英語定語從句:關系代詞、關系副詞、who與whom、只用that的情況

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定語從句:在復合句中作定語用修飾句子中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。以下內(nèi)容由整理發(fā)布,歡迎閱讀參考!更多相關訊息請關注!
    ① 定語從句的位置:放在名詞或代詞的后面。如:
    The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
    (手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。)
    ② 語法術語:
    被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞;
    引導定語從句的連接詞稱為關系詞,其中that、which、who稱為關系代詞;
    where、when、how稱為關系副詞。
    ③ 關系代詞或關系副詞的作用:
    關系代詞who、whom和whose指人,分別在從句中作主語、賓語和定語。
    which指物that多指物, 有時也指人,它們在從句中可以作主語或賓語。
    定語從句中關系代詞作從句賓語時可以省略。
    This is the thief (that/who/whom)we have been looking for these days.
    (這個就是我們近日一直在找的小偷。)
    Please find a room which is big enough for all of us tolive in.
    (請找一間足夠大能住下我們?nèi)w的房間。)
    關系副詞when或where引導定語從句時,它們在從句中分別作時間狀語和地點狀語。
    如:
    This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.
    (這是一個星期前他們吵架的房間。)
    I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
    (我永遠不會忘記第一次見到你的日子。)
    ④ 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
    限制性定語從句在句中不能省略,否則主句意思就不完整。
    非限制性定語從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開,這種從句是一種附加說明,如果從句子中省去,也不致于影響主句的意思。
    如:
    She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of.
    (她一個晚上都在談論她最近的書,我們一個人都沒有聽說過那本書。)
    [注解]
    1、關系代詞只能用that的情況:
    當先行詞是指事物的不定代詞(all, anything等),
    或先行詞部分含有級,或含有序數(shù)詞時,不能用其他的關系代詞,只能用that.
    如:
    All that Lily told me seems untrue.
    (Lily告訴我的話似乎不真實。)
    Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?
    (能不能給我點里面沒有糖的東西?)
    This is the first two-story bus that runs inour city.
    (這是第一輛運行于我市的雙層公交車。)
    2、關系代詞在從句中作主語時一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。
    如:
    Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner?
    (你認識那個在角落里哭泣的女人嗎?)
    Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do withme.
    (跟我無關的話,請一個字也不要說。)
    3、關系代詞作從句的賓語時,常用which或whom,較少使用that或who,而且,關系代詞常常省略。
    如:
    Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to.
    (Tom的父親是我們老師第一個談話的人。)
    4、當關系代詞緊跟在介詞后面時,必須用which或whom,而當介詞移到句尾時,則又可以使用that或who.
    如:
    This is the room in which Miss Li once lived.
    (= This isthe room Miss Li once lived in.)
    (這是李小姐曾經(jīng)居住過的房間。)