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《新概念英語(yǔ)》94課: Future champions 未來(lái)的冠軍
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What kind of race do the children compete in?
Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles, but most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage those among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.
【課文翻譯】
實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，兒童在很小的時(shí)候就可以開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)游泳。在洛杉磯的一個(gè)特設(shè)的游泳池里，孩子們甚至在還沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)走路時(shí)就已經(jīng)能熟練地在水下屏住呼吸了。兩個(gè)月的嬰兒并未顯得不愿意入水。他們很快便適應(yīng)了游泳，以致能撿起池底的物品。這些幼小的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員非常喜愛(ài)的一種游戲是水下三輪車(chē)比賽。三輪車(chē)并排放在7英尺深的游泳池底上。孩子們比賽看誰(shuí)先到達(dá)游泳池的另一端。很多孩子用腳蹬車(chē)，但多數(shù)孩子更愿意推或是拉著三輪車(chē)。有些孩子能夠跑完游泳池的全長(zhǎng)而不用露出水面換氣。他們將來(lái)是否能成為奧林匹克的冠軍，這只能由時(shí)間來(lái)作出回答。與此同時(shí)，他們對(duì)我們中的那些游不了5碼就已喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的人應(yīng)該是種鼓舞。
【生詞匯總】
instruct v. 指導(dǎo)，傳授
Los Angeles洛杉磯
reluctant adj. 勉強(qiáng)的，不愿意的
weight n. 重物
underwater adj. 水下的
tricycle n. 三輪車(chē)
compete v. 比賽，對(duì)抗
yard n. 碼
gasp v. 喘氣
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1. Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. 實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，兒童在很小的時(shí)候就可以開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)游泳。
1)Instruct vt.教授 ; 命令
instruct sb. in english教某人英語(yǔ)
Instruct sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事
He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往紐約。
teach普通用詞，含義廣泛。指直接教某人知識(shí)或技能等，側(cè)重傳播知識(shí)和幫助應(yīng)用知識(shí)。
instruct與teach含義很接近，但語(yǔ)體較正式。指系統(tǒng)、詳細(xì)、精心地傳播知識(shí)，側(cè)重教授與指示。
2)at a very early age 這是一個(gè)固定的搭配，“ 在很小的時(shí)候”。年齡的表達(dá)還有很多種形式，例如：“他20歲”
He is twenty.
He is twenty years old.
He is a twenty-year-old man.
He is aged twenty. (age可用作動(dòng)詞)
He is at age twenty.
He is at the age of twenty.
He is twenty years of age.
表示“在某人幾十多歲”，用“in one's +基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”，例如：
他七十多歲。He is in his seventies.(從70歲到79歲之間)
她五十多歲。She is in her fifties.(從50歲到59歲之間)
2. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. 在洛杉磯的一個(gè)特設(shè)的游泳池里，孩子們甚至在還沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)走路時(shí)就已經(jīng)能熟練地在水下屏住呼吸了。
句型： before 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“在…之前…”。
1)expert表示“熟練者”、“專(zhuān)家”， 后面通常跟at/in/on sth/doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)
He was an expert in reproducing of ancient pictures.
他是一個(gè)臨摹古畫(huà)的能手
The scientist is an expert in the field of Biochemistry.
這位科學(xué)家是生化學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的專(zhuān)家
2)hold one's breath 為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“屏住呼吸”：
Hold your breath for a few seconds.
屏息幾秒鐘。
out of breath:上氣不接下氣
She was out of breath from climbing the stairs.
爬樓梯使她上氣不接下氣的。
waste one's breath;白費(fèi)口舌
Don't waste your breath on him.
不要對(duì)他白費(fèi)唇舌。
in one breath:片刻
Several students made the request in one breath.
好幾個(gè)學(xué)生同時(shí)提出這個(gè)要求。
3. It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. 他們很快便適應(yīng)了游泳，以致能撿起池底的物品。
1)句型：It is not long before… “不久…”“很快…”
It will not be a long time before we finish this dictionary.
我們用不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就能把這部詞典編完。
so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
He was so angry that he couldn’t speak.
他氣得話都說(shuō)不出來(lái)。
2)be accustomed to(=be used to doing) 表示“習(xí)慣于”、“適應(yīng)…”，后面通常跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞：
I'm accustomed to cold weather.
我習(xí)慣了冷天氣。
accustom oneself to sth./doing sth. …“使自己養(yǎng)成...的習(xí)慣”，“使自己適應(yīng)…”
She found it necessary to accustom herself to getting up early.
她發(fā)現(xiàn)讓自己養(yǎng)成早起的習(xí)慣是很必要的。
4. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. 這些幼小的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員非常喜愛(ài)的一種游戲是水下三輪車(chē)比賽。
句型： that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(that is very popular with these young swimmers)修飾 a game。
1)be popular with(among)“ 受…的歡迎”，“為…所喜愛(ài)”
Mary is popular with / among children.
瑪麗受孩子們的歡迎。
2) tricycle = tri+ cycle 三輪車(chē)
常見(jiàn)的拉丁數(shù)字前綴：
One – uni – unique 獨(dú)特的(); uniform 制服
Two – bi/du- bicycle自行車(chē)(兩個(gè)輪子);bilingual 雙語(yǔ)的; dual 二重的
Three- tri- triangle 三角形
Four - quadr/quart - quadruple 四倍
Five – quint- quintuple 五倍;quincentenary 五百周年紀(jì)念的
Six - sex- sexangle 六邊形; sextet 六重奏
Seven - sept- septangle 七邊形 ;septennial 七年一度的
Eight - octa- octopus 章魚(yú)(章魚(yú)有八條腿); octapod 章魚(yú)類(lèi)生物
Nine - non- nonagon 九邊形 ;nonet 九重奏; nonuple 九倍
Ten - deci- decimalism 十進(jìn)制; decimeter 十米
Half - semi- simicircle 半圓 ;semicolonial 半殖民地
Many - multi- multitude 多數(shù)，大量;multimedia 多媒體
Hundred - cent- century 世紀(jì); centigrade 度
5. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. 他們將來(lái)是否能成為奧林匹克的冠軍，這只能由時(shí)間來(lái)作出回答。
1)Whether 引導(dǎo)的從句，是tell 賓語(yǔ)，正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椤皁nly time will tell whether they …”
賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。通常，以疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句會(huì)用于這種句型：
Whether she will come or not , no one knows.
她是否會(huì)來(lái)，沒(méi)有人知道。
2)whether 和 if的區(qū)別
(1)whether 和 if 在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般可以通用：
I don't care whether/if it will rain or not.
(2)當(dāng)后面跟 or not 時(shí)，只能用whether.
I don't care whether or not it will rain.
(3)賓語(yǔ)從句放置句首是，用 whether ，不用if
Whether it is true or not, I can't say.
這個(gè)是真是假，我無(wú)法斷言
(4)在介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用whether:
It all depends on whether they will support us.
這完全取決于他們是否支持我們
(5)用if 會(huì)引起歧義的時(shí)，用whether:
please let me know if you want come.
請(qǐng)通知我你是否想來(lái)/如果你想來(lái)請(qǐng)通知我們(歧義)
Please let me know whether you want to come.
請(qǐng)通知我你是否想來(lái)
(6)其它幾種只用whether的情況：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)(例3);后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。
《新概念英語(yǔ)》95課: A fantasy 純屬虛構(gòu)
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
Why was the Ambassador particularly lucky?
When the Ambassador of Escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.
'What has happened?' she asked. 'How did your clothes get into such a mess?'
'A fire extinguisher, my dear,' answered the Ambassador drily. 'University students set the Embassy on fire this morning.'
'Good heavens!' exclaimed his wife. 'And where were you at the time?'
'I was in my office as usual,' answered the Ambassador. 'The fire broke out in the basement. I went down immediately, of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fire extinguisher at me. He thought I was on fire. I must definitely get that fellow posted.'
The Ambassador's wife went on asking questions, when she suddenly noticed a big hole in her husband's hat.
'And how can you explain that?' she asked.
'Oh, that,' said the Ambassador. 'Someone fired a shot through my office window. Accurate, don't you think? Fortunately, I wasn't wearing it at the time. If I had been, I would not have been able to get home for lunch.'
【課文翻譯】
當(dāng)艾斯卡羅比亞國(guó)的大使回到家吃午飯時(shí)，把他的夫人嚇了一跳。他面色蒼白，衣服也搞得不成樣子。
“發(fā)生了什么事?”她問(wèn)，“你的衣服怎么搞得一塌糊涂?”
“滅火器弄的，親愛(ài)的，”大使冷冷地回答，“今天上午大學(xué)生們放火點(diǎn)著了大使館?！?BR> “天啊!”他的夫人驚叫，“那你當(dāng)時(shí)在什么地方?”
“我和往常一樣，在辦公室里，”大使回答說(shuō)?！暗叵率彝蝗恢?，我當(dāng)然馬上下去了。但那個(gè)傻瓜霍斯特把滅火器對(duì)準(zhǔn)了我。他認(rèn)為是我著火了。我一定要把那個(gè)家伙打發(fā)走?！?BR> 大使夫人繼續(xù)提出問(wèn)題，她突然又發(fā)現(xiàn)丈夫的帽子上有個(gè)洞。
“那么你對(duì)那又作何解釋呢?”她問(wèn)。
“那個(gè)嘛，”大使說(shuō)，“有人向我辦公室窗戶(hù)開(kāi)了一槍。真夠準(zhǔn)的，是不是?幸虧我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)戴帽子。如果真戴著它，我現(xiàn)在就不能回家來(lái)吃午飯了?！?BR> 【生詞匯總】
fantasy n. 幻想故事
ambassador n. 大使
Escalopia n. 艾斯卡羅比亞(虛構(gòu)的國(guó)名)
frightful adj. 可怕的，令人吃驚的
fire extinguisher 滅火器
drily adv. 冷淡地，枯燥無(wú)味地
embassy n. 大使館
heaven n. 天，天堂
basement n. 地下室
definitely adv. 肯定地
post v. 派任
shot n. 子彈
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1. When the Ambassador or Escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. 當(dāng)艾斯卡羅比亞國(guó)的大使回到家吃午飯時(shí)，把他的夫人嚇了一跳。
Japan's ambassador to China 日本駐華大使
Embassy of Japan in China日本駐華大使館
2. 'How did your clothes get into such a mess?'“你的衣服怎么搞得一塌糊涂?”
mess 表示“臟亂狀態(tài)”時(shí)通常與in連用或與 get into連用，get into such a mess“一塌糊涂”。
Why was your hair in such a mess?
你的頭發(fā)怎么會(huì)那么亂?
Your bedroom is totally in a mess.
你的臥室簡(jiǎn)直一團(tuán)糟。
mess動(dòng)詞把…弄亂，作此意時(shí)，多數(shù)會(huì)和up連用，to mess up指把什么東西弄壞，陷入困境
I was used to him messing up the kitchen.
我對(duì)他把廚房弄臟已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了
Don't let alcohol or drug mess up your brain.
不要讓酒精和毒品毀掉你的頭腦。
If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about our mistakes, learn from them.
如果你陷入困境，那不是你父母的錯(cuò)，因此不要為我們的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)牢騷，從中吸取教訓(xùn)吧。
3. University students set the Embassy on fire this morning. 今天上午大學(xué)生們放火點(diǎn)著了大使館。
set… on fire/set fire to sth 縱火，引起點(diǎn)火或燃燒
The police found out the criminal who had set the cinema on fire yesterday.
警察查出了昨天縱火燒電*的犯人。
In 1834, someone set fire to the Houses of Parliament.
1834年，有人放火點(diǎn)著了國(guó)會(huì)大廈。
4. 'I was in my office as usual,' answered the Ambassador. 'The fire broke out in the basement. “我和往常一樣，在辦公室里，”大使回答說(shuō)?！暗叵率彝蝗恢穑耶?dāng)然馬上下去了?！?BR> break out (=begin suddenly) 火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火山、地震爆等“突然發(fā)生”、“爆發(fā)”
In the world anti-Facist wars,the Sino-Japanese war was the first to break out and lasted the longest.
在這場(chǎng)世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，中國(guó)人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始早、持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。
5. I went down immediately, of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fire extinguisher at me. He thought I was on fire. I must definitely get that fellow posted.'“我當(dāng)然馬上下去了。但那個(gè)傻瓜霍斯特把滅火器對(duì)準(zhǔn)了我。他認(rèn)為是我著火了。我一定要把那個(gè)家伙打發(fā)走。”
aim的用法說(shuō)明 ：
1) 不管用作名詞還是動(dòng)詞，其后均常接介詞 at
He aimed hisgun at the bird, but did not fire.
他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)鳥(niǎo)，但沒(méi)開(kāi)槍。
He took aim at the bird, but missed.
他向鳥(niǎo)瞄準(zhǔn)，但沒(méi)射中。
有時(shí)其后也接介詞 for, 表示希望達(dá)到某個(gè)目標(biāo)：
We should aimfor the best results.
我們要力爭(zhēng)獲得好的結(jié)果
2) 其后接不定式，表示“想要做某事” (有時(shí)可與aim at doing互換)：
He aims to become (=at becoming) a computer expert.
他想成為計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)家
3) 用作名詞，表示“目的”、“目標(biāo)”等，是可數(shù)名詞;表示“瞄準(zhǔn)”，是不可數(shù)名詞：
John has only one aim in life --- to be amillionaire.
約翰的人生只有一個(gè)目標(biāo)，就是成為百萬(wàn)富翁
Takecareful aim at the target.
仔細(xì)瞄準(zhǔn)
4) “實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”在英語(yǔ)中要用動(dòng)詞 achieve, 一般不用 reach：
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.
要讓每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。
《新概念英語(yǔ)》96課: The dead return 亡靈返鄉(xiāng)
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What happens to the lanterns at the end of the festival?
A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. Specially-made lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way. All night long, people dance and sing. In the early morning, the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water when the festival is over. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.
【課文翻譯】
日本每年過(guò)“亡靈節(jié)”。這個(gè)節(jié)日是個(gè)歡樂(lè)的日子，因?yàn)樵谶@一天，據(jù)說(shuō)死去的人要回到他們的家里來(lái)，活著的人則對(duì)他們表示歡迎。因?yàn)轭A(yù)料到他們?cè)诮?jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)途旅行之后會(huì)感到饑餓，所以為他們擺放好了食品。特制的燈籠掛在各家的門(mén)外，為的是幫助亡靈看清道路。整個(gè)夜晚人們載歌載舞。一大早，人們便把為死者擺放的食品扔進(jìn)河中或海里，因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為活著的人吃了這些東西是不吉利的。在靠海的城鎮(zhèn)中，頭天夜里掛在大街小巷的小燈籠在節(jié)后就放在了水里。成千上萬(wàn)只燈籠慢慢漂向大海，指引著亡靈返回另一個(gè)世界。這是一個(gè)感人的場(chǎng)面，人們成群地佇立在海岸上，注視著燈籠遠(yuǎn)去，直到再也看不見(jiàn)為止。
【生詞匯總】
festival n. 節(jié)日
lantern n. 燈籠
spectacle n. 景象，壯觀，場(chǎng)面
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. 這個(gè)節(jié)日是個(gè)歡樂(lè)的日子，因?yàn)樵谶@一天，據(jù)說(shuō)死去的人要回到他們的家里來(lái)，活著的人則對(duì)他們表示歡迎。
(1)the dead與the living 均為定冠詞+ 形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某類(lèi)人。
(2)被動(dòng)句， 主動(dòng)形式 the living say the dead will return to their home and they show their welcome.
2. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. 因?yàn)轭A(yù)料到他們?cè)诮?jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)途旅行之后會(huì)感到饑餓，所以為他們擺放好了食品。
as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，as從句常放在句首，說(shuō)明原因，主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果。
As he didn't know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.
由于他英語(yǔ)懂得不多，他在字典中查閱這個(gè)單詞。
除此as 還可以引導(dǎo)
(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他趕快回家，不時(shí)地一邊走一邊向后看。
(2)方式狀語(yǔ)從句：此處as譯為，按照或正如
Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的畫(huà)一只貓。
(3)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：as引出的狀語(yǔ)從句多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，它比用though或although引導(dǎo)的從句，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，更有表現(xiàn)力，從句常放在句首，語(yǔ)序部分倒裝。
Child as he is , he knows a lot.
雖然他是一個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。
(4)比較狀語(yǔ)從句：連詞表示同程度級(jí)的比較，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as，從屬連詞有as…as, not so/as…as, the same…as, such…as。
Mary is as old as my sister.
瑪利和我姐姐一樣大。
He doesn't run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那樣快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的書(shū)和我的一樣。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利這個(gè)工人不如彼得那樣好。
Lay out 其含義之一為“擺出”、“攤開(kāi)”：
Just as he laid out his book, the telephone rang.
他剛把書(shū)攤開(kāi)電話就響了。
3. specially-made lanterns，特制的燈籠。
specially-made 是個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞，由副詞+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
well-known 的
well-preserved 保存/保養(yǎng)得好的
4. All night long(=during the whole night)整個(gè)夜晚， all day long (= all the day)整天
long 在這里是副詞，表示“整個(gè)”、“在整段期間中”，通常與 all 連用：
She stayed with her grandfather all summer long.
她整個(gè)夏天都和她爺爺呆在一起。
5. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. 成千上萬(wàn)只燈籠慢慢漂向大海，指引著亡靈返回另一個(gè)世界。
The other world 另一個(gè)世界
Many people believe that when they die they will go to the other world.
許多人們相信，他們離開(kāi)人世會(huì)去另一個(gè)世界。
hereafter 來(lái)世
Do you believe in the hereafter?
你是否相信有來(lái)世?
《新概念英語(yǔ)》94課: Future champions 未來(lái)的冠軍
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What kind of race do the children compete in?
Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles, but most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage those among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.
【課文翻譯】
實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，兒童在很小的時(shí)候就可以開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)游泳。在洛杉磯的一個(gè)特設(shè)的游泳池里，孩子們甚至在還沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)走路時(shí)就已經(jīng)能熟練地在水下屏住呼吸了。兩個(gè)月的嬰兒并未顯得不愿意入水。他們很快便適應(yīng)了游泳，以致能撿起池底的物品。這些幼小的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員非常喜愛(ài)的一種游戲是水下三輪車(chē)比賽。三輪車(chē)并排放在7英尺深的游泳池底上。孩子們比賽看誰(shuí)先到達(dá)游泳池的另一端。很多孩子用腳蹬車(chē)，但多數(shù)孩子更愿意推或是拉著三輪車(chē)。有些孩子能夠跑完游泳池的全長(zhǎng)而不用露出水面換氣。他們將來(lái)是否能成為奧林匹克的冠軍，這只能由時(shí)間來(lái)作出回答。與此同時(shí)，他們對(duì)我們中的那些游不了5碼就已喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的人應(yīng)該是種鼓舞。
【生詞匯總】
instruct v. 指導(dǎo)，傳授
Los Angeles洛杉磯
reluctant adj. 勉強(qiáng)的，不愿意的
weight n. 重物
underwater adj. 水下的
tricycle n. 三輪車(chē)
compete v. 比賽，對(duì)抗
yard n. 碼
gasp v. 喘氣
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1. Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. 實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，兒童在很小的時(shí)候就可以開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)游泳。
1)Instruct vt.教授 ; 命令
instruct sb. in english教某人英語(yǔ)
Instruct sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事
He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往紐約。
teach普通用詞，含義廣泛。指直接教某人知識(shí)或技能等，側(cè)重傳播知識(shí)和幫助應(yīng)用知識(shí)。
instruct與teach含義很接近，但語(yǔ)體較正式。指系統(tǒng)、詳細(xì)、精心地傳播知識(shí)，側(cè)重教授與指示。
2)at a very early age 這是一個(gè)固定的搭配，“ 在很小的時(shí)候”。年齡的表達(dá)還有很多種形式，例如：“他20歲”
He is twenty.
He is twenty years old.
He is a twenty-year-old man.
He is aged twenty. (age可用作動(dòng)詞)
He is at age twenty.
He is at the age of twenty.
He is twenty years of age.
表示“在某人幾十多歲”，用“in one's +基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”，例如：
他七十多歲。He is in his seventies.(從70歲到79歲之間)
她五十多歲。She is in her fifties.(從50歲到59歲之間)
2. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. 在洛杉磯的一個(gè)特設(shè)的游泳池里，孩子們甚至在還沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì)走路時(shí)就已經(jīng)能熟練地在水下屏住呼吸了。
句型： before 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯為“在…之前…”。
1)expert表示“熟練者”、“專(zhuān)家”， 后面通常跟at/in/on sth/doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)
He was an expert in reproducing of ancient pictures.
他是一個(gè)臨摹古畫(huà)的能手
The scientist is an expert in the field of Biochemistry.
這位科學(xué)家是生化學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的專(zhuān)家
2)hold one's breath 為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“屏住呼吸”：
Hold your breath for a few seconds.
屏息幾秒鐘。
out of breath:上氣不接下氣
She was out of breath from climbing the stairs.
爬樓梯使她上氣不接下氣的。
waste one's breath;白費(fèi)口舌
Don't waste your breath on him.
不要對(duì)他白費(fèi)唇舌。
in one breath:片刻
Several students made the request in one breath.
好幾個(gè)學(xué)生同時(shí)提出這個(gè)要求。
3. It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. 他們很快便適應(yīng)了游泳，以致能撿起池底的物品。
1)句型：It is not long before… “不久…”“很快…”
It will not be a long time before we finish this dictionary.
我們用不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就能把這部詞典編完。
so…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
He was so angry that he couldn’t speak.
他氣得話都說(shuō)不出來(lái)。
2)be accustomed to(=be used to doing) 表示“習(xí)慣于”、“適應(yīng)…”，后面通常跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞：
I'm accustomed to cold weather.
我習(xí)慣了冷天氣。
accustom oneself to sth./doing sth. …“使自己養(yǎng)成...的習(xí)慣”，“使自己適應(yīng)…”
She found it necessary to accustom herself to getting up early.
她發(fā)現(xiàn)讓自己養(yǎng)成早起的習(xí)慣是很必要的。
4. A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. 這些幼小的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員非常喜愛(ài)的一種游戲是水下三輪車(chē)比賽。
句型： that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(that is very popular with these young swimmers)修飾 a game。
1)be popular with(among)“ 受…的歡迎”，“為…所喜愛(ài)”
Mary is popular with / among children.
瑪麗受孩子們的歡迎。
2) tricycle = tri+ cycle 三輪車(chē)
常見(jiàn)的拉丁數(shù)字前綴：
One – uni – unique 獨(dú)特的(); uniform 制服
Two – bi/du- bicycle自行車(chē)(兩個(gè)輪子);bilingual 雙語(yǔ)的; dual 二重的
Three- tri- triangle 三角形
Four - quadr/quart - quadruple 四倍
Five – quint- quintuple 五倍;quincentenary 五百周年紀(jì)念的
Six - sex- sexangle 六邊形; sextet 六重奏
Seven - sept- septangle 七邊形 ;septennial 七年一度的
Eight - octa- octopus 章魚(yú)(章魚(yú)有八條腿); octapod 章魚(yú)類(lèi)生物
Nine - non- nonagon 九邊形 ;nonet 九重奏; nonuple 九倍
Ten - deci- decimalism 十進(jìn)制; decimeter 十米
Half - semi- simicircle 半圓 ;semicolonial 半殖民地
Many - multi- multitude 多數(shù)，大量;multimedia 多媒體
Hundred - cent- century 世紀(jì); centigrade 度
5. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. 他們將來(lái)是否能成為奧林匹克的冠軍，這只能由時(shí)間來(lái)作出回答。
1)Whether 引導(dǎo)的從句，是tell 賓語(yǔ)，正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椤皁nly time will tell whether they …”
賓語(yǔ)從句置于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。通常，以疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句會(huì)用于這種句型：
Whether she will come or not , no one knows.
她是否會(huì)來(lái)，沒(méi)有人知道。
2)whether 和 if的區(qū)別
(1)whether 和 if 在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般可以通用：
I don't care whether/if it will rain or not.
(2)當(dāng)后面跟 or not 時(shí)，只能用whether.
I don't care whether or not it will rain.
(3)賓語(yǔ)從句放置句首是，用 whether ，不用if
Whether it is true or not, I can't say.
這個(gè)是真是假，我無(wú)法斷言
(4)在介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用whether:
It all depends on whether they will support us.
這完全取決于他們是否支持我們
(5)用if 會(huì)引起歧義的時(shí)，用whether:
please let me know if you want come.
請(qǐng)通知我你是否想來(lái)/如果你想來(lái)請(qǐng)通知我們(歧義)
Please let me know whether you want to come.
請(qǐng)通知我你是否想來(lái)
(6)其它幾種只用whether的情況：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)(例3);后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。
《新概念英語(yǔ)》95課: A fantasy 純屬虛構(gòu)
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
Why was the Ambassador particularly lucky?
When the Ambassador of Escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.
'What has happened?' she asked. 'How did your clothes get into such a mess?'
'A fire extinguisher, my dear,' answered the Ambassador drily. 'University students set the Embassy on fire this morning.'
'Good heavens!' exclaimed his wife. 'And where were you at the time?'
'I was in my office as usual,' answered the Ambassador. 'The fire broke out in the basement. I went down immediately, of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fire extinguisher at me. He thought I was on fire. I must definitely get that fellow posted.'
The Ambassador's wife went on asking questions, when she suddenly noticed a big hole in her husband's hat.
'And how can you explain that?' she asked.
'Oh, that,' said the Ambassador. 'Someone fired a shot through my office window. Accurate, don't you think? Fortunately, I wasn't wearing it at the time. If I had been, I would not have been able to get home for lunch.'
【課文翻譯】
當(dāng)艾斯卡羅比亞國(guó)的大使回到家吃午飯時(shí)，把他的夫人嚇了一跳。他面色蒼白，衣服也搞得不成樣子。
“發(fā)生了什么事?”她問(wèn)，“你的衣服怎么搞得一塌糊涂?”
“滅火器弄的，親愛(ài)的，”大使冷冷地回答，“今天上午大學(xué)生們放火點(diǎn)著了大使館?！?BR> “天啊!”他的夫人驚叫，“那你當(dāng)時(shí)在什么地方?”
“我和往常一樣，在辦公室里，”大使回答說(shuō)?！暗叵率彝蝗恢?，我當(dāng)然馬上下去了。但那個(gè)傻瓜霍斯特把滅火器對(duì)準(zhǔn)了我。他認(rèn)為是我著火了。我一定要把那個(gè)家伙打發(fā)走?！?BR> 大使夫人繼續(xù)提出問(wèn)題，她突然又發(fā)現(xiàn)丈夫的帽子上有個(gè)洞。
“那么你對(duì)那又作何解釋呢?”她問(wèn)。
“那個(gè)嘛，”大使說(shuō)，“有人向我辦公室窗戶(hù)開(kāi)了一槍。真夠準(zhǔn)的，是不是?幸虧我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)戴帽子。如果真戴著它，我現(xiàn)在就不能回家來(lái)吃午飯了?！?BR> 【生詞匯總】
fantasy n. 幻想故事
ambassador n. 大使
Escalopia n. 艾斯卡羅比亞(虛構(gòu)的國(guó)名)
frightful adj. 可怕的，令人吃驚的
fire extinguisher 滅火器
drily adv. 冷淡地，枯燥無(wú)味地
embassy n. 大使館
heaven n. 天，天堂
basement n. 地下室
definitely adv. 肯定地
post v. 派任
shot n. 子彈
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1. When the Ambassador or Escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. 當(dāng)艾斯卡羅比亞國(guó)的大使回到家吃午飯時(shí)，把他的夫人嚇了一跳。
Japan's ambassador to China 日本駐華大使
Embassy of Japan in China日本駐華大使館
2. 'How did your clothes get into such a mess?'“你的衣服怎么搞得一塌糊涂?”
mess 表示“臟亂狀態(tài)”時(shí)通常與in連用或與 get into連用，get into such a mess“一塌糊涂”。
Why was your hair in such a mess?
你的頭發(fā)怎么會(huì)那么亂?
Your bedroom is totally in a mess.
你的臥室簡(jiǎn)直一團(tuán)糟。
mess動(dòng)詞把…弄亂，作此意時(shí)，多數(shù)會(huì)和up連用，to mess up指把什么東西弄壞，陷入困境
I was used to him messing up the kitchen.
我對(duì)他把廚房弄臟已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了
Don't let alcohol or drug mess up your brain.
不要讓酒精和毒品毀掉你的頭腦。
If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about our mistakes, learn from them.
如果你陷入困境，那不是你父母的錯(cuò)，因此不要為我們的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)牢騷，從中吸取教訓(xùn)吧。
3. University students set the Embassy on fire this morning. 今天上午大學(xué)生們放火點(diǎn)著了大使館。
set… on fire/set fire to sth 縱火，引起點(diǎn)火或燃燒
The police found out the criminal who had set the cinema on fire yesterday.
警察查出了昨天縱火燒電*的犯人。
In 1834, someone set fire to the Houses of Parliament.
1834年，有人放火點(diǎn)著了國(guó)會(huì)大廈。
4. 'I was in my office as usual,' answered the Ambassador. 'The fire broke out in the basement. “我和往常一樣，在辦公室里，”大使回答說(shuō)?！暗叵率彝蝗恢穑耶?dāng)然馬上下去了?！?BR> break out (=begin suddenly) 火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火山、地震爆等“突然發(fā)生”、“爆發(fā)”
In the world anti-Facist wars,the Sino-Japanese war was the first to break out and lasted the longest.
在這場(chǎng)世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，中國(guó)人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始早、持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。
5. I went down immediately, of course, and that fool, Horst, aimed a fire extinguisher at me. He thought I was on fire. I must definitely get that fellow posted.'“我當(dāng)然馬上下去了。但那個(gè)傻瓜霍斯特把滅火器對(duì)準(zhǔn)了我。他認(rèn)為是我著火了。我一定要把那個(gè)家伙打發(fā)走。”
aim的用法說(shuō)明 ：
1) 不管用作名詞還是動(dòng)詞，其后均常接介詞 at
He aimed hisgun at the bird, but did not fire.
他用槍瞄準(zhǔn)鳥(niǎo)，但沒(méi)開(kāi)槍。
He took aim at the bird, but missed.
他向鳥(niǎo)瞄準(zhǔn)，但沒(méi)射中。
有時(shí)其后也接介詞 for, 表示希望達(dá)到某個(gè)目標(biāo)：
We should aimfor the best results.
我們要力爭(zhēng)獲得好的結(jié)果
2) 其后接不定式，表示“想要做某事” (有時(shí)可與aim at doing互換)：
He aims to become (=at becoming) a computer expert.
他想成為計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)家
3) 用作名詞，表示“目的”、“目標(biāo)”等，是可數(shù)名詞;表示“瞄準(zhǔn)”，是不可數(shù)名詞：
John has only one aim in life --- to be amillionaire.
約翰的人生只有一個(gè)目標(biāo)，就是成為百萬(wàn)富翁
Takecareful aim at the target.
仔細(xì)瞄準(zhǔn)
4) “實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”在英語(yǔ)中要用動(dòng)詞 achieve, 一般不用 reach：
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.
要讓每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。
《新概念英語(yǔ)》96課: The dead return 亡靈返鄉(xiāng)
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What happens to the lanterns at the end of the festival?
A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. Specially-made lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way. All night long, people dance and sing. In the early morning, the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water when the festival is over. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.
【課文翻譯】
日本每年過(guò)“亡靈節(jié)”。這個(gè)節(jié)日是個(gè)歡樂(lè)的日子，因?yàn)樵谶@一天，據(jù)說(shuō)死去的人要回到他們的家里來(lái)，活著的人則對(duì)他們表示歡迎。因?yàn)轭A(yù)料到他們?cè)诮?jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)途旅行之后會(huì)感到饑餓，所以為他們擺放好了食品。特制的燈籠掛在各家的門(mén)外，為的是幫助亡靈看清道路。整個(gè)夜晚人們載歌載舞。一大早，人們便把為死者擺放的食品扔進(jìn)河中或海里，因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為活著的人吃了這些東西是不吉利的。在靠海的城鎮(zhèn)中，頭天夜里掛在大街小巷的小燈籠在節(jié)后就放在了水里。成千上萬(wàn)只燈籠慢慢漂向大海，指引著亡靈返回另一個(gè)世界。這是一個(gè)感人的場(chǎng)面，人們成群地佇立在海岸上，注視著燈籠遠(yuǎn)去，直到再也看不見(jiàn)為止。
【生詞匯總】
festival n. 節(jié)日
lantern n. 燈籠
spectacle n. 景象，壯觀，場(chǎng)面
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. 這個(gè)節(jié)日是個(gè)歡樂(lè)的日子，因?yàn)樵谶@一天，據(jù)說(shuō)死去的人要回到他們的家里來(lái)，活著的人則對(duì)他們表示歡迎。
(1)the dead與the living 均為定冠詞+ 形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某類(lèi)人。
(2)被動(dòng)句， 主動(dòng)形式 the living say the dead will return to their home and they show their welcome.
2. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. 因?yàn)轭A(yù)料到他們?cè)诮?jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)途旅行之后會(huì)感到饑餓，所以為他們擺放好了食品。
as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，as從句常放在句首，說(shuō)明原因，主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果。
As he didn't know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.
由于他英語(yǔ)懂得不多，他在字典中查閱這個(gè)單詞。
除此as 還可以引導(dǎo)
(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他趕快回家，不時(shí)地一邊走一邊向后看。
(2)方式狀語(yǔ)從句：此處as譯為，按照或正如
Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的畫(huà)一只貓。
(3)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：as引出的狀語(yǔ)從句多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，它比用though或although引導(dǎo)的從句，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，更有表現(xiàn)力，從句常放在句首，語(yǔ)序部分倒裝。
Child as he is , he knows a lot.
雖然他是一個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。
(4)比較狀語(yǔ)從句：連詞表示同程度級(jí)的比較，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as，從屬連詞有as…as, not so/as…as, the same…as, such…as。
Mary is as old as my sister.
瑪利和我姐姐一樣大。
He doesn't run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那樣快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的書(shū)和我的一樣。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利這個(gè)工人不如彼得那樣好。
Lay out 其含義之一為“擺出”、“攤開(kāi)”：
Just as he laid out his book, the telephone rang.
他剛把書(shū)攤開(kāi)電話就響了。
3. specially-made lanterns，特制的燈籠。
specially-made 是個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞，由副詞+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
well-known 的
well-preserved 保存/保養(yǎng)得好的
4. All night long(=during the whole night)整個(gè)夜晚， all day long (= all the day)整天
long 在這里是副詞，表示“整個(gè)”、“在整段期間中”，通常與 all 連用：
She stayed with her grandfather all summer long.
她整個(gè)夏天都和她爺爺呆在一起。
5. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. 成千上萬(wàn)只燈籠慢慢漂向大海，指引著亡靈返回另一個(gè)世界。
The other world 另一個(gè)世界
Many people believe that when they die they will go to the other world.
許多人們相信，他們離開(kāi)人世會(huì)去另一個(gè)世界。
hereafter 來(lái)世
Do you believe in the hereafter?
你是否相信有來(lái)世?