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課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.…but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.……但是近來情況變得越發(fā)糟糕,以致他決定節(jié)食。
(1)things(要用復數(shù)形式)可以表示“情況”、“情形”、“狀況”、“形勢”等含義:
You've surely made things worse.
你確實使情況變得更糟了。
How are things going on with you?
你那里情況如何?
(2)get作不及物動詞時可以表示“變得”:
I got interested in French.
我(變得)對法語感興趣了。
I got angry with him.
我(變得)對他很生氣。
(3)diet用于表示治療某種疾病或調節(jié)體重的“特種飲食”、“規(guī)定飲食”時通常與on連用:
The doctor put him on a strict diet.
醫(yī)生讓他嚴格控制飲食。
She is on a diet.
她正在節(jié)食。
I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.
我曾經(jīng)節(jié)食過一周,然后就放棄了。
2.First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.首先,他開列了一張長長的單子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物。
(1)first of all為固定短語,表示“首先”、“第一”:
First of all I must see your passport.
首先我必須看一下你的護照。
(2)write out這個短語表示“(正式)寫”、“寫出”或“全部寫出”:
You should write out a report.
你應該寫一份報告。
3.The list included most of the things Hugh loves…這張單子上的大多數(shù)食物都是休喜歡吃的……
It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
里面裝了5大塊巧克力和3袋糖果!
include和contain都有“包含”的意思,但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物,include則只表示其中的一部分:
It included three bags of sweets.
其中有3袋糖果。(另外還有其他東西)
contain的主語通常為某個容器,include則含義更廣:
Does the bill include a tip?
賬單包括小費嗎?
We're including you in our team.
我們把你列為我們隊中的一員了。
4.Yesterday I paid him a visit.昨天我去看望了他。
pay a visit to sb. 表示“拜訪某人”:
I paid a visit to Jane the other day.
前幾天我去看望了簡。
5.…Hugh was still as fat as ever.……休仍和往常一樣胖。
as ever是as he ever was的省略形式。as…as ever這個結構表示“照舊”、“依然”:
He is as strong as ever.
他依然那么強壯。
6.It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.顯然他感到很尷尬。
it為先行主語,真正的句子主語是that引導的從句,它在句子中起名詞的作用。從句作主語時通常前面用先行主語it,以免句子看上去頭重腳輕:
It is certain now that he'll come on Monday.
現(xiàn)在可以肯定他星期一將會來。
語法 Grammar in use
一般過去時
在第3課及第27課的語法中我們都學習了一般過去時。在一段文字中,初次使用一般過去時的時候通常要有明確的時間狀語,隨后的敘述則可以不一定使用時間狀語;如果不加before,
after等詞語,過去的動作就被認為是按所描述的順序發(fā)生的:
One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
一天下午,她乘小船從海岸出發(fā),遇上了風暴。天將黑時,小船撞在了一塊礁石上,姑娘跳進了海里。
與一般過去時常用的兩個詞是once和recently:
I went on an excursion recently.
近我作了短途旅行。
recently在表示“近一段時期”時也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時連用:
I haven't heard from him recently.
我近沒有收到他的信。
一般過去時也可以用于時間狀語從句中:
When did she haer a noise?
她什么時候聽到響聲的?
She heard it when she walked forward.
她在向前走時聽到的。
一般過去時可以用于與近的打算比較時:
Are they going to see a film?
他們打算看一場電影嗎?
I don't expect so.They saw one last week.
我想他們不會。他們上個星期剛看過。
課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1.…but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.……但是近來情況變得越發(fā)糟糕,以致他決定節(jié)食。
(1)things(要用復數(shù)形式)可以表示“情況”、“情形”、“狀況”、“形勢”等含義:
You've surely made things worse.
你確實使情況變得更糟了。
How are things going on with you?
你那里情況如何?
(2)get作不及物動詞時可以表示“變得”:
I got interested in French.
我(變得)對法語感興趣了。
I got angry with him.
我(變得)對他很生氣。
(3)diet用于表示治療某種疾病或調節(jié)體重的“特種飲食”、“規(guī)定飲食”時通常與on連用:
The doctor put him on a strict diet.
醫(yī)生讓他嚴格控制飲食。
She is on a diet.
她正在節(jié)食。
I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up.
我曾經(jīng)節(jié)食過一周,然后就放棄了。
2.First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.首先,他開列了一張長長的單子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物。
(1)first of all為固定短語,表示“首先”、“第一”:
First of all I must see your passport.
首先我必須看一下你的護照。
(2)write out這個短語表示“(正式)寫”、“寫出”或“全部寫出”:
You should write out a report.
你應該寫一份報告。
3.The list included most of the things Hugh loves…這張單子上的大多數(shù)食物都是休喜歡吃的……
It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
里面裝了5大塊巧克力和3袋糖果!
include和contain都有“包含”的意思,但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物,include則只表示其中的一部分:
It included three bags of sweets.
其中有3袋糖果。(另外還有其他東西)
contain的主語通常為某個容器,include則含義更廣:
Does the bill include a tip?
賬單包括小費嗎?
We're including you in our team.
我們把你列為我們隊中的一員了。
4.Yesterday I paid him a visit.昨天我去看望了他。
pay a visit to sb. 表示“拜訪某人”:
I paid a visit to Jane the other day.
前幾天我去看望了簡。
5.…Hugh was still as fat as ever.……休仍和往常一樣胖。
as ever是as he ever was的省略形式。as…as ever這個結構表示“照舊”、“依然”:
He is as strong as ever.
他依然那么強壯。
6.It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.顯然他感到很尷尬。
it為先行主語,真正的句子主語是that引導的從句,它在句子中起名詞的作用。從句作主語時通常前面用先行主語it,以免句子看上去頭重腳輕:
It is certain now that he'll come on Monday.
現(xiàn)在可以肯定他星期一將會來。
語法 Grammar in use
一般過去時
在第3課及第27課的語法中我們都學習了一般過去時。在一段文字中,初次使用一般過去時的時候通常要有明確的時間狀語,隨后的敘述則可以不一定使用時間狀語;如果不加before,
after等詞語,過去的動作就被認為是按所描述的順序發(fā)生的:
One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
一天下午,她乘小船從海岸出發(fā),遇上了風暴。天將黑時,小船撞在了一塊礁石上,姑娘跳進了海里。
與一般過去時常用的兩個詞是once和recently:
I went on an excursion recently.
近我作了短途旅行。
recently在表示“近一段時期”時也可以與現(xiàn)在完成時連用:
I haven't heard from him recently.
我近沒有收到他的信。
一般過去時也可以用于時間狀語從句中:
When did she haer a noise?
她什么時候聽到響聲的?
She heard it when she walked forward.
她在向前走時聽到的。
一般過去時可以用于與近的打算比較時:
Are they going to see a film?
他們打算看一場電影嗎?
I don't expect so.They saw one last week.
我想他們不會。他們上個星期剛看過。