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副詞可修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及整個(gè)句子。
例句： Andrew, my fathers younger brother, will not be at the picnic, much to the familys disappointment. (1997年第3題)
分析： 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句，其中副詞much修飾介詞短語(yǔ)to the familys disappointment。
譯文： 我父親的弟弟安德魯不會(huì)參加野餐，這令全家人非常失望。
一、副詞的分類(lèi)
1. 時(shí)間副詞，如now, yesterday, today, ago, then, lately, soon, shortly, immediately, finally, recently, before, tomorrow。
例句: Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. (選自2004年Text 4)
分析： 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。
譯文： 現(xiàn)在美國(guó)人不重視智力。
2. 地點(diǎn)副詞，如here, there, above, below, downstairs, upstairs, home, somewhere, everywhere, elsewhere, down, up, anywhere等。
例句： Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. (選自2002年Text 1)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，兩個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾an example和a story，前一個(gè) which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。
譯文： 比如說(shuō)，在一次護(hù)士大會(huì)上，我聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)能很好地發(fā)揮幽默效果的故事，因?yàn)樗械穆?tīng)眾都對(duì)醫(yī)生持有相同的看法。
3. 程度副詞，如fairly, rather, very, almost, too, quite, enough, so, much。
例句: She had clearly no intention of doing any work, although she was very well paid.(1997年第34題)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，although后面跟的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
譯文： 雖然付給她的報(bào)酬豐厚，但她無(wú)意去工作。
4. 頻率副詞，如sometimes, often, usually, always, frequently, constantly, rarely, seldom, never, occasionally。
例句： In addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design builtin furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.
分析： 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句，其中builtin意為“內(nèi)嵌式的”。在方式狀語(yǔ)中，that need to be served為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the functions。
譯文： 此外，根據(jù)需要滿(mǎn)足的功能，設(shè)計(jì)者通常必須選擇家具或設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)嵌式家具。
5.方式副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的方式，如quickly，fast，slowly，suddenly，carefully， well, properly, roughly, angrily, rudely。
例句： You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look like the inside of a restaurant.
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，if引導(dǎo)的從句表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
譯文： 如果你的臥室內(nèi)部突然變得和飯店內(nèi)部一樣，你可能會(huì)大吃一驚。
6.疑問(wèn)副詞，如when, where， how， why, who。
例句： So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? (選自2002年Text 3)
分析： 該句是特殊疑問(wèn)句。動(dòng)詞warn的ing形式作headlines的后置定語(yǔ)，表示一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
譯文： 那么這次警告人們經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條到來(lái)的頭版新聞?dòng)衷谀膬耗?
7.關(guān)系副詞，如when，where，why。
例句： Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up.
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，主句是it is hard to imagine...。其中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是to imagine that...to competition; that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S.是定語(yǔ)從句修飾the same threats; when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up是非限制定語(yǔ)從句修飾a century ago。
譯文： 然而，目前幾家石油公司的合并是否再次給競(jìng)爭(zhēng)帶來(lái)威脅難以預(yù)料。因?yàn)槊绹?guó)一個(gè)世紀(jì)前曾由于合并引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)危機(jī)，造成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)石油托拉斯的解體。
8.連接副詞，如therefore, then, however, otherwise, hence, so, moreover, yet, consequently, besides, nevertheless, when, where, why, how。
例句： It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. (選自2002年Use of English)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century。 followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s作定語(yǔ)修飾the introduction。 although its impact on the media...是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
譯文： 然而，人們普遍認(rèn)為，20世紀(jì)初出現(xiàn)的計(jì)算機(jī)以及隨后在20世紀(jì)60年代發(fā)明的集成電路盡管對(duì)傳媒的影響沒(méi)有立即顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，但卻徹底改變了發(fā)展進(jìn)程。
9.否定副詞，如rarely，seldom，hardly，scarcely，never。
例句：The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonnaandchild image on newsstands this week. (選自2011年Text 4)
分析：該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。其中，分詞短語(yǔ)showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby和 holding a cute baby分別作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾cover和mother。
譯文：展現(xiàn)“魅力媽媽?xiě)驯Э蓯?ài)寶寶”的雜志封面并非本周報(bào)攤上對(duì)“圣母與圣子”形象的描述。
例句： Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. (選自2008年Text 3)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，主干部分是Growth demands calories and nutrients to feed expanding tissues。which rarely continues beyond the age of 20是修飾主語(yǔ)growth的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。后面的破折號(hào)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。
譯文： 20歲后很少有人再繼續(xù)長(zhǎng)高，長(zhǎng)高需要熱量和營(yíng)養(yǎng)，特別是蛋白質(zhì)，以滿(mǎn)足身體組織生長(zhǎng)的需求。
副詞可修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及整個(gè)句子。
例句： Andrew, my fathers younger brother, will not be at the picnic, much to the familys disappointment. (1997年第3題)
分析： 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句，其中副詞much修飾介詞短語(yǔ)to the familys disappointment。
譯文： 我父親的弟弟安德魯不會(huì)參加野餐，這令全家人非常失望。
一、副詞的分類(lèi)
1. 時(shí)間副詞，如now, yesterday, today, ago, then, lately, soon, shortly, immediately, finally, recently, before, tomorrow。
例句: Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. (選自2004年Text 4)
分析： 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。
譯文： 現(xiàn)在美國(guó)人不重視智力。
2. 地點(diǎn)副詞，如here, there, above, below, downstairs, upstairs, home, somewhere, everywhere, elsewhere, down, up, anywhere等。
例句： Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. (選自2002年Text 1)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，兩個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句分別修飾an example和a story，前一個(gè) which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。
譯文： 比如說(shuō)，在一次護(hù)士大會(huì)上，我聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)能很好地發(fā)揮幽默效果的故事，因?yàn)樗械穆?tīng)眾都對(duì)醫(yī)生持有相同的看法。
3. 程度副詞，如fairly, rather, very, almost, too, quite, enough, so, much。
例句: She had clearly no intention of doing any work, although she was very well paid.(1997年第34題)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，although后面跟的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
譯文： 雖然付給她的報(bào)酬豐厚，但她無(wú)意去工作。
4. 頻率副詞，如sometimes, often, usually, always, frequently, constantly, rarely, seldom, never, occasionally。
例句： In addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design builtin furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.
分析： 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句，其中builtin意為“內(nèi)嵌式的”。在方式狀語(yǔ)中，that need to be served為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the functions。
譯文： 此外，根據(jù)需要滿(mǎn)足的功能，設(shè)計(jì)者通常必須選擇家具或設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)嵌式家具。
5.方式副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的方式，如quickly，fast，slowly，suddenly，carefully， well, properly, roughly, angrily, rudely。
例句： You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look like the inside of a restaurant.
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，if引導(dǎo)的從句表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
譯文： 如果你的臥室內(nèi)部突然變得和飯店內(nèi)部一樣，你可能會(huì)大吃一驚。
6.疑問(wèn)副詞，如when, where， how， why, who。
例句： So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? (選自2002年Text 3)
分析： 該句是特殊疑問(wèn)句。動(dòng)詞warn的ing形式作headlines的后置定語(yǔ)，表示一種主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
譯文： 那么這次警告人們經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條到來(lái)的頭版新聞?dòng)衷谀膬耗?
7.關(guān)系副詞，如when，where，why。
例句： Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up.
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，主句是it is hard to imagine...。其中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是to imagine that...to competition; that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S.是定語(yǔ)從句修飾the same threats; when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up是非限制定語(yǔ)從句修飾a century ago。
譯文： 然而，目前幾家石油公司的合并是否再次給競(jìng)爭(zhēng)帶來(lái)威脅難以預(yù)料。因?yàn)槊绹?guó)一個(gè)世紀(jì)前曾由于合并引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)危機(jī)，造成了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)石油托拉斯的解體。
8.連接副詞，如therefore, then, however, otherwise, hence, so, moreover, yet, consequently, besides, nevertheless, when, where, why, how。
例句： It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. (選自2002年Use of English)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century。 followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s作定語(yǔ)修飾the introduction。 although its impact on the media...是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
譯文： 然而，人們普遍認(rèn)為，20世紀(jì)初出現(xiàn)的計(jì)算機(jī)以及隨后在20世紀(jì)60年代發(fā)明的集成電路盡管對(duì)傳媒的影響沒(méi)有立即顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，但卻徹底改變了發(fā)展進(jìn)程。
9.否定副詞，如rarely，seldom，hardly，scarcely，never。
例句：The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonnaandchild image on newsstands this week. (選自2011年Text 4)
分析：該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。其中，分詞短語(yǔ)showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby和 holding a cute baby分別作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾cover和mother。
譯文：展現(xiàn)“魅力媽媽?xiě)驯Э蓯?ài)寶寶”的雜志封面并非本周報(bào)攤上對(duì)“圣母與圣子”形象的描述。
例句： Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. (選自2008年Text 3)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句，主干部分是Growth demands calories and nutrients to feed expanding tissues。which rarely continues beyond the age of 20是修飾主語(yǔ)growth的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。后面的破折號(hào)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。
譯文： 20歲后很少有人再繼續(xù)長(zhǎng)高，長(zhǎng)高需要熱量和營(yíng)養(yǎng)，特別是蛋白質(zhì)，以滿(mǎn)足身體組織生長(zhǎng)的需求。