英語零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)好新概念:關(guān)系代詞篇

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    世界上最遙遠的距離不是生與死,而是你說英語我卻聽不懂!看到別人可以與外國友人輕松愉快的交流,你不羨慕嗎?心動不如行動!一起加入學(xué)習(xí)的陣營中吧!為您整理了以下內(nèi)容,僅供參考。希望可以幫助到您!如果您想要了解更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容,歡迎關(guān)注!
    一、定義
    所謂關(guān)系代詞,就是指用于引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞。我們之所以把這類代詞叫做關(guān)系代詞,是因為它們具有關(guān)聯(lián)作用,能把所引導(dǎo)的從句與從句所修飾的詞語(即先行詞)聯(lián)系起來。
    英語中常用的關(guān)系代詞有:which、that、who、whom、whose。根據(jù)這些代詞在句中的句法功能,可以把它們分為主格、賓格和所有格三類,即:
    主格:which、that、who
    賓格:which、that、who、whom
    所有格:whose
    二、用法例解
    (一)which
    which引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中既可以作主語,也可以做賓語。如:
    Yesterday I lost the book which my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift. (作賓語)
    Yesterday I lost the book which had been given to me by my English teacher as a birthday gift. (作主語)
    【注意】
    1、當(dāng)which在從句中作賓語時,可以省略。如:
    Yesterday I lost the book my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift.2、which也可以用來連接非限定性定語從句。如:
    Yesterday I left Alice Springs, which is a small town in the center of Australia.3、which可以與介詞一起使用,在從句中作狀語,相當(dāng)于一個關(guān)系副詞。如:
    Yesterday I left Alice Springs, in which there is a big desert park.句中的in which就相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where,可以用where來替換。
    (二)that
    that引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中既可以作主語,也可以作賓語。如:
    This is the dictionary that has helped me a lot in my English study. (作主語)
    This is the dictionary that you are looking for. (作賓語)【注意】
    1、當(dāng)that在從句中作主語時,經(jīng)??梢杂脀hich來替換。如:
    This is the dictionary which has helped me a lot in my English study.但也有很多情況只能用that,之后我會在專門分享定語從句的時候再跟大家詳細梳理。
    2、當(dāng)that在從句中作賓語時,也可以用which來替換,而且經(jīng)常會省略。如:
    This is the dictionary you are looking for.不過,跟that作主語的情況一樣,也有很多情況下,關(guān)系代詞只能that,不能用which的下次再作詳細分享。
    3、that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。如:
    錯誤:This is the dictionary, that cost me five dollars.句中的that要改為which。
    (三)who
    who引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語。如:
    He is the man who called me four times yesterday.【注意】
    1、who有時也會在從句中作賓語,相當(dāng)于whom。如:
    He is the man who you talked about yesterday.句中的who其實是作about的賓語,可以省略。
    但是,如果在介詞后面,則必須用whom。我們之后再分享定語從句的內(nèi)容時,會再詳細講解,在此不做贅述。
    2、who也能用來引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。如:
    His brother, who is a teacher, is always kind to others.
    (四)whom
    whom是who的賓格形式,在定語從句中只能作賓語。如:
    She is the woman whom I served just now.
    句中的whom因為是作賓語的,所以可以省略。
    【注意】
    1、如果whom緊跟在介詞后面,則不能省略。如:
    She is the woman to whom I talked just now.2、whom也可以用來引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。如:
    The doctor, whom you admire, will visit our hospital tomorrow.
    (五)whose
    因為whose是所有格形式,表示所屬關(guān)系,所以在實際使用中,whose后面會緊跟一個名詞,才能引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:
    She lives in a room whose window opens to the north.【注意】
    “whose+名詞”也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。如:
    The driver, whose back was badly injured, was sent to the hospital nearby at once.