愿你插上一對(duì)有力的翅膀。堅(jiān)韌地飛吧，不要為風(fēng)雨所折服；誠(chéng)摯地飛吧，不要為香甜的蜜汁所陶醉。朝著明確的目標(biāo)，飛向美好的未來(lái)。以下是為大家整理的《2019考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法全面舉例講解【三篇】》供您查閱。
【篇一：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)】
在不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而不把不定式短語(yǔ)放在句子的后面。如：
To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.
象那樣死去是一件可怕的事。( it 作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)to die like that放在后面)
To know oneself is difficult.=It’s difficult to know oneself.
有自知之明不容易。
To tell a lie is not always easy.= It’s not always easy to tell a lie.
撒謊并非總是容易。
Never to offend anyone is my principle. 永遠(yuǎn)不得罪任何人就是我的原則。
It’s against nature to remain single. 保持單身是違反自然的。
To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing. = It is a terrible thing for a dog to die like that.
一條狗象那樣死去是一件可怕的事。(for a dog是不定式的主語(yǔ))
For one to know everything is impossible.= It’s impossible for one to know everything.
一個(gè)人什么都知道是不可能的。
For his brother John to go to sea seems natural.= It seems natural for his brother John to go to sea. 他兄弟John去當(dāng)水手是很自然的事。
It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了，那可太不應(yīng)該了。
It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我們不接受邀請(qǐng)不合適。(否定)
It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. 何時(shí)何地討論她的辭職還沒(méi)定。
但是，下列形容詞做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)由 of 引出：
careless粗心的，clever聰明的，cruel殘忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的 ，naughty淘氣的，nice好的，polite禮貌的，right正確的，rude無(wú)禮的 ，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong錯(cuò)誤的，等等。
為什么這些詞要用 of 引出不定式呢?
因?yàn)檫@些形容詞都是描寫(xiě)人的性格和特點(diǎn)的形容詞?！癐t is + 形容詞 +of sb + to do sth”這樣的句型更強(qiáng)調(diào)某人如何如何，可以改寫(xiě)為：“Sb + be + 形容詞 + to do sth.” 而“for sb to do sth”這一結(jié)構(gòu)更強(qiáng)調(diào)做某事如何如何。例如：
1、 It is difficult for me to learn English. 更強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)英語(yǔ)很難，不能寫(xiě)成
I am difficult to learn English. (這句話含有邏輯錯(cuò)誤。)
2、 It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time. =You are unwise to go to the United States at this time. 強(qiáng)調(diào)你不明智。
It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. =You’re kind to come to see us off. 你來(lái)為我們送行太好了。
It’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much.=He is unwise to drink and smoke so much. 他喝這么多酒、抽這么多煙是不明智的。
It’s extremely cruel of John to kill animals. John殺害動(dòng)物真是殘忍之極。
It’s rude/polite of Jack to say this to her. Jack對(duì)她說(shuō)這個(gè)，很無(wú)禮/禮貌。
【篇二：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)】
(一)簡(jiǎn)介
在英語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(active voice) 表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(passive voice)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：
Saddam is being tried. 薩達(dá)姆正在接受審判。
The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在審判薩達(dá)姆。
More and more people use computers now.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Computers are more and more widely used now.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
English is spoken all over the world. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
(二)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)被動(dòng)方式上的差異
漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)非常簡(jiǎn)單明了，用“被”“遭”“受”等詞來(lái)表示，如“被捕”、“被殺”、“受到*”等。而英語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)的方式也不復(fù)雜，用“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”表示。其中助動(dòng)詞be有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)量和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而這正是英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的難點(diǎn)。
(三)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)一定是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)椴患拔飫?dòng)詞不能帶賓語(yǔ)，也就不可能有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有16個(gè)時(shí)態(tài);被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的有8個(gè)，以give為例說(shuō)明如下：
考研英語(yǔ)完型、閱讀、翻譯及寫(xiě)作都不開(kāi)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，語(yǔ)法是基礎(chǔ)，考生一定要熟悉，且靈活的掌握。2017考研復(fù)習(xí)之初，今天給大家講解語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望考生能夠從現(xiàn)在日積月累，終質(zhì)變提升。下面講解的是關(guān)于省略結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，大家請(qǐng)看：
2019考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法小講：
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)句是將第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)之前、句末用問(wèn)號(hào);否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后加not或never等其他否定詞、句末用句號(hào)。如：
“During the interview, were you asked questions in English?” “No, I wasn’t asked questions in English.” “面試的時(shí)候，用英語(yǔ)問(wèn)你問(wèn)題了嗎?”“沒(méi)有，沒(méi)有用英語(yǔ)問(wèn)我問(wèn)題?！?BR> The origin of the universe will probably never be explained. 宇宙的起源大概永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)被解釋清楚。
Is the restaurant being decorated? 那家餐館正在裝修嗎?
The restaurant is not being decorated. In the fact the restaurant has never been decorated。 那家餐館沒(méi)有在裝修。實(shí)際上，那家餐館從來(lái)沒(méi)有裝修過(guò)。
(四)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
1、不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。換個(gè)說(shuō)法，有一件事情不知道是誰(shuí)干的或者不想說(shuō)出是誰(shuí)干的，這時(shí)就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面試的時(shí)候，有點(diǎn)緊張。
These fighters are imported from Russia. 這些戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)是從*進(jìn)口的。
That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那個(gè)地方已被變成游泳池。
2、說(shuō)話或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)信/據(jù)報(bào)道他在美國(guó)。
還有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子)：
It is said that……. 據(jù)說(shuō)
It is reported that……. 據(jù)報(bào)道
It is hoped that……. 希望
It is believed that……. 人們相信
It is announced that……. 據(jù)宣布
it is (well) known that……. 眾所周知
It has been decided that……. 已經(jīng)決定
It is supposed that……. 人們認(rèn)為
It is suggested that……. 有人建議
It must be remembered that……. 務(wù)必記住
It is taken for granted that……. 被視為當(dāng)然
(五)主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的注意事項(xiàng)
一是時(shí)態(tài)不能改變;二是變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)上保持一致。還要作如下變動(dòng)：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ);主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)放在by的后面，組成介詞短語(yǔ)，再把這個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。在動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無(wú)須說(shuō)明或不必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。例如：
They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他們很快將在那里開(kāi)辦個(gè)新超市。
A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一個(gè)新超市不久將在那里開(kāi)辦。
The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位醫(yī)生用英語(yǔ)講了兩次課。
Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位醫(yī)生用英語(yǔ)講了兩次課。
Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我們要當(dāng)心老鼠。
We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我們受到警告，要當(dāng)心老鼠。
如果主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中任何一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不變。但較常見(jiàn)的是將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
The reporters asked the president some questions. 記者們問(wèn)了總統(tǒng)一些問(wèn)題。
The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
We have given him a job. 我們已給了他一個(gè)工作。
He has been given a job. (變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
A job has been given (to) him. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
(六)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞：
The timetable can be changed any time. 時(shí)間表隨時(shí)可以改變。
This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 這本書(shū)不允許帶出閱覽室。
This dictionary must be taken good care of. 這本詞典必須保管好。
(七)關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明
1、有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)，意義上是被動(dòng)。例如:
School begins in September. 學(xué)校九月份開(kāi)學(xué)。
The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 圖書(shū)館星期天不開(kāi)放。
The machine runs well. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器容易操作。
My pen writes well. 我的鋼筆好使。
The cloth washes well. 這料子耐洗。
The dictionary sells well. 這詞典銷(xiāo)路很好。
The book hardly sells. 這書(shū)買(mǎi)不出去。
The door will not shut/lock. 門(mén)關(guān)/鎖不上。
2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。例如：
They made him go. 他們讓他去。
He was made to go. 他被要求去了。
I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。
He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人聽(tīng)到他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。
3、除助動(dòng)詞be外，動(dòng)詞get有時(shí)也可跟過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，是比較口語(yǔ)化的一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中很少用by短語(yǔ)。例如:
I got lost in the huge market. 在那個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)中我迷失了方向。
You might get killed/hurt. 你會(huì)送命/受傷的。
In the end this story got translated into English. 這故事后被譯成了英文。
His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的車(chē)在交通事故中被毀了。
4、“have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)句型也表達(dá)了一種被動(dòng)的意思。如：
I’ll have the bike repaired in no time. 我一會(huì)就把自行車(chē)修好。
I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. 上星期天買(mǎi)東西的時(shí)候我的錢(qián)夾被盜。
He got his leg broken when playing football. 踢足球的時(shí)候他把腿弄斷了。
I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折買(mǎi)了這些書(shū)，省了兩百美元。
5、在need, want, require后面，主動(dòng)的-ing形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意思：
My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned) 我的表需要清洗。
Your garden needs watering. (=…to be watered) 你的花園需要澆水。
Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生，您的衣服要燙嗎?
【篇三：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)】
(1)由should/would + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。第一人稱(chēng)用should; 第二、三人稱(chēng)用would。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)所有人稱(chēng)一律用would. should/would 的簡(jiǎn)略形式為’d, 如I’d, you’d; would not 和should not的簡(jiǎn)略形式分別為wouldn’t 和shouldn’t.
(2)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事情，多用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。還可以表示過(guò)去的傾向或過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情。如：
They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他們問(wèn)我是否很快要去廣州。
She told me she would come again next week. 她和我說(shuō)她下周還來(lái)。
I told him to leave immediately, but he wouldn’t. 我告訴他馬上離開(kāi)，但他不。
He’d play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情緒低落的時(shí)候，就拉小提琴。
When I was in college, I would find a part-time job during the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，每年暑假都找份臨時(shí)工掙學(xué)費(fèi)。
(3)其他表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：
【篇一：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)】
在不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而不把不定式短語(yǔ)放在句子的后面。如：
To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.
象那樣死去是一件可怕的事。( it 作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)to die like that放在后面)
To know oneself is difficult.=It’s difficult to know oneself.
有自知之明不容易。
To tell a lie is not always easy.= It’s not always easy to tell a lie.
撒謊并非總是容易。
Never to offend anyone is my principle. 永遠(yuǎn)不得罪任何人就是我的原則。
It’s against nature to remain single. 保持單身是違反自然的。
To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
For a dog to die like that is a terrible thing. = It is a terrible thing for a dog to die like that.
一條狗象那樣死去是一件可怕的事。(for a dog是不定式的主語(yǔ))
For one to know everything is impossible.= It’s impossible for one to know everything.
一個(gè)人什么都知道是不可能的。
For his brother John to go to sea seems natural.= It seems natural for his brother John to go to sea. 他兄弟John去當(dāng)水手是很自然的事。
It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her. 你要是把她忘了，那可太不應(yīng)該了。
It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation. 我們不接受邀請(qǐng)不合適。(否定)
It has not yet been decided when and where to discuss her resignation. 何時(shí)何地討論她的辭職還沒(méi)定。
但是，下列形容詞做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)由 of 引出：
careless粗心的，clever聰明的，cruel殘忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的 ，naughty淘氣的，nice好的，polite禮貌的，right正確的，rude無(wú)禮的 ，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong錯(cuò)誤的，等等。
為什么這些詞要用 of 引出不定式呢?
因?yàn)檫@些形容詞都是描寫(xiě)人的性格和特點(diǎn)的形容詞?！癐t is + 形容詞 +of sb + to do sth”這樣的句型更強(qiáng)調(diào)某人如何如何，可以改寫(xiě)為：“Sb + be + 形容詞 + to do sth.” 而“for sb to do sth”這一結(jié)構(gòu)更強(qiáng)調(diào)做某事如何如何。例如：
1、 It is difficult for me to learn English. 更強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)英語(yǔ)很難，不能寫(xiě)成
I am difficult to learn English. (這句話含有邏輯錯(cuò)誤。)
2、 It is unwise of you to go to the United States at this time. =You are unwise to go to the United States at this time. 強(qiáng)調(diào)你不明智。
It’s very kind of you to come to see us off. =You’re kind to come to see us off. 你來(lái)為我們送行太好了。
It’s unwise of him to drink and smoke so much.=He is unwise to drink and smoke so much. 他喝這么多酒、抽這么多煙是不明智的。
It’s extremely cruel of John to kill animals. John殺害動(dòng)物真是殘忍之極。
It’s rude/polite of Jack to say this to her. Jack對(duì)她說(shuō)這個(gè)，很無(wú)禮/禮貌。
【篇二：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)】
(一)簡(jiǎn)介
在英語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(active voice) 表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(passive voice)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：
Saddam is being tried. 薩達(dá)姆正在接受審判。
The Iraqi government is trying Saddam. 伊拉克政府正在審判薩達(dá)姆。
More and more people use computers now.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Computers are more and more widely used now.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
English is spoken all over the world. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
(二)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)被動(dòng)方式上的差異
漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)非常簡(jiǎn)單明了，用“被”“遭”“受”等詞來(lái)表示，如“被捕”、“被殺”、“受到*”等。而英語(yǔ)表達(dá)被動(dòng)的方式也不復(fù)雜，用“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”表示。其中助動(dòng)詞be有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)量和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而這正是英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的難點(diǎn)。
(三)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)一定是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)椴患拔飫?dòng)詞不能帶賓語(yǔ)，也就不可能有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有16個(gè)時(shí)態(tài);被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的有8個(gè)，以give為例說(shuō)明如下：
考研英語(yǔ)完型、閱讀、翻譯及寫(xiě)作都不開(kāi)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，語(yǔ)法是基礎(chǔ)，考生一定要熟悉，且靈活的掌握。2017考研復(fù)習(xí)之初，今天給大家講解語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望考生能夠從現(xiàn)在日積月累，終質(zhì)變提升。下面講解的是關(guān)于省略結(jié)構(gòu)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，大家請(qǐng)看：
| 時(shí)態(tài) | 動(dòng)詞形式 |
| 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) | Am/is/aregiven |
| 一般過(guò)去時(shí) | Was/weregiven |
| 一般將來(lái)時(shí) | Shall/willbe given |
| 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) | Am/is/arebeing given |
| 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) | Was/werebeing given |
| 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) | Should/wouldbe given |
| 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) | Has/havebeen given |
| 過(guò)去完成時(shí) | Hadbeen given |
2019考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法小講：
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)句是將第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)之前、句末用問(wèn)號(hào);否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后加not或never等其他否定詞、句末用句號(hào)。如：
“During the interview, were you asked questions in English?” “No, I wasn’t asked questions in English.” “面試的時(shí)候，用英語(yǔ)問(wèn)你問(wèn)題了嗎?”“沒(méi)有，沒(méi)有用英語(yǔ)問(wèn)我問(wèn)題?！?BR> The origin of the universe will probably never be explained. 宇宙的起源大概永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)被解釋清楚。
Is the restaurant being decorated? 那家餐館正在裝修嗎?
The restaurant is not being decorated. In the fact the restaurant has never been decorated。 那家餐館沒(méi)有在裝修。實(shí)際上，那家餐館從來(lái)沒(méi)有裝修過(guò)。
(四)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法
1、不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。換個(gè)說(shuō)法，有一件事情不知道是誰(shuí)干的或者不想說(shuō)出是誰(shuí)干的，這時(shí)就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面試的時(shí)候，有點(diǎn)緊張。
These fighters are imported from Russia. 這些戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)是從*進(jìn)口的。
That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那個(gè)地方已被變成游泳池。
2、說(shuō)話或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)信/據(jù)報(bào)道他在美國(guó)。
還有下列常用句型(that后面跟句子)：
It is said that……. 據(jù)說(shuō)
It is reported that……. 據(jù)報(bào)道
It is hoped that……. 希望
It is believed that……. 人們相信
It is announced that……. 據(jù)宣布
it is (well) known that……. 眾所周知
It has been decided that……. 已經(jīng)決定
It is supposed that……. 人們認(rèn)為
It is suggested that……. 有人建議
It must be remembered that……. 務(wù)必記住
It is taken for granted that……. 被視為當(dāng)然
(五)主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句的注意事項(xiàng)
一是時(shí)態(tài)不能改變;二是變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)上保持一致。還要作如下變動(dòng)：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ);主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)放在by的后面，組成介詞短語(yǔ)，再把這個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。在動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無(wú)須說(shuō)明或不必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。例如：
They will open a new supermarket there soon. 他們很快將在那里開(kāi)辦個(gè)新超市。
A new supermarket will be opened there soon. 一個(gè)新超市不久將在那里開(kāi)辦。
The doctor gave two lectures in English. 那位醫(yī)生用英語(yǔ)講了兩次課。
Two lectures were given by the doctor in English. 由那位醫(yī)生用英語(yǔ)講了兩次課。
Somebody has warned us to be careful of rats. 有人警告我們要當(dāng)心老鼠。
We have been warned to be careful of rats. 我們受到警告，要當(dāng)心老鼠。
如果主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中任何一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不變。但較常見(jiàn)的是將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
The reporters asked the president some questions. 記者們問(wèn)了總統(tǒng)一些問(wèn)題。
The president was asked some questions by the reporters. ( 變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
Some questions were asked the president by the reporters. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
We have given him a job. 我們已給了他一個(gè)工作。
He has been given a job. (變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
A job has been given (to) him. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
(六)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞：
The timetable can be changed any time. 時(shí)間表隨時(shí)可以改變。
This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 這本書(shū)不允許帶出閱覽室。
This dictionary must be taken good care of. 這本詞典必須保管好。
(七)關(guān)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明
1、有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)，意義上是被動(dòng)。例如:
School begins in September. 學(xué)校九月份開(kāi)學(xué)。
The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 圖書(shū)館星期天不開(kāi)放。
The machine runs well. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器容易操作。
My pen writes well. 我的鋼筆好使。
The cloth washes well. 這料子耐洗。
The dictionary sells well. 這詞典銷(xiāo)路很好。
The book hardly sells. 這書(shū)買(mǎi)不出去。
The door will not shut/lock. 門(mén)關(guān)/鎖不上。
2、make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。例如：
They made him go. 他們讓他去。
He was made to go. 他被要求去了。
I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。
He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 有人聽(tīng)到他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。
3、除助動(dòng)詞be外，動(dòng)詞get有時(shí)也可跟過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，是比較口語(yǔ)化的一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中很少用by短語(yǔ)。例如:
I got lost in the huge market. 在那個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)中我迷失了方向。
You might get killed/hurt. 你會(huì)送命/受傷的。
In the end this story got translated into English. 這故事后被譯成了英文。
His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的車(chē)在交通事故中被毀了。
4、“have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)句型也表達(dá)了一種被動(dòng)的意思。如：
I’ll have the bike repaired in no time. 我一會(huì)就把自行車(chē)修好。
I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sunday when I was shopping. 上星期天買(mǎi)東西的時(shí)候我的錢(qián)夾被盜。
He got his leg broken when playing football. 踢足球的時(shí)候他把腿弄斷了。
I bought these books at a discount and had two hundred dollars saved. 我打折買(mǎi)了這些書(shū)，省了兩百美元。
5、在need, want, require后面，主動(dòng)的-ing形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意思：
My watch needs cleaning. (=…needs to be cleaned) 我的表需要清洗。
Your garden needs watering. (=…to be watered) 你的花園需要澆水。
Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生，您的衣服要燙嗎?
【篇三：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)】
(1)由should/would + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。第一人稱(chēng)用should; 第二、三人稱(chēng)用would。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)所有人稱(chēng)一律用would. should/would 的簡(jiǎn)略形式為’d, 如I’d, you’d; would not 和should not的簡(jiǎn)略形式分別為wouldn’t 和shouldn’t.
(2)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事情，多用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。還可以表示過(guò)去的傾向或過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情。如：
They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他們問(wèn)我是否很快要去廣州。
She told me she would come again next week. 她和我說(shuō)她下周還來(lái)。
I told him to leave immediately, but he wouldn’t. 我告訴他馬上離開(kāi)，但他不。
He’d play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情緒低落的時(shí)候，就拉小提琴。
When I was in college, I would find a part-time job during the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，每年暑假都找份臨時(shí)工掙學(xué)費(fèi)。
(3)其他表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：