新概念英語第一冊must的用法

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    為了方便同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí),新東方在線新概念英語網(wǎng)為大家整理了新概念英語第一冊must的用法,新概念英語作為一套世界聞名的英語教程,以其全新的教學(xué)理念,有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓(xùn)練,深受廣大英語學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎和喜愛。以下是由整理的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。希望以下內(nèi)容能夠?yàn)榇蠹业男赂拍钣⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助!
    一、《新概念英語》中的must
    在《新概念英語》經(jīng)典版中,must出現(xiàn)的頻率較高,分別出現(xiàn)在第一冊第43-46課、第61-66課、第77-80課、第125-132課以及第二冊第17課、第41課、第65課、第89課。
    must比較常見的用法是:表義務(wù)或要求等的“必須”;表猜測的“肯定,一定”。
    二、表義務(wù)或要求等
    這時,must表示“必須”。如:
    肯定句:He must have some water after the heavy work.
    否定句:He needn't have any water after the heavy work.
    一般疑問句及其回答:Must he have any water after the heavy work? Yes, he must. / No, he needn't.
    劃線部分提問:What must he do after the heavy work?(假如劃線部分為have some water的話)
    【注意】
    (一)mustn't與needn't
    很多學(xué)生一說到must的否定,首先想到的一般都是mustn't。所以,老師需要提醒學(xué)生注意:must表必須時的否定形式是needn't(不必),而不是mustn't(禁止,不能)。
    (二)must與have to
    雖然have to(不得不,必須)經(jīng)常被歸到情態(tài)動詞里,但其實(shí)have to并不是情態(tài)動詞,這里的have其實(shí)是實(shí)義動詞,從句子功能來講,就跟work或play等動詞的基本用法是一樣的。它與must的區(qū)別主要有:
    1、must沒有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,而have to有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。如:
    must:She must go home right away.
    have to:She has to go home right away.
    再比如:
    must:She must attend the meeting yesterday.
    have to:She had to attend the meeting yesterday.
    2、因?yàn)閙ust沒有時態(tài)的變化,而have to有,所以在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中,要注意兩者的區(qū)別。如:
    1)must
    肯定句:She must attend the meeting yesterday.
    否定句:She needn't attend the meeting yesterday.
    一般疑問句及其回答:Must she attend the meeting yesterday? Yes, she must. / No, she needn't.
    劃線部分提問:What must she do yesterday? (假如劃線部分為attend the meeting的話)
    2)have to
    肯定句:She had to attend the meeting yesterday.
    否定句:She didn't have to attend the meeting yesterday.
    一般疑問句及其回答:Did she have to attend the meeting yesterday? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
    劃線部分提問:What did she have to do yesterday? (假如劃線部分為attend the meeting的話)
    3、must多表示主觀需要或責(zé)任感的驅(qū)使,認(rèn)為有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事,一般譯為“必須”,而have to多表示客觀存在的環(huán)境所限,即客觀要求而無奈為之,一般譯為“不得不做某事”。如:
    主觀認(rèn)為、無人*:I must clean the kitchen because it is too dirty. (因?yàn)樘K了,我必須要打掃房間。)
    客觀所逼、不得不做:I have to do my homework now.(我現(xiàn)在不得不做作業(yè)。)
    4、盡管have to與must存在以上區(qū)別,在must的否定句以及一般疑問句的否定回答中,也經(jīng)??梢杂胔ave to來替換needn't。如:
    肯定句:She must attend the meeting yesterday.
    否定句:She needn't/doesn't have to attend the meeting yesterday.
    一般疑問句及其回答:Must she attend the meeting yesterday? Yes, she must. / No, she needn't/doesn't have to.
    三、表猜測
    我們在“情態(tài)動詞can的考點(diǎn)用法”一文中,已經(jīng)提到,can't表達(dá)的是否定猜測,而must則表示肯定猜測,意思是某人或某物一定或肯定會怎么樣。
    與can't一樣,must主要用來表示對現(xiàn)在時間或是過去時間發(fā)生的事情的肯定猜測。
    (一)對現(xiàn)在時間的猜測
    此時,must可以用來表示對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或動作進(jìn)行猜測。如果是狀態(tài),must后面直接跟表狀態(tài)的謂語動詞即可;如果是動作,must后面的謂語動詞則要采用be doing的形式。如:
    狀態(tài):He must be over 40 years old. (他肯定有四十多歲了。)
    動作:He must be reading in the library now. (他現(xiàn)在肯定正在圖書館看書。)
    (二)對過去時間的猜測
    此時,must后面的謂語動詞如果是狀態(tài),則采用“must have+表狀態(tài)的動詞的過去分詞”;如果是動作,則采用“must have done”的形式;如果是過去進(jìn)行的動作,則采用“must have been doing”的形式。如:
    狀態(tài):He must have been in the bathroom when I called him last night.
    動作:He must have finished his homework before dinner yesterday.
    過去進(jìn)行:He must have been listening to loud music, for he didn't answer my call.
    四、特殊用法
    (一)表偏偏
    此時,must表達(dá)的是說話者不耐煩的語氣或是與說話者愿望相反的情況。如:
    Why must you come in at this moment? (你為什么偏偏在這個時候進(jìn)來?)
    (二)用作名詞
    must也可以直接用作普通名詞,表示“必須做的事,必需的東西”。如:
    A raincoat is a must in the rainy season. (在雨季雨衣是必備之物。)
    His new novel is a must for all lovers