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新概念英語第三冊Lesson1重點(diǎn)句型解析
1、Where must the puma have come from?
Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.
在英文的表達(dá)方式中，首先呈現(xiàn)給讀者的是結(jié)果(和中文不同) 英文擅長用長句，中文擅長用短句。
-- Pandas are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. (panda n.熊貓)
cat-like 貓一樣的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一樣的 / life-like 栩栩如生的
2、When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
一般來講定語從句和同位語從句緊隨在被修飾名詞的后面，但為了保持句子平衡，也可以把 謂語動詞放到從句之前
1> 定語從句只是對于被修飾詞的補(bǔ)充說明、修飾
-- 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：
-- 指人：主語 who;賓語 who, whom;定語 whose
-- 指物：that(也可以指人)/ which
-- 時(shí)間狀語：when / 地點(diǎn)狀語：where / 原因狀語：why
2> 同位語從句則是講述被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容
-- 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：
-- 名詞(做主語、賓語等)：關(guān)系詞用 that 而不是 which
-- 時(shí)間：when; 地點(diǎn)：where
-- 定語從句中沒有 what 這個(gè)關(guān)系詞，但 what 可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句
-- An idea came to her that she might do the experiment in another way.
-- I have no idea what has happened to him。
3、they were not taken seriously(they指代reports)
take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 認(rèn)真地對待某事
-- I always take your suggestions seriously.
take sth lightly 草率地對待某事 (lightly adv.輕率地)
-- Don’t take the hot potato lightly (hot potato n.棘手的問題)
4、However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the desc riptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
However adv.然而(起轉(zhuǎn)折作用)
As 連詞：隨著, 當(dāng)...之時(shí)
過去分詞做定語：
-- the desc riptions given by people
-- the story told by the sailor (n.海員, 水手, 船員)
-- a book written by Luxun
claim to have done sth 聲稱曾經(jīng)做過某事
-- He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.
5、The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her.
Where a woman picking… 定語從句
-- I still remember the school where I studied English.
6、It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.
Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.確定)
Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非)
-- He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.
7、The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.
search = hunt
Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. 把某物留在后面：leave behind
-- Wherever he went, the wound left behind him a trail of blood.(n.血)
8、Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. 英文表達(dá)方式習(xí)慣用被動語態(tài), 突出客觀事實(shí)。而中文則善于運(yùn)用動作的執(zhí)行者。
puma fur was found clinging to bushes. (被動)
We found the puma fur clinging to bushes. (主動)
-- clinging to bushes 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做賓補(bǔ)
9、Several people complained of "cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.
complain of/about sth 抱怨某事
on+名詞：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行
-- on the rise 在上升 / on the increase 在增加
-- on the watch 在觀看 / on the match 在比賽中
-- on the fishing trip 在釣魚的途中 / on holiday 在度假
10、The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?
Fully(adv.充分地, 完全地)= completely = entirely
11、As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.
sth be in the possession of sb = sth be in sb's possession 某物歸某人所有(主語是物)
-- The beautiful car is in my possession.= The beautiful car is in the possession of me. Sb be in possession of sth 某人擁有某物(主語是人)
-- I am in possession of the beautiful car.(in possession of… 做表語)
-- The person in possession of the big house is excited. (in possession of… 做定語) take possession of… 擁有…
12、The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.
Went on = lasted (last vi.繼續(xù), 持續(xù))
It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
It is disturbing to think that... 一想到…就心理不安
-- It is disturbing to think that I fail my examination
in the quiet countryside 在寧靜的山村
新概念英語第三冊Lesson2重點(diǎn)句型解析
1、Was the vicar pleased that the clock was striking? Why?
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和 always 等頻度副詞搭配時(shí)：表示說話人帶有某種的情感色彩
Tom is always doing homework. 湯姆總是做家庭作業(yè)，怎么也做不完。
Tom always does his homework. 湯姆總是做家庭作業(yè)，不拖欠作業(yè)。
He is always making noises. 他總是吵吵鬧鬧，真煩人。
one or another：表示這樣或那樣
-- for one reason or another 處于這樣或那樣的原因
-- at one time or another 在這樣或那樣的時(shí)間
-- in one way or another 用這樣或那樣的方法
get enough money to do sth 募集足夠的資金做某事
-- I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.
have something done
1>找某人來做某事 -- have the church clock repaired
-- have the plane repaired / -- have hair cut
2>某人所遭受到的意外某種情況(主語必須是發(fā)出動作的人)
-- His wallet was stolen. → He had his wallet stolen.
2、The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.
used to：過去常常做，而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的事情了。
-- He used to smoke every day.
3、One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours!
However -- 在口語中, 主要用于句首;在作文中, 好用在句中、句尾。 要用逗號分隔開來
-- He said that it was so, he was mistaken, however.
He said that it was so, however, he was mistaken.
他說這件事就是如此，然而他弄錯(cuò)了。
-- I know his story, however, I wouldn't like to tell you.
I know his story, I, however, wouldn't like to tell you.
However = Nevertheless (adv. conj.) = Nonetheless (adv.)
Start n.vt.驚跳, 驚起
-- The noise made him started(v.).
-- What a start(n.) you give me. / -- he stood up with a start(n.).
4、Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.
before：...才
-- Nearly a week passed before she could explain what had happened to her.
5、Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.
Armed with a torch... 過去分詞
Looking at his watch… 現(xiàn)在分詞 分詞做狀語/定語的時(shí)候，一定要注意它和邏輯主語要呼應(yīng)一致
6、In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins , our local grocer.
in the torchlight 在手電筒光下 / in the moonlight 在月光下
in the sunshine 在太陽光下 / in the candlelight 在燭光下
非正式用語中 whom 可以省略掉
recognized somebody as… 認(rèn)出某人是…
regard somebody as 認(rèn)為某人是 / think of somebody as 認(rèn)為某人是
treat somebody as 把某人對待為 / have on somebody as 把某人尊敬為
7、Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise.
Whatever 中的 ever 用來加強(qiáng)語氣
8、I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill. 'I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.'
night after night 一夜連著一夜
day after day 一天又一天 / year after year 一年又一年
week after week 一周又一周 / bus after bus 一輛車接著一輛車
9、You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar.
肯定句中常用 do, did, does 加強(qiáng)語氣和情感色彩(一定要位于動詞原形之前)
-- You do like nice today. 你今天看上去確實(shí)很不錯(cuò)。
-- I do like you.
10、You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well.
as well 用在句尾相當(dāng)于 too, 主要用于肯定句中, 但比 too 所表達(dá)的語意更優(yōu)秀。
-- You looked nice yesterday and you look beautiful as well today.
11、Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.'
still 用于句首, 用逗號分隔開來, 表達(dá)一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系：雖然如此, 但是
12、That's the trouble, vicar,’ answered Bill.
'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it."
There is nothing I can do about it = I am at a lose what to do(at a loss adv.困惑)
13、We'll get used to that, Bill,’ said the vicar.
"Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.'
get used to / be used to / be accustomed to / get accustomed to 都表示習(xí)慣于
get 強(qiáng)調(diào)漸近的過程, be 強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣了的狀態(tài)
新概念英語第三冊Lesson3重點(diǎn)句型解析
1、How did the archaeologists knowthat the statue was a goddess?
Some time ago, an interestingdiscovery was made by archaeologists on theAegeanisland of Kea.
some time 1>經(jīng)過若干時(shí)間 2>在未來的某時(shí)
sometime adv.在某一時(shí)候,曾經(jīng), 有一天
sometimes adv.不時(shí), 有時(shí)中文習(xí)慣用主動語態(tài)。
英文習(xí)慣用被動語態(tài)。以事件、結(jié)果、影響、效果為主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)對客觀事實(shí)的陳述。
An American team explored a temple which standsin an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.
which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾限定temple。(which = that)
stand(不及物) = lie(不及物) 位于
=situate(及物) 使位于, 使處于
=locate(及物) 使...坐落于, 位于
whichstands in... = which lies in… = which is located in… = which is situated in... Stand 1>身高 2>表示高高坐落于, 矗立于
-- She stands 1.75m. 她身高1.75 米
--Agreattree stands on the mount. 一棵大樹豎立在山上。
2、The city at one time must havebeen prosperous,forit enjoyed a high level of civilization.
for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：對主句的附加說明和解釋，提供更多的信息。
because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。
--The daybroke for the birds weresinging.
at one time 表達(dá)曾經(jīng),一度(過去時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志, = once)
must have been 對過去事實(shí)肯定的推測
enjoyed a high level of civilization 享有高度文明
3、Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone.They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.
With… 具有…
-- a young manwith broad shoulders / an old lady with black hairbeautifullydecorated過去分詞做定語
-- a beautifullydressed lady衣著漂亮的女士
-- a deserted car park 廢棄的停車場
-- a whitepainted door 被刷成白色的門
現(xiàn)在分詞做定語, 被修飾詞與修飾詞之間為邏輯主動關(guān)系
-- a boyclimbing the tree 正在爬樹的男孩
-- the students reading in the room正在房間里讀書的學(xué)生
4、The city was equipped with a drainage system, fora great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
be equipped with 配備, 裝備 (equip vt.裝備, 配備)
air conditioning 空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置 / airconditioner 空氣調(diào)節(jié)機(jī), 空調(diào)設(shè)備
--The car wasequipped with air conditioning.for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句
在正下方：Beneath = under
-- beneath the narrowstreets = under the narrowstreets
-- He is standing under/beneath the umbrella.
在進(jìn)行中：只能用under
-- under control 控制之中 / under discussion 討論之中 / underrepairs 修理之中
below在下方(強(qiáng)調(diào)在斜下方)
-- She is sitting belowthe window
5、The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times.
be used as / be used to be 把…用作為
--The box was used as a desk in the small village school.
--The woodenbox was used as a bookcase.
be used to do 被用來做…
--The woodenbox is used to contain books
6、In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found.Each of these representeda goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
represent vt.代表
-- I represent all the classmates.
7、The body of onestatue was found among remainsdating from the fifteenth centuryB.C.
dating 現(xiàn)在分詞, 修飾remains
date from=date back to (開始于…, 起始于…)
--The customdating from1990.(custom n.習(xí)慣, 風(fēng)俗)
--The tradition dates fromthe timewhen his grandfather was young.
--The castle dates fromthe 14th century. =The castledates back to the 14th century.
城堡建造于14 世紀(jì)
8、Its missing head happened to be among remainsof the fifth century B.C.
happen to 偶然, 碰巧(強(qiáng)調(diào)事情的偶然發(fā)生)
-- I happen to havedriven that kind of car. 我恰巧開過那種車。
-- He happened to find the ticket in hispocket.
It happens that +從句
-- It happened that I met her on my way to work.
= I happened to meet heron my way work.happenon 碰巧碰上
-- I happened on thisold picture in the back of the drawer.
我偶然的在抽屜的背面發(fā)現(xiàn)了這張舊照片。
-- Guess, whodid I happen on while I was in London last month?
9、This head must have been found in Classicaltimes and carefully preserved.It was very old and precious even then.
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be avery modern-looking woman.
Reconstruct = put together,piece together, restore(vt.恢復(fù), 使回復(fù))
Amazed = very muchsurprised
surprised > astonished> amazed > astounded 感到驚訝(語氣遞增)
to find... / to discover... / to realize... / to see…
-- I'mnotsurprised to see you here
1> turn out…(表示結(jié)果)結(jié)果是, 原來是 (= prove, 都表示系動詞)
turn out (to be)+n./adj.
--The concert turned out to be a failure.
-- Our party turned out (to be) a success. 我們的聚會非常的成功。
2> It turned out + that從句 (it 作形式主語)
It turned out +其它名詞從句
-- It turned out thatthe diamonds had been in the bankall the time.
原來鉆石一直都在銀行里保存著。
-- It turned out thathis statement was false. 原來他的話是假的。
3> as it turns out… 后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn)…
--Asit turned out, there was no need to worry. 后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn), 沒有必要擔(dān)心。
--Asit turned out, the report was mistaken. 后來人們發(fā)現(xiàn), 報(bào)告被弄錯(cuò)了
10、She stood three feet high and her hands rested on herhips.
rest on v.被擱在, 停留在, 信賴
= depend on(依靠, 依賴)/ leanon(靠著)
-- His hand rested lightlyon myshoulder
11、She was wearinga full-length skirt which swept the ground.
which sweptthe ground 近一步說明拖地的，拽地的
12、Despite hergreat age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologistshave been unable to discoverheridentity.
But, so far, the archaeologists have been unableto discover her identity.
= It is still aproblemfor the archaeologists up tonow. Despite= in spite of(兩者都是介詞)，后面+ 名詞/動名詞 so far, up to now完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志
discover her identity= find out her identity