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英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料：容易犯錯的形容詞從句
在三種英語從句中，名詞從句與副詞從句用得較多，錯誤也較少。形容詞從句用得較少，但卻最易犯錯，尤其是下列四種錯法：
㈠重復(fù)形容詞中的賓語。例如：
*① The essay which John wrote it yesterday got a good grade.
*② Do you know the name of the man whom the police are looking for him?
在①里的形容詞從句中的“it”和②里的“him”都是重復(fù)的賓語，因為這兩個賓語已經(jīng)由關(guān)系代詞“which”和“whom”接管了。因此，“it”和“him”是多余的，必須去掉。
㈡關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞不對。例如：
*③ This is the dog who ate up the food.
*④ Do you know the time which we must resume work?
③里的關(guān)系代詞“who”和④里的“which”都錯。③里的先行詞是一種動物，關(guān)系代詞里“which”或“that”才對。④里的先行詞是“時間”，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞“when”才可。
㈢形容詞從句修飾的對象不符。例如：
*⑤ Malcolm finished the work and then left the office which was well-planned.
這里的形容詞從句“which was well-planned”，應(yīng)該修飾名詞 “the work”，不是“the office”，因此犯了修飾的對象不符之錯。最容易的改正方法，是使這個從句緊扣在先行詞“the work”后面，即：
⑥ Malcolm finished the work which was well-planned and then left the office.
這樣的改正雖然符合語法，但句子顯得頭重腳輕，失去平衡;對是對，但是不好。我建議重整從句，以臻“既對且好”之境。試比較 7(a), (b)和(c)：
⑦a. Malcolm left the office after he had finished the work which was well-planned.
b. Malcolm left the office after having finished the work which was well-planned.
c. Malcolm finished the well-planned work and then left the office.
三句中，⑦(c)一氣呵成，短小精悍，是上選。此外，⑦(c)把形容詞從句節(jié)縮為合成形容詞(compound adjective)，使句子簡練有力。這點足以證明節(jié)縮句的好處。關(guān)于節(jié)縮方法，以后再談。在了解節(jié)縮法之前，千萬不要隨便嘗試，以免犯錯。例如： *⑧ A sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate is called a simple sentence.
⑧里的“is made up of a subject and a predicate”是形容詞從句“which is made up of a subject and a predicate”的節(jié)縮體，但是錯了。
根據(jù)形容詞從句的縮略規(guī)則，如果形容詞從句是被動式的話，就要把關(guān)系代詞和助動詞“be”一齊去掉：
⑨ Do you like the man who was introduced to you yesterday? → Do you like the man introduced to you yesterday?
⑩ Please fill in each of the blanks which are provided below. → Please fill in each of the blanks provided below.
⑧里的關(guān)系代詞不見了，但是助動詞“is”還在，莫怪整句讀起來，有點不順口;因此要改一改;
A sentence made up of a subject and a predicate is called a simple sentence.
英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料：容易犯錯的形容詞從句
在三種英語從句中，名詞從句與副詞從句用得較多，錯誤也較少。形容詞從句用得較少，但卻最易犯錯，尤其是下列四種錯法：
㈠重復(fù)形容詞中的賓語。例如：
*① The essay which John wrote it yesterday got a good grade.
*② Do you know the name of the man whom the police are looking for him?
在①里的形容詞從句中的“it”和②里的“him”都是重復(fù)的賓語，因為這兩個賓語已經(jīng)由關(guān)系代詞“which”和“whom”接管了。因此，“it”和“him”是多余的，必須去掉。
㈡關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞不對。例如：
*③ This is the dog who ate up the food.
*④ Do you know the time which we must resume work?
③里的關(guān)系代詞“who”和④里的“which”都錯。③里的先行詞是一種動物，關(guān)系代詞里“which”或“that”才對。④里的先行詞是“時間”，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞“when”才可。
㈢形容詞從句修飾的對象不符。例如：
*⑤ Malcolm finished the work and then left the office which was well-planned.
這里的形容詞從句“which was well-planned”，應(yīng)該修飾名詞 “the work”，不是“the office”，因此犯了修飾的對象不符之錯。最容易的改正方法，是使這個從句緊扣在先行詞“the work”后面，即：
⑥ Malcolm finished the work which was well-planned and then left the office.
這樣的改正雖然符合語法，但句子顯得頭重腳輕，失去平衡;對是對，但是不好。我建議重整從句，以臻“既對且好”之境。試比較 7(a), (b)和(c)：
⑦a. Malcolm left the office after he had finished the work which was well-planned.
b. Malcolm left the office after having finished the work which was well-planned.
c. Malcolm finished the well-planned work and then left the office.
三句中，⑦(c)一氣呵成，短小精悍，是上選。此外，⑦(c)把形容詞從句節(jié)縮為合成形容詞(compound adjective)，使句子簡練有力。這點足以證明節(jié)縮句的好處。關(guān)于節(jié)縮方法，以后再談。在了解節(jié)縮法之前，千萬不要隨便嘗試，以免犯錯。例如： *⑧ A sentence is made up of a subject and a predicate is called a simple sentence.
⑧里的“is made up of a subject and a predicate”是形容詞從句“which is made up of a subject and a predicate”的節(jié)縮體，但是錯了。
根據(jù)形容詞從句的縮略規(guī)則，如果形容詞從句是被動式的話，就要把關(guān)系代詞和助動詞“be”一齊去掉：
⑨ Do you like the man who was introduced to you yesterday? → Do you like the man introduced to you yesterday?
⑩ Please fill in each of the blanks which are provided below. → Please fill in each of the blanks provided below.
⑧里的關(guān)系代詞不見了，但是助動詞“is”還在，莫怪整句讀起來，有點不順口;因此要改一改;
A sentence made up of a subject and a predicate is called a simple sentence.