(shù)名詞時,動詞用are。如果后跟幾個并列名詞,而第一個名詞是單數(shù),動詞仍用is。there+be后面的名詞是句子的主語。如:
There is a hammer on the bookcase.
書箱上有個鎯頭。(單數(shù)名詞)
There is some tea in the cup.
杯子里有些茶水。(不可數(shù)名詞)
There are three bottles of milk on the table.
桌子上有3瓶牛奶。(不可數(shù)名詞,用復數(shù)量詞修飾)
There is a pen, two books and a knife on the desk.
課桌上有一枝鋼筆、兩本書和一把小刀。(第一個并列名詞是單數(shù))
也請參見第19-20課_Tired and thirsty以及第27-28課_Mrs Smith's living room語法部分。
詞匯學習 Word study
1.bar n.
(1)條;塊:
He has just had a chocolate bar.
他剛剛吃了一塊巧克力。
(2)(門、窗的)閂;桿:
He is now behind bars.
他現(xiàn)在被關在監(jiān)獄里。(bar指窗上裝有鐵柵欄,behind bars是一種非正式固定用語,意為in prison,關在監(jiān)獄里。)
(3)酒吧(間):
The bar is very crowded.
酒吧里人很擁擠。
2.pound n.
(1)磅;常衡磅(分成16盎司,等于0.4536千克,略作1b.);金衡磅(分成12盎司,等于0.3732千克,略作1b. t.):
It weighs 15 pounds.
它的重量為15磅。
Give me a pound of sugar, please.
請給我1磅糖。
(2)英鎊(英國貨幣單位,簡寫為£,全稱為pound sterling):
The shirt costs me £ 20.
買這件襯衣花了我20鎊。
Half a pound of coffee costs one pound.
半磅咖啡的價格是一英鎊。