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Lesson88
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Why is the rescue taking so long?
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.
【課文翻譯】
6個(gè)人被困在礦井里已有17個(gè)小時(shí)了。如果不把他們盡快救到地面上來，他們就有可能喪生。然而，事實(shí)證明營(yíng)救工作非常困難。如果用炸藥爆破，震動(dòng)會(huì)引起礦頂塌落。因此，營(yíng)救人員在礦井的北側(cè)鉆了一個(gè)洞。他們準(zhǔn)備用一種特制的容器把這6個(gè)人救上來。如果不是因?yàn)橥寥老旅嬗幸粚訄?jiān)硬的巖石，他們的營(yíng)救工作僅用幾個(gè)小時(shí)就可以完成了。實(shí)際情況是，他們已連續(xù)鉆了16個(gè)小時(shí)了，但離鉆透還早著呢。與此同時(shí)，兩個(gè)小時(shí)以前放下井去的一只麥克風(fēng)使井下的人可以與其親屬保持聯(lián)系。雖然他們的食物和飲料都快消耗盡了，但這些人的心情很好，堅(jiān)信他們很快就會(huì)出去。他們一直被告知營(yíng)救工作進(jìn)行得非常順利。如果他們知道了鉆透那堅(jiān)硬的巖石有多么困難，他們會(huì)喪失信心的。
【生詞匯總】
trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境
surface n. 地面，表面
explosive n. 炸藥
vibration n. 震動(dòng)
collapse v. 坍塌
drill v. 鉆孔
capsule n. 容器
layer n. 層
beneath prep. 在......之下
lower v. 放下，降低
progress v. 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行
smoothly adv. 順利地
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1.trap既可作動(dòng)詞也可作名詞
① n. 捕動(dòng)物的器具或陷阱
a mouse-trap老鼠夾
lay/set up a trap for...設(shè)置捉.......陷阱
caught in a trap 落入陷阱
例句：The fox's leg was caught in a trap.
狐貍的腳被捕獸夾夾住了。
② n. 圈套，詭計(jì)
I've told you it was a trap, it was intended for us!
我早就告訴過你這是個(gè)陷阱，這就是為我們倆設(shè)的局!
③ v.陷入困境
be trapped 陷入困境
trap sb into sth/doing sth 用計(jì)捕捉某人或使某人上當(dāng)
例句：They were trapped in the burning hotel.
他們被困在著火的旅館里。
2. mine 除了表示代詞“我的”還可作名詞表示“礦井，巷道，水雷”，或是動(dòng)詞“開礦，采礦”。
a mine of information about/on sb/sth 知識(shí)的寶庫(kù);信息的源泉
A good encyclopaedia is a mine of information.
一部好的百科全書是一座知識(shí)寶庫(kù)。
3. lose one's life 喪生 save one's life 救命
4. rescue operations are proving difficult.
事實(shí)證明營(yíng)救工作非常困難。
rescue operations 營(yíng)救工作
系動(dòng)詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep+形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)
His plan proved (to be) successful.
他的計(jì)劃很成功。
5. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.
因此，營(yíng)救人員正在礦井的北側(cè)鉆一個(gè)洞。
therefore與so的區(qū)別
therefore表示“因此”“所以”等。它是副詞，在句子中的位置靈活，它既可以獨(dú)立使用，也可以位于動(dòng)詞或形容詞前。
so表示“因此”“所以”時(shí)通常是連詞。
例如：
He got yearend bonus several days ago, and he was therefore able to buy a car.
因?yàn)榍皟商炷昧四杲K獎(jiǎng)，所以他買得起一輛車。
=He got yearend bonus several days ago, therefore, he was able to buy a car.
(therefore前后都可以有逗號(hào)，so后面通常不用逗號(hào))
He got yearend bonus several days ago, so he was able to buy a car.
(so 表示“所以”、“因此”時(shí)不放在動(dòng)詞前)
6.If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.
如果不是因?yàn)橥寥老旅嬗幸粚訄?jiān)硬的巖石，他們的營(yíng)救工作僅用幾個(gè)小時(shí)就可以完成了。
上面這個(gè)句子是if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句表示虛擬語氣。從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式表達(dá)的是跟事實(shí)相反的情況(如果不是因?yàn)橥寥老旅娴囊粚訄?jiān)硬巖石，事實(shí)是有這層巖石)，就會(huì)怎么樣。
虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的用法
也就是說，虛擬語氣的幾種常見用法是：①表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)：條件句用動(dòng)詞的過去式，但be (包括There be) 各人稱一律用were; 主句則用should/ would /could/ might+動(dòng)詞原形。
②表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)：條件句用動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)(had +過去分詞);主句則用would + have +過去分詞。③表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)：條件句用should+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞過去式，或were to+動(dòng)詞原形，主句的謂語則用should/ would/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。以下分別舉例說明：
If I were you, I would tell her the truth.
如果我是你，我就告訴她事實(shí)真相。
If you had followed my advice, you would have got the ticket.
你要是當(dāng)初聽我的，現(xiàn)在就拿到票了。
If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home.
如果明天下雪的話我就呆在家里。
7. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.
實(shí)際情況是，他們已連續(xù)鉆了16個(gè)小時(shí)了，但離鉆透還早著呢。
①as it is 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上(也可以用as it was)。
I thought she had finished the book. As it was, she had just read a few pages.
我以為她把這本書看完了，實(shí)際上她只看了幾頁(yè)。
I intended to go home tomorrow. As it is, I have some extra work tomorrow.
我本來打算明天回家，但事實(shí)上明天我還要加班。
②have a long way to go 路還長(zhǎng)著呢;離……還早
To realize common prosperity, we still have a long way to go.
要實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕，我們還有一段路。
③have been drilling for sixteen hours
have been doing 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，其功能主要有三種。
a. 表示從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將繼續(xù)下去。比如文中句子，鉆洞已經(jīng)延續(xù)了16個(gè)小時(shí)，但還將繼續(xù)下去。
b. 表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。
We have been waiting for you for two hours.
我們都等你倆小時(shí)了。
c. 表示從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：
She has been playing the piano since 6 years old.
她從6歲開始就在彈鋼琴。
8. ...has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.
①前綴en-加在名詞或形容詞前可以使這個(gè)詞成為動(dòng)詞，如endanger (危及，使遭受危險(xiǎn))，enlarge(擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)充)，enslave(奴役，使成為奴隸)，entrap(使......入陷阱/圈套，欺騙)。
②keep in touch with 表示“與......保持聯(lián)系”，等同于stay in touch with。 get in touch with sb. 與……取得聯(lián)系
Remeber to keep in touch with us when you are abroad.
去國(guó)外了記得跟我們保持聯(lián)絡(luò)。
9. run out of=use up用完，耗盡
lose heart 為固定搭配，表示“喪失信心/勇氣”、“泄氣”、“灰心”。
Lesson89
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Who made the only funny joke that evening and why?
People will do anything to see a free show -- even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed, as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: 'This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen!"
【課文翻譯】
人們總要想盡辦法看不花錢的演出——哪怕是拙劣的演出。當(dāng)“皮尤”鳥食公司將在我們當(dāng)?shù)?演出喜劇節(jié)目的消息傳開后，我們都趕緊跑去觀看。我們不得不排了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才進(jìn)得場(chǎng)去。在演出開始前場(chǎng)內(nèi)肯定已有好幾百人了。不幸的是，這次演出是我們看過的乏味的演出了。那些沒能進(jìn)到場(chǎng)內(nèi)的人沒有必要感到失望，因?yàn)楹芏鄳?yīng)該出場(chǎng)的專業(yè)演員都沒有來。那天晚上有趣的事情是節(jié)目開始時(shí)那個(gè)報(bào)幕員的開場(chǎng)白。他顯然非常緊張，局促不安地在麥克風(fēng)前站了好幾分鐘。但他剛一開口說話，人們便哄堂大笑起來。我們都明白那個(gè)可憐的人應(yīng)該說些什么，而他實(shí)際說的卻是：“這是‘浦伊’鳥食公司，好女士們，晚上和先生們!”
【生詞匯總】
slip n. 小錯(cuò)誤
comedy n. 喜劇
present v. 演出;adj. 出席，到場(chǎng)的
queue v. 排隊(duì)
dull adj. 枯燥，無味
artiste n. 藝人
advertiser n. 報(bào)幕員
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1.a slip of the tongue 說走了嘴，失言
slip 表示“不經(jīng)心的錯(cuò)誤”、“失誤”、“疏漏”
When I get nervous, I would sometimes make a slip of tongue.
當(dāng)我緊張時(shí)，有時(shí)候我會(huì)出現(xiàn)些口誤。
2.When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it.
當(dāng)“皮尤”鳥食公司將在我們當(dāng)?shù)?演出喜劇節(jié)目的消息傳開后，我們都趕緊跑去觀看。
①when 引導(dǎo)的這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，而the news that...是這個(gè)同位語從句，news即指后面的a comedy show would be...。這里是時(shí)間狀語從句里面嵌套了一個(gè)同位語從句。因?yàn)閠hat引導(dǎo)的同位語從句較長(zhǎng)，所以將之放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后，與它所修飾的news隔開，以免句子頭重腳輕。同位語從句中用到了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去將來時(shí)形式(would be presented)。
②get round 在這里表示“消息傳開來”，另外，還可表示走動(dòng);旅行;說服;避開
People were horrified when the news got round that the bank robber was hiding in this city.
當(dāng)銀行搶劫犯藏匿于此的消息傳開時(shí)人們都嚇壞了。
③present 含義豐富
n. 禮物，現(xiàn)在
adj. 出席的，現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的，存在的
v. 提出，贈(zèng)送，呈現(xiàn)
在上面的句子里則是作動(dòng)詞表示“呈現(xiàn)，展示”。
The snow here presents a peaceful atmosphere.
這里的雪景讓人感覺很平和。
Some members of the association are not present at the meeting.
一些會(huì)員沒有到會(huì)。
④rush to 奔赴;火速趕往;急著做
When hearing her idol is coming, she rushed to see him.
當(dāng)聽到她偶像前來的消息時(shí)，她火速?zèng)_出去見他。
3.We had to queue for hours to get in.
我們不得不排了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才進(jìn)得場(chǎng)去。
①queue n. 長(zhǎng)隊(duì)，行列
queue time 等待時(shí)間，排隊(duì)時(shí)間
不及物動(dòng)詞 排隊(duì)
She has to queue for the bus every morning.
她每天早上都得排隊(duì)等公共汽車。(通常與for 連用)
②get in 進(jìn)入，參加，到達(dá)，設(shè)法做
4. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed, as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come.
那些沒能進(jìn)到場(chǎng)內(nèi)的人沒有必要感到失望，因?yàn)楹芏鄳?yīng)該出場(chǎng)的專業(yè)演員都沒有來。
①Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed
這是個(gè)定語從句，先行詞those，關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾those。
disappointed adj. 令人失望的 用來修飾人，相對(duì)應(yīng)地 disappointing adj. 失望的 用來修飾物
②needn't have done 本來不需要做什么事但實(shí)際卻做了
should have done 本應(yīng)該做什么事實(shí)際上卻沒做
e.g. I needn't have bought this book, it didn't help me.
我本來不該買這本書的，它對(duì)我一點(diǎn)兒用也沒有。
I shouldn't have shouted at her.
我真不該對(duì)她吼的。
5.As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing.
但他剛一開口說話，人們便哄堂大笑起來。
①as soon as... 一……就……意思相當(dāng)于A事情發(fā)生了，就做B這件事。口語和書面語當(dāng)中通用，在句子中的位置比較靈活。與hardly…when……和no sooner…than…意思接近。
I gave my mother a call as soon as I got off the train.
我一下火車就給我媽媽打電話了。
no sooner…than… 一般用于描述過去的事情，不能表示將來，且no sooner后面的成分要倒裝。例如：
No sooner had the concert started, it began to rain heavily.
演唱會(huì)剛開始天空就下起了暴雨。
hardly…when…一般用于過去完成時(shí)，有時(shí)when可改為before。
Hardly had she stepped into the room when the door bell rang.
她還沒踏進(jìn)房門就聽到門鈴響了。
②burst out+doing
burst into+n.
Suddenly, people burst out laughing.
突然，人群中爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。
Lesson90
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What kind of fish are they?
Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who?
【課文翻譯】
油煎魚加炸土豆片一直是英國(guó)人喜愛的一道菜，但是隨著海洋里的濫捕濫撈，魚已經(jīng)變得越來越昂貴。因此，聽說北海石油鉆井平臺(tái)上的潛水員受到巨型魚類的恐嚇，確實(shí)很讓人吃驚。鉆井平臺(tái)需要經(jīng)常修理，潛水員常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他們?cè)诠ぷ鲿r(shí)被撞到他們身上的大魚嚇得驚惶失措。現(xiàn)在他們有了特制的籠子，用來保護(hù)他們免受大魚的侵襲。這些魚并不是鯊魚或逆戟鯨，而是深受人們喜愛的食用魚品種，如鱈魚和鰩魚，只不過它們長(zhǎng)得出奇地大，有時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)12英尺。這些魚能長(zhǎng)得這么大是由3個(gè)因素造成的：海底熱的輸油管道附近的溫暖的海水;鉆井平臺(tái)工作人員拋到海里充足的食物;鉆井平臺(tái)周圍根本沒有捕魚船只。結(jié)果是，這些魚就在可愛的溫暖的水流中吃呀吃，長(zhǎng)呀長(zhǎng)。究竟誰吃誰呢?
【生詞匯總】
chip n. 油煎土豆片
overfish v. 過度捕撈
giant adj. 巨大的
terrify v. 嚇，使恐怖
diver n. 潛小員
oil rig 石油鉆塔
wit n. (復(fù)數(shù))理智，頭腦
cage n. 籠
shark n. 鯊魚
whale n. 鯨
variety n. 品種
cod n. 鱈
[w]skate n. 鰩
factor n. 因素
crew n. 全體工作人員
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1. Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain
油煎魚加炸土豆片一直是英國(guó)人喜愛的一道菜。
fish and chips 油煎魚加炸土豆片 這是英國(guó)的一種家常菜，被看做是一盤菜，因此要用has。
2. divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work.
潛水員常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他們?cè)诠ぷ鲿r(shí)被撞到他們身上的大魚嚇得驚惶失措。
①這是個(gè)非限定性定語從句，對(duì)主句中的名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，因此這個(gè)從句與主句用逗號(hào)隔開。
②be frightened out of their wits 被嚇昏了，被嚇得驚慌失措。
out of one's wits表示“失去理智”、“驚慌失措”
e.g. She was frightened out of wits by the gunshot outside door.
她被門外的槍聲嚇得驚慌失措。
③bump into 無意中遇到，碰上
It is social etiquette to say "sorry" when you bump into somebody.
無意間碰撞別人要說“對(duì)不起”，這是社交禮節(jié)。
3. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters.
現(xiàn)在他們有了特制的籠子，用來保護(hù)他們免受大魚的侵襲。
①have為使役動(dòng)詞，表示“使”，have+名詞或賓格代詞+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示“使某物成一種……的狀態(tài)”
I had my bike repaired yesterday.
昨天我把自行車修好了。
②protect sth. from/against 保護(hù)某物不受……的侵害
This medicine will protect you against cold.
這種藥能幫你預(yù)防感冒。
4. favourite eating varieties 深受喜愛的食用的品種
eating既可以作動(dòng)詞eat的現(xiàn)在分詞，其本身也可以作形容詞，表示“可食用的;進(jìn)餐用的”
These are eating vegetables.
這些都是可生吃的蔬菜。
5. which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length.
只不過它們長(zhǎng)得出奇地大，有時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)12英尺。
①grow to 長(zhǎng)成;增長(zhǎng)至
②as much as 多達(dá) 后面既可加表示具體活模糊的數(shù)量，又可指程度或經(jīng)常性。例如：
表數(shù)量：They spent as much as 1 million dollars for the wedding.
他們的婚禮耗費(fèi)一百萬美元之巨。
表程度I’m sorry I haven't done as much as I promised.
很抱歉我沒有做到的那么多。
表頻率：Do you go shopping as much as you did when abroad.
你還像在國(guó)外一樣經(jīng)常出去購(gòu)物血拼嗎?
6. the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs.
海底熱的輸油管道附近的溫暖的海水;鉆井平臺(tái)工作人員拋到海里充足的食物;鉆井平臺(tái)周圍根本沒有捕魚船只。
幾個(gè)常見短語我們來學(xué)習(xí)一下~~
①under the sea 海底下 深海底
②supply of sth. 某物的供應(yīng)
③absence of 缺少;不存在
7. as a result 結(jié)果是
He lost his ID card, as a result, he can't board a train.
他把身份證丟了，結(jié)果上不了火車了。
Lesson88
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Why is the rescue taking so long?
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.
【課文翻譯】
6個(gè)人被困在礦井里已有17個(gè)小時(shí)了。如果不把他們盡快救到地面上來，他們就有可能喪生。然而，事實(shí)證明營(yíng)救工作非常困難。如果用炸藥爆破，震動(dòng)會(huì)引起礦頂塌落。因此，營(yíng)救人員在礦井的北側(cè)鉆了一個(gè)洞。他們準(zhǔn)備用一種特制的容器把這6個(gè)人救上來。如果不是因?yàn)橥寥老旅嬗幸粚訄?jiān)硬的巖石，他們的營(yíng)救工作僅用幾個(gè)小時(shí)就可以完成了。實(shí)際情況是，他們已連續(xù)鉆了16個(gè)小時(shí)了，但離鉆透還早著呢。與此同時(shí)，兩個(gè)小時(shí)以前放下井去的一只麥克風(fēng)使井下的人可以與其親屬保持聯(lián)系。雖然他們的食物和飲料都快消耗盡了，但這些人的心情很好，堅(jiān)信他們很快就會(huì)出去。他們一直被告知營(yíng)救工作進(jìn)行得非常順利。如果他們知道了鉆透那堅(jiān)硬的巖石有多么困難，他們會(huì)喪失信心的。
【生詞匯總】
trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境
surface n. 地面，表面
explosive n. 炸藥
vibration n. 震動(dòng)
collapse v. 坍塌
drill v. 鉆孔
capsule n. 容器
layer n. 層
beneath prep. 在......之下
lower v. 放下，降低
progress v. 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行
smoothly adv. 順利地
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1.trap既可作動(dòng)詞也可作名詞
① n. 捕動(dòng)物的器具或陷阱
a mouse-trap老鼠夾
lay/set up a trap for...設(shè)置捉.......陷阱
caught in a trap 落入陷阱
例句：The fox's leg was caught in a trap.
狐貍的腳被捕獸夾夾住了。
② n. 圈套，詭計(jì)
I've told you it was a trap, it was intended for us!
我早就告訴過你這是個(gè)陷阱，這就是為我們倆設(shè)的局!
③ v.陷入困境
be trapped 陷入困境
trap sb into sth/doing sth 用計(jì)捕捉某人或使某人上當(dāng)
例句：They were trapped in the burning hotel.
他們被困在著火的旅館里。
2. mine 除了表示代詞“我的”還可作名詞表示“礦井，巷道，水雷”，或是動(dòng)詞“開礦，采礦”。
a mine of information about/on sb/sth 知識(shí)的寶庫(kù);信息的源泉
A good encyclopaedia is a mine of information.
一部好的百科全書是一座知識(shí)寶庫(kù)。
3. lose one's life 喪生 save one's life 救命
4. rescue operations are proving difficult.
事實(shí)證明營(yíng)救工作非常困難。
rescue operations 營(yíng)救工作
系動(dòng)詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep+形容詞/名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)
His plan proved (to be) successful.
他的計(jì)劃很成功。
5. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.
因此，營(yíng)救人員正在礦井的北側(cè)鉆一個(gè)洞。
therefore與so的區(qū)別
therefore表示“因此”“所以”等。它是副詞，在句子中的位置靈活，它既可以獨(dú)立使用，也可以位于動(dòng)詞或形容詞前。
so表示“因此”“所以”時(shí)通常是連詞。
例如：
He got yearend bonus several days ago, and he was therefore able to buy a car.
因?yàn)榍皟商炷昧四杲K獎(jiǎng)，所以他買得起一輛車。
=He got yearend bonus several days ago, therefore, he was able to buy a car.
(therefore前后都可以有逗號(hào)，so后面通常不用逗號(hào))
He got yearend bonus several days ago, so he was able to buy a car.
(so 表示“所以”、“因此”時(shí)不放在動(dòng)詞前)
6.If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.
如果不是因?yàn)橥寥老旅嬗幸粚訄?jiān)硬的巖石，他們的營(yíng)救工作僅用幾個(gè)小時(shí)就可以完成了。
上面這個(gè)句子是if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句表示虛擬語氣。從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式表達(dá)的是跟事實(shí)相反的情況(如果不是因?yàn)橥寥老旅娴囊粚訄?jiān)硬巖石，事實(shí)是有這層巖石)，就會(huì)怎么樣。
虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的用法
也就是說，虛擬語氣的幾種常見用法是：①表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)：條件句用動(dòng)詞的過去式，但be (包括There be) 各人稱一律用were; 主句則用should/ would /could/ might+動(dòng)詞原形。
②表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)：條件句用動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)(had +過去分詞);主句則用would + have +過去分詞。③表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)：條件句用should+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞過去式，或were to+動(dòng)詞原形，主句的謂語則用should/ would/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形。以下分別舉例說明：
If I were you, I would tell her the truth.
如果我是你，我就告訴她事實(shí)真相。
If you had followed my advice, you would have got the ticket.
你要是當(dāng)初聽我的，現(xiàn)在就拿到票了。
If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home.
如果明天下雪的話我就呆在家里。
7. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.
實(shí)際情況是，他們已連續(xù)鉆了16個(gè)小時(shí)了，但離鉆透還早著呢。
①as it is 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上(也可以用as it was)。
I thought she had finished the book. As it was, she had just read a few pages.
我以為她把這本書看完了，實(shí)際上她只看了幾頁(yè)。
I intended to go home tomorrow. As it is, I have some extra work tomorrow.
我本來打算明天回家，但事實(shí)上明天我還要加班。
②have a long way to go 路還長(zhǎng)著呢;離……還早
To realize common prosperity, we still have a long way to go.
要實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕，我們還有一段路。
③have been drilling for sixteen hours
have been doing 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，其功能主要有三種。
a. 表示從過去某時(shí)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將繼續(xù)下去。比如文中句子，鉆洞已經(jīng)延續(xù)了16個(gè)小時(shí)，但還將繼續(xù)下去。
b. 表示在說話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。
We have been waiting for you for two hours.
我們都等你倆小時(shí)了。
c. 表示從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：
She has been playing the piano since 6 years old.
她從6歲開始就在彈鋼琴。
8. ...has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.
①前綴en-加在名詞或形容詞前可以使這個(gè)詞成為動(dòng)詞，如endanger (危及，使遭受危險(xiǎn))，enlarge(擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)充)，enslave(奴役，使成為奴隸)，entrap(使......入陷阱/圈套，欺騙)。
②keep in touch with 表示“與......保持聯(lián)系”，等同于stay in touch with。 get in touch with sb. 與……取得聯(lián)系
Remeber to keep in touch with us when you are abroad.
去國(guó)外了記得跟我們保持聯(lián)絡(luò)。
9. run out of=use up用完，耗盡
lose heart 為固定搭配，表示“喪失信心/勇氣”、“泄氣”、“灰心”。
Lesson89
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Who made the only funny joke that evening and why?
People will do anything to see a free show -- even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed, as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: 'This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen!"
【課文翻譯】
人們總要想盡辦法看不花錢的演出——哪怕是拙劣的演出。當(dāng)“皮尤”鳥食公司將在我們當(dāng)?shù)?演出喜劇節(jié)目的消息傳開后，我們都趕緊跑去觀看。我們不得不排了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才進(jìn)得場(chǎng)去。在演出開始前場(chǎng)內(nèi)肯定已有好幾百人了。不幸的是，這次演出是我們看過的乏味的演出了。那些沒能進(jìn)到場(chǎng)內(nèi)的人沒有必要感到失望，因?yàn)楹芏鄳?yīng)該出場(chǎng)的專業(yè)演員都沒有來。那天晚上有趣的事情是節(jié)目開始時(shí)那個(gè)報(bào)幕員的開場(chǎng)白。他顯然非常緊張，局促不安地在麥克風(fēng)前站了好幾分鐘。但他剛一開口說話，人們便哄堂大笑起來。我們都明白那個(gè)可憐的人應(yīng)該說些什么，而他實(shí)際說的卻是：“這是‘浦伊’鳥食公司，好女士們，晚上和先生們!”
【生詞匯總】
slip n. 小錯(cuò)誤
comedy n. 喜劇
present v. 演出;adj. 出席，到場(chǎng)的
queue v. 排隊(duì)
dull adj. 枯燥，無味
artiste n. 藝人
advertiser n. 報(bào)幕員
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1.a slip of the tongue 說走了嘴，失言
slip 表示“不經(jīng)心的錯(cuò)誤”、“失誤”、“疏漏”
When I get nervous, I would sometimes make a slip of tongue.
當(dāng)我緊張時(shí)，有時(shí)候我會(huì)出現(xiàn)些口誤。
2.When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it.
當(dāng)“皮尤”鳥食公司將在我們當(dāng)?shù)?演出喜劇節(jié)目的消息傳開后，我們都趕緊跑去觀看。
①when 引導(dǎo)的這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，而the news that...是這個(gè)同位語從句，news即指后面的a comedy show would be...。這里是時(shí)間狀語從句里面嵌套了一個(gè)同位語從句。因?yàn)閠hat引導(dǎo)的同位語從句較長(zhǎng)，所以將之放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后，與它所修飾的news隔開，以免句子頭重腳輕。同位語從句中用到了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去將來時(shí)形式(would be presented)。
②get round 在這里表示“消息傳開來”，另外，還可表示走動(dòng);旅行;說服;避開
People were horrified when the news got round that the bank robber was hiding in this city.
當(dāng)銀行搶劫犯藏匿于此的消息傳開時(shí)人們都嚇壞了。
③present 含義豐富
n. 禮物，現(xiàn)在
adj. 出席的，現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的，存在的
v. 提出，贈(zèng)送，呈現(xiàn)
在上面的句子里則是作動(dòng)詞表示“呈現(xiàn)，展示”。
The snow here presents a peaceful atmosphere.
這里的雪景讓人感覺很平和。
Some members of the association are not present at the meeting.
一些會(huì)員沒有到會(huì)。
④rush to 奔赴;火速趕往;急著做
When hearing her idol is coming, she rushed to see him.
當(dāng)聽到她偶像前來的消息時(shí)，她火速?zèng)_出去見他。
3.We had to queue for hours to get in.
我們不得不排了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才進(jìn)得場(chǎng)去。
①queue n. 長(zhǎng)隊(duì)，行列
queue time 等待時(shí)間，排隊(duì)時(shí)間
不及物動(dòng)詞 排隊(duì)
She has to queue for the bus every morning.
她每天早上都得排隊(duì)等公共汽車。(通常與for 連用)
②get in 進(jìn)入，參加，到達(dá)，設(shè)法做
4. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed, as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come.
那些沒能進(jìn)到場(chǎng)內(nèi)的人沒有必要感到失望，因?yàn)楹芏鄳?yīng)該出場(chǎng)的專業(yè)演員都沒有來。
①Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed
這是個(gè)定語從句，先行詞those，關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾those。
disappointed adj. 令人失望的 用來修飾人，相對(duì)應(yīng)地 disappointing adj. 失望的 用來修飾物
②needn't have done 本來不需要做什么事但實(shí)際卻做了
should have done 本應(yīng)該做什么事實(shí)際上卻沒做
e.g. I needn't have bought this book, it didn't help me.
我本來不該買這本書的，它對(duì)我一點(diǎn)兒用也沒有。
I shouldn't have shouted at her.
我真不該對(duì)她吼的。
5.As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing.
但他剛一開口說話，人們便哄堂大笑起來。
①as soon as... 一……就……意思相當(dāng)于A事情發(fā)生了，就做B這件事。口語和書面語當(dāng)中通用，在句子中的位置比較靈活。與hardly…when……和no sooner…than…意思接近。
I gave my mother a call as soon as I got off the train.
我一下火車就給我媽媽打電話了。
no sooner…than… 一般用于描述過去的事情，不能表示將來，且no sooner后面的成分要倒裝。例如：
No sooner had the concert started, it began to rain heavily.
演唱會(huì)剛開始天空就下起了暴雨。
hardly…when…一般用于過去完成時(shí)，有時(shí)when可改為before。
Hardly had she stepped into the room when the door bell rang.
她還沒踏進(jìn)房門就聽到門鈴響了。
②burst out+doing
burst into+n.
Suddenly, people burst out laughing.
突然，人群中爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。
Lesson90
【課文】
First listen and then answer the question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What kind of fish are they?
Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain, but as the oceans have been overfished, fish has become more and more expensive. So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs. Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters. The fish are not sharks or killer whales, but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length. Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large: the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs. As a result, the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water. Who eats who?
【課文翻譯】
油煎魚加炸土豆片一直是英國(guó)人喜愛的一道菜，但是隨著海洋里的濫捕濫撈，魚已經(jīng)變得越來越昂貴。因此，聽說北海石油鉆井平臺(tái)上的潛水員受到巨型魚類的恐嚇，確實(shí)很讓人吃驚。鉆井平臺(tái)需要經(jīng)常修理，潛水員常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他們?cè)诠ぷ鲿r(shí)被撞到他們身上的大魚嚇得驚惶失措。現(xiàn)在他們有了特制的籠子，用來保護(hù)他們免受大魚的侵襲。這些魚并不是鯊魚或逆戟鯨，而是深受人們喜愛的食用魚品種，如鱈魚和鰩魚，只不過它們長(zhǎng)得出奇地大，有時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)12英尺。這些魚能長(zhǎng)得這么大是由3個(gè)因素造成的：海底熱的輸油管道附近的溫暖的海水;鉆井平臺(tái)工作人員拋到海里充足的食物;鉆井平臺(tái)周圍根本沒有捕魚船只。結(jié)果是，這些魚就在可愛的溫暖的水流中吃呀吃，長(zhǎng)呀長(zhǎng)。究竟誰吃誰呢?
【生詞匯總】
chip n. 油煎土豆片
overfish v. 過度捕撈
giant adj. 巨大的
terrify v. 嚇，使恐怖
diver n. 潛小員
oil rig 石油鉆塔
wit n. (復(fù)數(shù))理智，頭腦
cage n. 籠
shark n. 鯊魚
whale n. 鯨
variety n. 品種
cod n. 鱈
[w]skate n. 鰩
factor n. 因素
crew n. 全體工作人員
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
1. Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain
油煎魚加炸土豆片一直是英國(guó)人喜愛的一道菜。
fish and chips 油煎魚加炸土豆片 這是英國(guó)的一種家常菜，被看做是一盤菜，因此要用has。
2. divers, who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water, have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work.
潛水員常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他們?cè)诠ぷ鲿r(shí)被撞到他們身上的大魚嚇得驚惶失措。
①這是個(gè)非限定性定語從句，對(duì)主句中的名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，因此這個(gè)從句與主句用逗號(hào)隔開。
②be frightened out of their wits 被嚇昏了，被嚇得驚慌失措。
out of one's wits表示“失去理智”、“驚慌失措”
e.g. She was frightened out of wits by the gunshot outside door.
她被門外的槍聲嚇得驚慌失措。
③bump into 無意中遇到，碰上
It is social etiquette to say "sorry" when you bump into somebody.
無意間碰撞別人要說“對(duì)不起”，這是社交禮節(jié)。
3. Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters.
現(xiàn)在他們有了特制的籠子，用來保護(hù)他們免受大魚的侵襲。
①have為使役動(dòng)詞，表示“使”，have+名詞或賓格代詞+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示“使某物成一種……的狀態(tài)”
I had my bike repaired yesterday.
昨天我把自行車修好了。
②protect sth. from/against 保護(hù)某物不受……的侵害
This medicine will protect you against cold.
這種藥能幫你預(yù)防感冒。
4. favourite eating varieties 深受喜愛的食用的品種
eating既可以作動(dòng)詞eat的現(xiàn)在分詞，其本身也可以作形容詞，表示“可食用的;進(jìn)餐用的”
These are eating vegetables.
這些都是可生吃的蔬菜。
5. which grow to unnatural sizes, sometimes as much as twelve feet in length.
只不過它們長(zhǎng)得出奇地大，有時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)12英尺。
①grow to 長(zhǎng)成;增長(zhǎng)至
②as much as 多達(dá) 后面既可加表示具體活模糊的數(shù)量，又可指程度或經(jīng)常性。例如：
表數(shù)量：They spent as much as 1 million dollars for the wedding.
他們的婚禮耗費(fèi)一百萬美元之巨。
表程度I’m sorry I haven't done as much as I promised.
很抱歉我沒有做到的那么多。
表頻率：Do you go shopping as much as you did when abroad.
你還像在國(guó)外一樣經(jīng)常出去購(gòu)物血拼嗎?
6. the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea; the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs; the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs.
海底熱的輸油管道附近的溫暖的海水;鉆井平臺(tái)工作人員拋到海里充足的食物;鉆井平臺(tái)周圍根本沒有捕魚船只。
幾個(gè)常見短語我們來學(xué)習(xí)一下~~
①under the sea 海底下 深海底
②supply of sth. 某物的供應(yīng)
③absence of 缺少;不存在
7. as a result 結(jié)果是
He lost his ID card, as a result, he can't board a train.
他把身份證丟了，結(jié)果上不了火車了。