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1. rise，raise，arise，arouse“rise” 是不及物動詞，過去式為rose，過去分詞為risen，其基本詞義“上升，上漲”。
The sun rises in the east.
A good idea rose in my mind. “raise” 是及物規(guī)則動詞，“舉起，提高”。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
The boy can raise the heavy stone.“arise”，是不及物動詞，過去式為arose，過去分詞arisen，其語義為“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生” 。
His curiosity arose due to the question his mother asked.“arouse”是及物動詞，過去式和過去分詞為aroused，其語義為“喚醒，引起”
arouse somebody from sleep 把某人喚醒
arouse suspicion 引起懷疑
2. lay，lie，lie“l(fā)ay”及物動詞，“放置，生蛋”，過去式與過去分詞為 “l(fā)aid”
I've laid the book on the self.
The hen lays an egg every day.“l(fā)ie”不及物動詞“位于，平躺”，過去式為“l(fā)ay”過去分詞 “l(fā)ain”
He lay on the floor and slept soundly.
Beijing lies in the north of China.“l(fā)ie”及物動詞“說謊”，它是規(guī)則動詞。
He lied to his teacher.
3. sit，seat“sit”不及物動詞，過去式與過去分詞均為 “sat”。
He sat in the classroom reading newspaper.“seat”及物動詞，“使就坐”“容納”。
He seats himself here.
He is seated there.
He seats the baby on his knees.
The hall will seat 5000 people.
4. affect，effect“affect” 及物動詞，“對……有影響，感動，觸及”
The relations between then will be affected.“effect” 及物動詞， “導(dǎo)致，造成，帶來(變化)，產(chǎn)生”
The changes in methods effected some improvement in his study.
5. hang (hanged, hanged) / (hung, hung)當(dāng) hang過去式與過去分詞為 “hanged”，其含義是“絞死”;而當(dāng)hang的過去式與過去分詞為“hung”時，其含義是“懸掛”。
The man was hanged for murder.
He hung his coat on the hook.
6. borrow，lend“borrow”借入 “borrow sth. from ...”
“l(fā)end”(lent, lent) 借出 “l(fā)end sb. sth” 或 “l(fā)end sth. to sb.”
7. take，bring，fetch“take”(took, taken) 及物動詞“拿走”
“bring”(brought, brought) 及物動詞“帶來”
“fetch” 及物動詞“去取回來”
測試精編
1. Before discussing the steps in detail, ________.
A. a general principle should be laid down.
B. I should like to lie down a general principle
C. I'd like to lay down a general principle
D. a general principle lies.
2. The typewriter ________.
A. was laying on the table, where it had laid all week.
B. was lying on the table, where it had laid all week.
C. was laying on the table, where it had been laid all week.
D. was lying on the table, where it had been laid all week. 3. Up till now, these problems have been ________ for centuries.
A. laying dormant B. laying dormantly
C. lying dormant D. lain dormantly4. “Oh, glad to see you, John.” “What ________ you to this city?”
A. carries B. brings C. takes D. makes 5. During the period of inflation, the value of money drops as ________.
A. prices rise B. prices arise
C. the price is rising D. prices are raised 6. When all the students ________, the professor began his lecture.
A. seated B. sit C. were seated D. seat
KEYS：
1. C 2.D 3. C 4.B 5.A 6. C
1. receive，accept“receive” 客觀上收到
“accept” 主觀上愿意接受
I received his gift, but I wouldn't like to accept it.
2. fit, suit“適合”“fit” 指“尺寸”的適合
“suit” 指“款式，花樣等”的適合
The dress doesn't fit me. It is too long.
Blue is the color that suits her well.
3. answer, reply “回答”“answer” — vt.
“reply” — vi 須和 “to”連用
“You needn't know it.” He answered.
So far, they haven't answered / replied to our questions.
4. spend, cost, take “花費”“spend” (spent, spent) 花“時間，金錢”主語須是人。
He spend 5 hours writing the article.“cost” (cost, cost) 花費“金錢，時間，勞力”可接雙賓，主語須是“物”。
The book cost me $20 and 2 days.“take” 通常指花“時間”主語須是“某種事情”。
It takes me 20 minuter to go to school.
The work took me longer than I expected.
5. assure，ensure“assure” 使放心 assure sb. of sth.
assure sb. that...
I can assure you of my honesty.“ensure” 保證 ensure sth.(其后不能接人稱)
ensure that
ensure doing sth.
I can ensure his safety.
He ensured that he finished the job in time.
He ensured coming back later.百分重點：如ensure 含義為“保護(hù)，使安全”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：
ensure sb from / against sth.
He ensured the boy from drowning.6. beat, defeat, win — vt.“beat” (beat, beaten) 戰(zhàn)勝，打敗比賽，辯論中的對手
He beat John at chess yesterday.“defeat”“擊敗”敵軍，入侵者，整個球隊
They defeated the enemy in that battle.“win” (won, won)“贏得比賽”win over sb.(贏了某人)
The football team won the match.7. damage，destroy，hurt，spoil，wound，injure以上六個詞中，“hurt” 可作及物，不及物動詞外，其余五個均為及物動詞。
“damage” —— 損壞(害)(有修復(fù)的可能性)
“destroy” —— 摧毀，打破(希望，計劃)毀滅(無修復(fù)的可能性)
“hurt” —— 傷害(感情或身體某一部位)痛疼
“spoil” —— 破壞，糟蹋(晚會，旅游，參觀等)寵愛，慣懷(孩子)
“wound” —— 使受傷(槍傷，刀傷)
“injure” —— 使受傷
Don't spoil your son too much.
The man has destroyed the girl's life all her hopes.
Some houses were damaged in the earthquake.
I don't mean to hurt you.
He was injured in the accident.
It was dangerous because he was wounded seriously in the war.
測試精編
1. His newly-published novel is quite a success ________ a good income from the reading public.
A. ensuring him B. assuring him
C. assuring him of D. assuring him about 2. My watch ________ five o'clock.
A. says B. tells C. speaks D. talks3. “He has been working very hard recently.” “Because the burden of a big family has been ________ on his shoulder.”
A. bear B. borne C. born D. bore4. The visiting delegates were urged to ________.
A. talk at liberty B. state their open minds
C. make individual expressions D. speak freely (后設(shè)答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
KEYS：
1.C 2.A 3. B 4.D