新概念英語作為一套世界聞名的英語教程,以其全新的教學(xué)理念,有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓(xùn)練,深受廣大英語學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎和喜愛。為您提供,希望以下內(nèi)容能夠為大家的新概念英語學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助!
【篇一】 疑問代詞
用來構(gòu)成疑問句的代詞,我們稱為疑問代詞。英語中,疑問代詞主要有九個:
指人:who,whom,whose,whoever,whomever
指物:what,whatever
既指人又可指物:which,whichever
小伙伴們,when, where, how, why等引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的詞語,我們稱之為“疑問副詞”,所以別搞糊涂了!
一般而言,疑問代詞在句中位于謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有賓格的變化(whom)。除此以外,我們還需要注意以下幾點:
1. who通常作主語和表語,whom作賓語:
主語:Who is speaking? 是哪一位(打電話)?
表語:Who is she? 她是誰?
賓語:Who(m) are you looking for? 你在找誰?
2. what,whose,which可以用作主語、表語、賓語和定語。(此處還可以理解為,它們對句子中所提問的成分,就是它們所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。當(dāng)然,它們還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:
主語:What happened later? 后來發(fā)生什么事情了?
Whose is broken? 誰的壞了?
Which is yours? 哪個是你的?
表語:What’s you mother? 你 媽媽是做什么工作的?
Whose is this book? 這本書是誰的?
賓語:What do you mean? 你是什么意思?
Which do you want? 你想要哪一個?
Whose do you prefer? 你更喜歡誰的?
定語:What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點了?
Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本書?
Whose dress is this? 這是誰的連衣裙?
從句:They have done what they can do. 他們已經(jīng)盡其所能。
Do you know whose is the book on the table? 你知道桌上的書是誰的嗎?
Can you tell me which he will choose? 你能告訴我他會選擇哪一個嗎?
3. whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever用法如下:
(1)引導(dǎo)狀語從句:意為“無論什么(是誰、哪一個)”等,此時相當(dāng)于 no matter what (who, which, whom)。(其中whomever在現(xiàn)代英語已基本不用)。
Whatever [No matter what] happens, keep calm. 無論發(fā)生什么,都要保持鎮(zhèn)定。
Whoever [No matter who] you are, I will help you. 不管你是誰,我都會幫你的。
Whichever [No matter which] you choose, I’ll agree with you. 無論你選擇哪一個,我都沒意見。
(2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:主語從句或賓語從句。
He does whatever his mother asks him to do. 媽媽要他做什么,他就做什么。
Whoever comes here will be welcome. 到這兒的人都受歡迎。
Whichever gains the most points wins. 得分高者勝。
【篇二】反身代詞
1) 列表
I you you she he
myself yourself yourselves herself himself
we they it one
ourselves themselves itself oneself
反身代詞以-self(單數(shù))或-selves(復(fù)數(shù))結(jié)尾。
第一、二人稱的反身代詞由物主代詞加-self構(gòu)成。
第三人稱的反身代詞由代詞賓格加-self構(gòu)成。反身代詞有三種不同的用法:
一、非強(qiáng)調(diào)用法
這種用法通常表示反身代詞與句中的主語是同一人。它在句中作賓語,不能省略,否則該句是一個意義不完整的錯句。例如:
(1)Jane is too young to look after herself.(簡年紀(jì)太小,以至于不能照看自己)
(2)I teach myself English.(我自學(xué)英語)
(3)He didn't hurt himself, thank goodness.(他未傷了他自己,謝天謝地。)
二、強(qiáng)調(diào)用法
反身代詞在強(qiáng)調(diào)用法中表示強(qiáng)調(diào),即用來加強(qiáng)某個名詞或者代詞的語氣,可譯成“親自”、“本人”。此時,它在句中作同位語。即使去掉,也不影響句子的完整性。例如:
(1)You must do it yourself.(你必須自己做)
(2)I myself did the homework last night。(昨晚是我自己做了家庭作業(yè))
三、與by搭配
當(dāng)反身代詞與by搭配時,意為:單獨地,沒有人幫助的。例如:
(1)We must finish it all by ourselves.(我們必須全靠自己去完成。)
(2)He can swim all by himself.(他能獨自一個人游泳。)
反身代詞的句法功能
一、作表語
She's not herself today. 她今天跟平常真是判若兩人。
二、作賓語
Please help yourself to some fish. 請隨便吃點魚。
三、作介賓
I learned English by myself. 我自學(xué)英語。
四、作同位語
He can do that himself. 他自己能做那件事。
反身代詞用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語
The king himself gave her the medal. 是國王親自授予她勛章的。
(注:念這句句子時 self 要重讀。)
這樣使用的反身代詞并不是必不可少的,如被省略也不會改變句子的意思。它的作用是強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語,通常位于主語之后:
Tom himself went. 湯姆親自去了。
在有賓語時也可位于賓語之后:
Ann opened the door herself. / Ann herself opened the door. 安親自開門。
反身代詞的習(xí)慣用法
in oneself 本身、本質(zhì)上
to oneself 供自己用
by oneself 獨自地、單獨地
for oneself 替自己
amuse oneself 自娛自樂
help oneself to 隨便吃
enjoy oneself 過得很快活
teach oneself 自學(xué)
speak to oneself 自言自語
devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于...
lose oneself = lose one's way 迷路
make oneself understand 讓別人懂得自己的意思
among one selves 在...之間
between one selves 私下說的話(不可告訴別人)
【篇三】關(guān)系代詞
一、定義
所謂關(guān)系代詞,就是指用于引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞。我們之所以把這類代詞叫做關(guān)系代詞,是因為它們具有關(guān)聯(lián)作用,能把所引導(dǎo)的從句與從句所修飾的詞語(即先行詞)聯(lián)系起來。
英語中常用的關(guān)系代詞有:which、that、who、whom、whose。根據(jù)這些代詞在句中的句法功能,可以把它們分為主格、賓格和所有格三類,即:
主格:which、that、who
賓格:which、that、who、whom
所有格:whose
二、用法例解
(一)which
which引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中既可以作主語,也可以做賓語。如:
Yesterday I lost the book which my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift. (作賓語)
Yesterday I lost the book which had been given to me by my English teacher as a birthday gift. (作主語)
【注意】
1、當(dāng)which在從句中作賓語時,可以省略。如:
Yesterday I lost the book my English teacher had given me as a birthday gift.2、which也可以用來連接非限定性定語從句。如:
Yesterday I left Alice Springs, which is a small town in the center of Australia.3、which可以與介詞一起使用,在從句中作狀語,相當(dāng)于一個關(guān)系副詞。如:
Yesterday I left Alice Springs, in which there is a big desert park.句中的in which就相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where,可以用where來替換。
(二)that
that引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中既可以作主語,也可以作賓語。如:
This is the dictionary that has helped me a lot in my English study. (作主語)
This is the dictionary that you are looking for. (作賓語)【注意】
1、當(dāng)that在從句中作主語時,經(jīng)??梢杂脀hich來替換。如:
This is the dictionary which has helped me a lot in my English study.但也有很多情況只能用that,之后我會在專門分享定語從句的時候再跟大家詳細(xì)梳理。
2、當(dāng)that在從句中作賓語時,也可以用which來替換,而且經(jīng)常會省略。如:
This is the dictionary you are looking for.不過,跟that作主語的情況一樣,也有很多情況下,關(guān)系代詞只能that,不能用which的下次再作詳細(xì)分享。
3、that不能引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。如:
錯誤:This is the dictionary, that cost me five dollars.句中的that要改為which。
(三)who
who引導(dǎo)定語從句時,在從句中一般作主語。如:
He is the man who called me four times yesterday.【注意】
1、who有時也會在從句中作賓語,相當(dāng)于whom。如:
He is the man who you talked about yesterday.句中的who其實是作about的賓語,可以省略。
但是,如果在介詞后面,則必須用whom。我們之后再分享定語從句的內(nèi)容時,會再詳細(xì)講解,在此不做贅述。
2、who也能用來引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。如:
His brother, who is a teacher, is always kind to others.
(四)whom
whom是who的賓格形式,在定語從句中只能作賓語。如:
She is the woman whom I served just now.
句中的whom因為是作賓語的,所以可以省略。
【注意】
1、如果whom緊跟在介詞后面,則不能省略。如:
She is the woman to whom I talked just now.2、whom也可以用來引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。如:
The doctor, whom you admire, will visit our hospital tomorrow.
(五)whose
因為whose是所有格形式,表示所屬關(guān)系,所以在實際使用中,whose后面會緊跟一個名詞,才能引導(dǎo)定語從句。如:
She lives in a room whose window opens to the north.【注意】
“whose+名詞”也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句。如:
The driver, whose back was badly injured, was sent to the hospital nearby at once.