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A new study says one of the best ways to curb greenhouse gas emissions is to eat less meat. In fact, the study says meat consumption in the developed should be cut by 50 percent per person by 2050.
一份新的研究說(shuō)，遏制溫室氣體排放的辦法之一是少吃肉。事實(shí)上，研究說(shuō)，已開發(fā)國(guó)家每人的肉類消費(fèi)量應(yīng)該在2050年前減少50%。
Meat production and consumption are expected to soar by 2050. That’s because the global population is projected to grow from the current 7 billion to 9 billion. But also, the diets of people in many developing countries are changing. Countries with emerging economies are seeing a sharp rise in protein consumption, especially red meat.
肉類生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)將在2050年前上升，這是因?yàn)槿蛉丝陬A(yù)計(jì)從目前70億增加到90億。但同時(shí)，許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家人民的飲食正發(fā)生變化。新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)，尤其是紅肉的消費(fèi)急劇上升。
Dr. Eric Davidson said changing how people eat can have a dramatic effect on greenhouse gas emissions. People in developed countries, he said, already eat much more protein than the daily minimum requirement.
艾瑞克.大衛(wèi)森博士說(shuō)，改變?nèi)藗兊娘嬍硶?huì)對(duì)溫室氣體排放有顯著影響。他說(shuō)，已開發(fā)國(guó)家人們吃的蛋白質(zhì)已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)每日所需。
“In the developed world there’s considerable room for us to manage our portion sizes and the frequency with which we eat meat. We’re not talking about everybody suddenly needing to become a vegetarian. Rather it’s kind of reversing the supersize trend and being more mindful of the impacts of the amount of meat and the types of meat, both for the environment and our own health,” he said.
大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)：“在已開發(fā)國(guó)家，我們吃肉的份量和頻率還有很大的改變空間。我們不是說(shuō)每個(gè)人要突然變成素食者。而是說(shuō)，要扭轉(zhuǎn)超大份量的趨勢(shì)，更注意肉類的份量和種類對(duì)環(huán)境和自身健康的影響?！?BR> Davidson is the president and senior scientist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts.
麻薩諸塞州伍德霍爾研究中心的主席和資深科學(xué)家大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)：Meat, manure and gas“If there is a growing demand for meat, which of course there is, that is going to end up requiring use of more nitrogen fertilizer and production of more livestock manure, both of which end up resulting in unintentional releases of various forms of nitrogen to the environment, including nitrates to groundwater and surface water and also greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide to the atmosphere,” he said.
“如果對(duì)肉的需求增加--確實(shí)也有所增加，那么就需要使用更多氮肥和制造更多糞肥，兩個(gè)都會(huì)無(wú)意間對(duì)環(huán)境釋放出不同形態(tài)的氮，包括向地下水和地表水排放硝酸鹽，同時(shí)將氧化亞氮等溫室氣體排到空氣中?！?BR> Davidson looked for ways to ease the effects of climate change that would support an aggressive strategy laid out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In particular, the effects of nitrous oxide, described as the third biggest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide and methane.
大衛(wèi)森尋找緩解氣候變遷影響的方式，來(lái)支持政府間氣候變遷小組所制定的一份積極策略。他說(shuō)，特別是氧化亞氮產(chǎn)生的影響，氧化亞氮被形容是二氧化碳和甲烷之外促成氣候變遷的第三大因素。
But while nitrous oxide ranks number three in greenhouse gases, it is considered the most potent. It’s much better at absorbing infrared radiation. In other words, the sun’s energy passes through the Earth’s atmosphere, heats things up and is then released through infrared radiation. But that radiation then hits the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and goes no further.
雖然氧化亞氮在溫室氣體中排名第三，但它被認(rèn)為是最有力的。它對(duì)紅外幅射的吸收力更強(qiáng)。換句話說(shuō)，太陽(yáng)能穿透地球的大氣層、加溫、然后通過(guò)紅外幅射釋放。但當(dāng)幅射在氣層遇到這個(gè)溫室氣體后就無(wú)法再散出去。Davidson has a simple analogy.
大衛(wèi)森作了一個(gè)類比說(shuō)：“It’s sort of the same idea as a parked car. The energy goes through the windshield of a car pretty easily. It’s absorbed on the car seat. Gets the car seat hot. Re-radiates out and it cannot escape the windshield on the way out. This infrared radiation cannot escape the windshield and so the inside of the car heats up. The physics is pretty well understood for climate change. I think we’d probably have better acceptance of it if we called it the parked car effect instead of the greenhouse gas effect,” he said.“
這有點(diǎn)象停著的車。能量能輕易穿透車窗，被車內(nèi)的座椅吸收，讓椅子變熱。然后它重新向外散發(fā)時(shí)卻無(wú)法穿過(guò)車窗，所以車內(nèi)變熱。這個(gè)物理學(xué)很能解釋氣候變遷。我想，如果我們稱它車子效應(yīng)而不是溫室氣體效應(yīng)會(huì)比較容易接受?！?BR> And nitrous oxide stays in the atmosphere a very long time before breaking down. It can take over a hundred years to break down one molecule of the gas. The main sources of nitrous oxide are synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and storage and use of livestock manure.
氧化亞氮在分解前會(huì)在空氣中停留很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。分解一個(gè)氣體分子可能花超過(guò)一百年。氧化亞氮的主要來(lái)源是合成氮肥以及糞肥的儲(chǔ)存和使用。
Start nowDavidson says farmers should be given incentives to use fertilizers and manure more judiciously.
大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)，應(yīng)該給農(nóng)夫誘因讓他們更明智地使用肥料和糞肥。“If we want to meet the most ambitious and optimistic goal of these scenarios of bringing harmful climate change under control, we need to improve the efficiency with which we use fertilizers in agriculture. We need to improve the efficiency of the management of manure. And we also need to consider changes in dietary patterns. And that means hopefully better diets in the developing world and better balanced diets in the developed world,” he said.
大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)：“如果我們想要達(dá)到控制氣候變遷的有野心而樂觀的目標(biāo)，我們要改善農(nóng)業(yè)使用肥料的效率。我們要改善處理糞肥的效率。我們還需要思考改變飲食模式。希望在發(fā)展中國(guó)家有更好的飲食和已開發(fā)國(guó)家更均衡的飲食。”
Even if it were possible to turn off all harmful greenhouse gas emissions today, he said climate change would continue.
即使今天有辦法消除所有溫室氣體，他說(shuō)，氣候變遷還是會(huì)繼續(xù)。
“That doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t start the mitigation now because the sooner we start it the more options our children and grandchildren will have in terms of being able to feed themselves and have prosperous lifestyles without environmental degradation,” he said.
大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)：“這不代表我們不應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就開始減少溫室氣體，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)娇扉_始，我們的子孫在不破壞環(huán)境下養(yǎng)活自己和擁有繁榮生活方面就有越多選擇?！?BR> Davidson’s findings appear in IOP Publishing’s Environmental Research Letters.
A new study says one of the best ways to curb greenhouse gas emissions is to eat less meat. In fact, the study says meat consumption in the developed should be cut by 50 percent per person by 2050.
一份新的研究說(shuō)，遏制溫室氣體排放的辦法之一是少吃肉。事實(shí)上，研究說(shuō)，已開發(fā)國(guó)家每人的肉類消費(fèi)量應(yīng)該在2050年前減少50%。
Meat production and consumption are expected to soar by 2050. That’s because the global population is projected to grow from the current 7 billion to 9 billion. But also, the diets of people in many developing countries are changing. Countries with emerging economies are seeing a sharp rise in protein consumption, especially red meat.
肉類生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)將在2050年前上升，這是因?yàn)槿蛉丝陬A(yù)計(jì)從目前70億增加到90億。但同時(shí)，許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家人民的飲食正發(fā)生變化。新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)，尤其是紅肉的消費(fèi)急劇上升。
Dr. Eric Davidson said changing how people eat can have a dramatic effect on greenhouse gas emissions. People in developed countries, he said, already eat much more protein than the daily minimum requirement.
艾瑞克.大衛(wèi)森博士說(shuō)，改變?nèi)藗兊娘嬍硶?huì)對(duì)溫室氣體排放有顯著影響。他說(shuō)，已開發(fā)國(guó)家人們吃的蛋白質(zhì)已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)每日所需。
“In the developed world there’s considerable room for us to manage our portion sizes and the frequency with which we eat meat. We’re not talking about everybody suddenly needing to become a vegetarian. Rather it’s kind of reversing the supersize trend and being more mindful of the impacts of the amount of meat and the types of meat, both for the environment and our own health,” he said.
大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)：“在已開發(fā)國(guó)家，我們吃肉的份量和頻率還有很大的改變空間。我們不是說(shuō)每個(gè)人要突然變成素食者。而是說(shuō)，要扭轉(zhuǎn)超大份量的趨勢(shì)，更注意肉類的份量和種類對(duì)環(huán)境和自身健康的影響?！?BR> Davidson is the president and senior scientist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts.
麻薩諸塞州伍德霍爾研究中心的主席和資深科學(xué)家大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)：Meat, manure and gas“If there is a growing demand for meat, which of course there is, that is going to end up requiring use of more nitrogen fertilizer and production of more livestock manure, both of which end up resulting in unintentional releases of various forms of nitrogen to the environment, including nitrates to groundwater and surface water and also greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide to the atmosphere,” he said.
“如果對(duì)肉的需求增加--確實(shí)也有所增加，那么就需要使用更多氮肥和制造更多糞肥，兩個(gè)都會(huì)無(wú)意間對(duì)環(huán)境釋放出不同形態(tài)的氮，包括向地下水和地表水排放硝酸鹽，同時(shí)將氧化亞氮等溫室氣體排到空氣中?！?BR> Davidson looked for ways to ease the effects of climate change that would support an aggressive strategy laid out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In particular, the effects of nitrous oxide, described as the third biggest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide and methane.
大衛(wèi)森尋找緩解氣候變遷影響的方式，來(lái)支持政府間氣候變遷小組所制定的一份積極策略。他說(shuō)，特別是氧化亞氮產(chǎn)生的影響，氧化亞氮被形容是二氧化碳和甲烷之外促成氣候變遷的第三大因素。
But while nitrous oxide ranks number three in greenhouse gases, it is considered the most potent. It’s much better at absorbing infrared radiation. In other words, the sun’s energy passes through the Earth’s atmosphere, heats things up and is then released through infrared radiation. But that radiation then hits the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and goes no further.
雖然氧化亞氮在溫室氣體中排名第三，但它被認(rèn)為是最有力的。它對(duì)紅外幅射的吸收力更強(qiáng)。換句話說(shuō)，太陽(yáng)能穿透地球的大氣層、加溫、然后通過(guò)紅外幅射釋放。但當(dāng)幅射在氣層遇到這個(gè)溫室氣體后就無(wú)法再散出去。Davidson has a simple analogy.
大衛(wèi)森作了一個(gè)類比說(shuō)：“It’s sort of the same idea as a parked car. The energy goes through the windshield of a car pretty easily. It’s absorbed on the car seat. Gets the car seat hot. Re-radiates out and it cannot escape the windshield on the way out. This infrared radiation cannot escape the windshield and so the inside of the car heats up. The physics is pretty well understood for climate change. I think we’d probably have better acceptance of it if we called it the parked car effect instead of the greenhouse gas effect,” he said.“
這有點(diǎn)象停著的車。能量能輕易穿透車窗，被車內(nèi)的座椅吸收，讓椅子變熱。然后它重新向外散發(fā)時(shí)卻無(wú)法穿過(guò)車窗，所以車內(nèi)變熱。這個(gè)物理學(xué)很能解釋氣候變遷。我想，如果我們稱它車子效應(yīng)而不是溫室氣體效應(yīng)會(huì)比較容易接受?！?BR> And nitrous oxide stays in the atmosphere a very long time before breaking down. It can take over a hundred years to break down one molecule of the gas. The main sources of nitrous oxide are synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and storage and use of livestock manure.
氧化亞氮在分解前會(huì)在空氣中停留很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。分解一個(gè)氣體分子可能花超過(guò)一百年。氧化亞氮的主要來(lái)源是合成氮肥以及糞肥的儲(chǔ)存和使用。
Start nowDavidson says farmers should be given incentives to use fertilizers and manure more judiciously.
大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)，應(yīng)該給農(nóng)夫誘因讓他們更明智地使用肥料和糞肥。“If we want to meet the most ambitious and optimistic goal of these scenarios of bringing harmful climate change under control, we need to improve the efficiency with which we use fertilizers in agriculture. We need to improve the efficiency of the management of manure. And we also need to consider changes in dietary patterns. And that means hopefully better diets in the developing world and better balanced diets in the developed world,” he said.
大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)：“如果我們想要達(dá)到控制氣候變遷的有野心而樂觀的目標(biāo)，我們要改善農(nóng)業(yè)使用肥料的效率。我們要改善處理糞肥的效率。我們還需要思考改變飲食模式。希望在發(fā)展中國(guó)家有更好的飲食和已開發(fā)國(guó)家更均衡的飲食。”
Even if it were possible to turn off all harmful greenhouse gas emissions today, he said climate change would continue.
即使今天有辦法消除所有溫室氣體，他說(shuō)，氣候變遷還是會(huì)繼續(xù)。
“That doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t start the mitigation now because the sooner we start it the more options our children and grandchildren will have in terms of being able to feed themselves and have prosperous lifestyles without environmental degradation,” he said.
大衛(wèi)森說(shuō)：“這不代表我們不應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在就開始減少溫室氣體，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)娇扉_始，我們的子孫在不破壞環(huán)境下養(yǎng)活自己和擁有繁榮生活方面就有越多選擇?！?BR> Davidson’s findings appear in IOP Publishing’s Environmental Research Letters.