英語的基礎(chǔ)就是從單詞起步到句子，所謂的句子練習(xí)，它包含了你對(duì)單詞的認(rèn)知，包含了你對(duì)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的認(rèn)知，包含了你口語能力的認(rèn)知，句子練習(xí)可以讓你知道，用英語思維說話是什么樣的。以下是整理的《小學(xué)生必備英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)》，希望幫助到您。
【語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
A、表示不受時(shí)限的客觀存在如：He is a boy. She is a student.
My mother is anurse. This is a dog. I have a book.
B、表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，即指現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里某種動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性。它常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用，
如：often(經(jīng)常) , usually(通常，一般) , sometimes(有時(shí)) ,
always(總是，一直) , never(從不)
如：I often go to school on foot.
My father works in a school.
Mike watches TV every day.
I usually playcomputer games on the weekend.
C、表示現(xiàn)時(shí)的狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作.如：How are you? You look happy. What’s the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.
注意英語動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)與原形同形。但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，須在詞尾加s 或 -es。例如：I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的動(dòng)詞必須是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母結(jié)尾的。如：watches , teaches ,goes , washes
2、一般將來時(shí)
表示在將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事或動(dòng)作。它常與表示將來的時(shí)間連用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year ,this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等
注意 一般將來時(shí)小學(xué)階段主要學(xué)了兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：
①be going to + 動(dòng)詞的原形 / 地點(diǎn)
②will + 動(dòng)詞的原形
例句： I’m going to go shopping thisafternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky.
3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
注意它的構(gòu)成是：be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式(am , is , are)加動(dòng)詞的ing形式。
如：What are you doing? I’m writing a letter. What arethey doing? They’re swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book.
注意動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
③ 雙寫后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有：running , swimming, sitting , getting
4、一般過去時(shí)
主要用來表示在特定過去時(shí)間中完成的動(dòng)作或一度存在的狀態(tài)，也可表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。它與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。它經(jīng)常與表示過去的時(shí)間連用。如：I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.
注意一般過去時(shí)主要體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的形式要用過去式，動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：
A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed ;如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d ;如 lived, danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed (此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study –studied carry – carried worry – worried (play、stay除外)④ 雙寫后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式：
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did ,
go – went , take– took , get – got , read – read , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , tell – told , come – came , drink – drank
【常考知識(shí)】
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
can;can’t;should;shouldn’t;must;may后一定加動(dòng)詞原形。
如：The girl can’t swim，but he can skate.
女孩不會(huì)游泳，但是會(huì)滑冰。
Don’t talk in class，you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要在課上說話，你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講。
祈使句
肯定祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開頭;否定祈使句以don’t加動(dòng)詞原形開頭。
如：Open the box for me，please.
請(qǐng)為我打開盒子。
Liu Tao!Please get up earlier tomorrow.
劉濤，明天請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)起床!
Don’t walk on the grass!
不要在草地上走!
Helen!Don’t climb the tree，please.
海倫!不要爬樹。
go的用法
去干嘛用go+動(dòng)詞ing
如：go swimming;
go fishing;
go skating;
go camping;
go running;
go skiing;
go rowing...
比較
than前用比較級(jí);as...as之間用原級(jí)。
如：My mother is two years younger than my father.
我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。
Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.
劉濤跳得和本一樣遠(yuǎn)。
【易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
連詞用法
1. 和我不一樣，她對(duì)英語很精通。
× Different from me, she is proficient in English.
√ Unlike me, she is proficient in English.
2. 莫妮卡，借我點(diǎn)錢吧，比方說500美元。
× Lend me some money, for instance 500 dollars, Monika.
√ Lend me some money, say 500 dollars, Monika.
3. 去年夏天我本想去歐洲，但費(fèi)用太高于是放棄了。
× I wanted to go to Europe last summer, but it was too expensive so I gave up to go.
√ I wanted to go to Europe last summer, but it was too expensive so I gave up the idea.
4. 我就是這樣做的。
× This is the way how I did it.
√ This is how I did it. or This is the way I did it.
5. 我來這兒的路上遇到了交通事故，所以遲到了。
× There was a traffic accident on my way here. It is why I was late.
√ There was a traffic accident on my way here. That is why I was late.
6. 他們不理解我的想法。
× hey didn't understand my mind.
√ They didn't understand what I was thinking.
7. 無論是他們還是我都不對(duì)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤負(fù)責(zé)。
× Neither they nor I are to blame for this mistake.
√ Neither they nor I am to blame for this mistake.
副詞用法
1. 去哪兒都行。
× Anywhere will do.
√ Any place will do.
2. 會(huì)議定在今天下午3點(diǎn)召開。
× The general meeting is scheduled to be held this afternoon at three.
√ The general meeting is scheduled to be held at three this afternoon.
3. 昨天早上在費(fèi)爾大街，她偶遇了她的男朋友。
× She ran into her boyfriend yesterday morning in Fair Avenue.
√ She ran into her boyfriend in Fair Avenue yesterday morning.
4. 不要對(duì)我抱太多期望。
× Don't expect me too much.
√ Don't expect too much from (of) me.
5. 給我點(diǎn)錢吧，如果你有的話。
× Give me money, if you have.
√ Give me money, if you have any.
6. 他待我十分友好。
× He treated me very friendly.
√ He treated me in a friendly way.
【語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
A、表示不受時(shí)限的客觀存在如：He is a boy. She is a student.
My mother is anurse. This is a dog. I have a book.
B、表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，即指現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里某種動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性。它常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用，
如：often(經(jīng)常) , usually(通常，一般) , sometimes(有時(shí)) ,
always(總是，一直) , never(從不)
如：I often go to school on foot.
My father works in a school.
Mike watches TV every day.
I usually playcomputer games on the weekend.
C、表示現(xiàn)時(shí)的狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作.如：How are you? You look happy. What’s the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.
注意英語動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)與原形同形。但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，須在詞尾加s 或 -es。例如：I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的動(dòng)詞必須是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母結(jié)尾的。如：watches , teaches ,goes , washes
2、一般將來時(shí)
表示在將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事或動(dòng)作。它常與表示將來的時(shí)間連用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year ,this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等
注意 一般將來時(shí)小學(xué)階段主要學(xué)了兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：
①be going to + 動(dòng)詞的原形 / 地點(diǎn)
②will + 動(dòng)詞的原形
例句： I’m going to go shopping thisafternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky.
3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
注意它的構(gòu)成是：be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式(am , is , are)加動(dòng)詞的ing形式。
如：What are you doing? I’m writing a letter. What arethey doing? They’re swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book.
注意動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
③ 雙寫后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有：running , swimming, sitting , getting
4、一般過去時(shí)
主要用來表示在特定過去時(shí)間中完成的動(dòng)作或一度存在的狀態(tài)，也可表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。它與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。它經(jīng)常與表示過去的時(shí)間連用。如：I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.
注意一般過去時(shí)主要體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的形式要用過去式，動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：
A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed ;如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d ;如 lived, danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed (此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study –studied carry – carried worry – worried (play、stay除外)④ 雙寫后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式：
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did ,
go – went , take– took , get – got , read – read , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , tell – told , come – came , drink – drank
【常考知識(shí)】
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
can;can’t;should;shouldn’t;must;may后一定加動(dòng)詞原形。
如：The girl can’t swim，but he can skate.
女孩不會(huì)游泳，但是會(huì)滑冰。
Don’t talk in class，you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要在課上說話，你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講。
祈使句
肯定祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開頭;否定祈使句以don’t加動(dòng)詞原形開頭。
如：Open the box for me，please.
請(qǐng)為我打開盒子。
Liu Tao!Please get up earlier tomorrow.
劉濤，明天請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)起床!
Don’t walk on the grass!
不要在草地上走!
Helen!Don’t climb the tree，please.
海倫!不要爬樹。
go的用法
去干嘛用go+動(dòng)詞ing
如：go swimming;
go fishing;
go skating;
go camping;
go running;
go skiing;
go rowing...
比較
than前用比較級(jí);as...as之間用原級(jí)。
如：My mother is two years younger than my father.
我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。
Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.
劉濤跳得和本一樣遠(yuǎn)。
【易錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
連詞用法
1. 和我不一樣，她對(duì)英語很精通。
× Different from me, she is proficient in English.
√ Unlike me, she is proficient in English.
2. 莫妮卡，借我點(diǎn)錢吧，比方說500美元。
× Lend me some money, for instance 500 dollars, Monika.
√ Lend me some money, say 500 dollars, Monika.
3. 去年夏天我本想去歐洲，但費(fèi)用太高于是放棄了。
× I wanted to go to Europe last summer, but it was too expensive so I gave up to go.
√ I wanted to go to Europe last summer, but it was too expensive so I gave up the idea.
4. 我就是這樣做的。
× This is the way how I did it.
√ This is how I did it. or This is the way I did it.
5. 我來這兒的路上遇到了交通事故，所以遲到了。
× There was a traffic accident on my way here. It is why I was late.
√ There was a traffic accident on my way here. That is why I was late.
6. 他們不理解我的想法。
× hey didn't understand my mind.
√ They didn't understand what I was thinking.
7. 無論是他們還是我都不對(duì)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤負(fù)責(zé)。
× Neither they nor I are to blame for this mistake.
√ Neither they nor I am to blame for this mistake.
副詞用法
1. 去哪兒都行。
× Anywhere will do.
√ Any place will do.
2. 會(huì)議定在今天下午3點(diǎn)召開。
× The general meeting is scheduled to be held this afternoon at three.
√ The general meeting is scheduled to be held at three this afternoon.
3. 昨天早上在費(fèi)爾大街，她偶遇了她的男朋友。
× She ran into her boyfriend yesterday morning in Fair Avenue.
√ She ran into her boyfriend in Fair Avenue yesterday morning.
4. 不要對(duì)我抱太多期望。
× Don't expect me too much.
√ Don't expect too much from (of) me.
5. 給我點(diǎn)錢吧，如果你有的話。
× Give me money, if you have.
√ Give me money, if you have any.
6. 他待我十分友好。
× He treated me very friendly.
√ He treated me in a friendly way.