新概念英語作為一套世界聞名的英語教程，以其全新的教學理念，有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓練，深受廣大英語學習者的歡迎和喜愛。為了方便同學們的學習，為大家整理了全面的新概念第四冊課文翻譯及學習筆記，希望為大家的新概念英語學習提供幫助!
Lesson46
【課文】
Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late. The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them.
If you are citing a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minted too late. Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on it. An even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you. Such an experience befell a certain young girl the first time she was traveling alone.
She entered the station twenty minutes before the train was due, since her parents had impressed upon her that it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her. She gave her luggage to a porter and showed him her ticket. To her horror he said that she was two hours too soon. She felt in her handbag for the piece of paper on which her father had written down all the details of the journey and gave it to the porter. He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers. The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake. The porter went to fetch one and arrive back with the station master, who produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic 'o' beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station; this little 'o' indicated that the train only stopped for mail. Just as that moment the train came into the station. The girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van. But the station master was adamant: rules could not be broken and she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.
【課文翻譯】
準時是文明社會中進行一切社交活動時必須養(yǎng)成的習慣。不準時將一事無成，事事都會陷入混亂不堪的境地。只有在人口稀少的農(nóng)村，才可以忽視準時的習慣。在日常生活中人們可以容忍一定程度的不準時。一個專心鉆研某個復雜問題的知識分子，為了搞好手頭的研究，要把一切都協(xié)調(diào)一致，組織周密。因此，他要是赴宴遲到了會得到諒解。但有些人不準時常常因為掐鐘點所致，他們常常受到責備，精力充沛、頭腦敏捷的人極不愿意浪費時間，因此他們常想做完一件事后再去赴約。要是路上沒有發(fā)生如爆胎、改道、突然起霧等意外事故，他們決不會遲到。他們與那些從不遲到的人相比，常常是更勤奮有用的公民。早到的人同遲到的人一樣令人討厭?？腿颂崆鞍胄r到達是令人討厭的。我家有幾個朋友就有這有令人惱火的習慣。的辦法就是請他們比別的客人晚來半小時。這樣，他們可以恰好在我們要求的時間到達。
如果趕火車，早到總比晚到好，哪怕早到一會兒也好。雖然早到可能意味著浪費一點時間，但這比誤了火車等上一個多小時坐下班車浪費的時間要少，而且可以避免那種正好在火車駛出站時趕到車站，因上不去車而感到的沮喪。更難堪的情況是雖然及時趕到站臺上，卻眼睜睜地看著那趟火車啟動，把你拋下。一個小姑娘第單獨出門就碰到了這種情況。
在火車進站20分鐘前她就進了車站。因為她的父母再三跟她說，如果誤了這趟車，她的東道主朋友就得接她兩趟，這是不應該的。她把行李交給搬運工并給他看了車票。搬運工說她早到了兩個小時，她聽后大吃一驚。她從錢包里摸出一張紙條，那上面有她父親對這次旅行詳細說明，她把這張紙條交給了搬運工。搬運工說，正如紙條所說，確有一趟火車在那個時刻到站，但它只停站裝郵件，不載旅客。姑娘要求看到時刻表，因為她相信父親不能把這么大的事弄錯。搬運工跑回去取時刻表，同時請來了站長。站長拿著時刻表一揮手，指著那趟列車到站時刻旁邊一個很小的圓圈標記。這個標記表示列車是為裝郵件而停車。正在這時，火車進站了。女孩淚流滿面，央求讓她不聲不響地到押車員車廂里去算了。但站長態(tài)度堅決，規(guī)章制度不能破壞，姑娘只得眼看那趟火車消逝在她要去的方向而撇下了她。
【詞匯】
punctuality n. 準時
rural adv. 農(nóng)村的
disregard v. 不顧，無視
intellectual n. 知識分子
abstruse adj. 深奧的
coordinate v. 協(xié)調(diào)
reproach v. 責備
puncture v. 刺破(輪胎)
diversion n. 改道，繞道
trial n. 討厭的事，人
fraction n. 很小一點兒
flourish n. 揮舞(打手勢)
microscopic adj. 微小的
adamant adj. 堅定的，不動搖的
【重點詞匯講解】
【disregard】
英英：give little or no attention to
例句：
1. Please disregard the mess and sit right here.
請不顧凌亂狀態(tài)，就坐在這兒吧。
2. The boy's failure was due to continued disregard of his studies.
這孩子不及格是由于他經(jīng)常不重視功課的原故。
3. Her actions manifested a complete disregard for personal safety.
她的行動表明她全然不顧個人安危。
【abstruse】
例句：
1. Einstein's theory of relativity is very abstruse .
愛因斯坦的相對論非常難懂。
2. Lu Xun's works are very abstruse. You must read between the lines.
魯迅的著作非常深奧難解，你必須從字里行間去仔細體會。
【coordinate】
英英：bring order and organization to
例句：
1. Coordinate labour relations and gradually improve the living standards of the workers.
協(xié)調(diào)勞動關系，逐步提高勞動者的生活水平。
2. We should have established a rescue center or a system that can coordinate our resources.
我們應該建立了救援中心或一個系統(tǒng)，能夠協(xié)調(diào)我們的資源。
3. Communication was essential if we were to coordinate our protests and complaints.
如果我們要協(xié)調(diào)*和控訴活動，交流信息是必不可少的。
【reproach】
英英：express criticism towards
例句：
1. Do not reproach yourself, it was not your fault.
不要責備你自己，這不是你的過錯。
2. I have nothing either to hope or fear, and nothing to reproach him with.
我既沒有什么奢望，也沒有什么擔心，更沒有什么要責備他的地方。
3. It is illegal to reproach Jesus Christ or the holy ghost.
責備耶穌基督或圣靈是違法的。
【trial】
例句：
1. Character can not be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthed.
性格不可能在安逸和平靜中得以發(fā)展，只有通過艱難和困苦的磨煉才能使內(nèi)心堅定，視野開闊，雄心振奮，從而達到成功的目的。
2. His blindness is a great trial to him.
眼睛瞎對他來說是非常麻煩的事。
【fraction】
例句：
1. It remains a fraction of its former size.
它目前的規(guī)模只有以前的一小部分。
2. The cost of copying a disk of software or a tape of music is a fraction of the cost of the product.
事實上，復制一個軟件光盤或者一盤音樂磁帶的成本，只是這個產(chǎn)品的整個成本的一小部分。
【adamant】
例句：
1. She was adamant in refusing to comply with his wishes.
她固執(zhí)地拒絕按他的意愿辦。
2. Most officials are adamant that the policy remains in place.
很多官員在遲疑是否要保留這項政策。
【常用短語】
【bring to a cnoclusion】結束
【in hand】手頭的
【in good time for】及時的
【impress upon】使牢記
【break the rule】違反規(guī)定
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Who, according to the author, are 'Fortune's favoured children'?
A gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.' It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.
The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.
To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.' Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball or Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.
As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human being are divided into two classes: first,those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
WINSTON CHURCHLL Painting as a Pastime
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
gifted adj. 有天才的
psychologist n. 心理學家
spasm n. 一陣(感情)發(fā)作
futile adj. 無用的
insinuate v. 便潛入，暗示
convulsive adj. 起痙攣的
illumination n. 啟發(fā)，照明
undue adj. 不造當?shù)?BR> grip n. 緊張
recuperation n. 休息
improvise v. 臨時作成
sedulously adv. 孜孜不倦地
vivify v. 使生氣勃勃
aggravate v. 加劇
trifling adj. 微小的
gratify v. 便滿意
caprice n. 任性
satiation n. 滿足
frantically adv. 狂亂地
avenge v. 替…報復
boredom n. 厭煩
clatter n. 喧鬧的談話
sustenance n. 生計
appetite n. 欲望
grudge v. 怨恨
absorbing adj. 引人入勝的
banish v. 排除，放棄
Lesson47
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What is one of the features of modern camping where nationality is concerned?
Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon -- an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts. but because he is afraid of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maitre d'hotel.
From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) are there, outside -- or, as likely, part of -- the tent.
Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
NIGEL BUXTON The Great Escape from The Weekend Telegraph
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
assumption n. 假定
manoeuvre v. (驅(qū)車)移動
myriad adj. 無數(shù)的
paradox n. 自相矛盾的事
cynic n. 憤世嫉俗者
sociologist n. 社會學家
shun v. 避開
affluent adj. 富有的
chambermaid n. 女招待員
boo b. 呸的一聲
maitre d'hotel n. [法語]總管
snobbery n. 勢利
hierarchy n. 等級制度
entail v. 便成為必要
inclement adj. 險惡的
package tour 由旅行社安排一切的一攬子旅游
insularity n. 偏狹
cater v. 迎合
exclusively adv. 排他地
cosmopolitan adj. 世界的
preponderance n. 優(yōu)勢
overwhelmingly adv. 以壓倒優(yōu)勢地，清一色地
patronage n. 恩惠，惠顧
sauerkraut n. 泡菜
vie v. 競爭
municipality n. 市政*
itinerant n. 巡回者
heath v. 荒地
alienate v. 便疏遠
eternal adj. 永久的
【課文注釋】
1.it is far from 遠不是
be far from 毫不, 一點也不, 遠非, 幾乎相反
例句：His explanation was far from satisfactory.
他的解釋一點也不令人滿意。
What he said was far from the truth.
他所說的遠非事實。
2.twenty pounds' worth of space 價值20鎊的空地，其中worth是名詞。
3.myriad permanent sites 無數(shù)的常年營地
4.hub to hub with 輪轂與……輪轂相接
5.bicycles made for two 雙人自行車
6.the Splendide and the Bellavista 兩大酒店的名字
7.shun 避開，避免
例句：They shun personal fame and gains.
他們不計個人名利。
This recluse shunned all company.
這位隱士不與任何人來往。
Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.
智者熱愛真理,愚者回避真理。
He shunned meeting any of his friends.
他避免與他的任何朋友碰面。
8.affluent adj.富有的
例句：We live in an affluent society .
我們生活在一個富裕的社會中。
He was born to an affluent family.
他生在富裕人家。
A car and a house are considered as necessities in an affluent society.
在一個富裕的社會里,汽車和洋房都被當作是必需品。
9.say boo to a maitre d'hotel 對酒店的經(jīng)理表示不滿。say boo to a maitre d'hotel , 是從 not say boo to a goose(非常膽小，不敢得罪)演變而來的。在這個成語中， a goose 常被人們幽默地換成其他字眼。
10.Granted...but "雖然……但是……"這種句型中的Granted總放在句首，意思是Yes，相當于一個連接副詞的作用。
11.in the shape of 以……形式出現(xiàn)的
12.entail vt.
①使必需
例句：This job entails a lot of hard work.
這項工作需要十分努力。
It will entail driving a long distance every day.
這意味著每天都要長途開車。
②帶來
例句：The alteration would entail an expenditure of 50 pounds.
此項改變將帶來為數(shù)五十英磅的花費。
③限定繼承
例句：He would have sold the property long ago had it not been entailed.
這些財產(chǎn)若非限定繼承的話，他早就賣掉了。
13.be to hand 垂手可得
14.cater for 迎合……
例句：TV must cater for many different tastes.
電視節(jié)目必須迎合各種人的愛好。
Our politicians should learn to cater for the man in the street.
我們的政治家要學會投合廣大普通群眾的需要。
Unfortunately, these firms rarely cater for retail customers, the supposed
beneficiaries of the crusade.
不幸的是，這些公司很少去投合中小投資者的需要，而中小投資者才是這項改革運
動預期中的受益者。
15.be wary of 提防
例句：She was wary of strangers.
她對陌生人很警惕。
I would advise you to be wary of Kevin; he's been gunning for you since you stole
his girlfriend.
我想勸告你提防克文，自從你搶走了他的女朋友以來，他一直在尋找機會報復
你。
16.alienate vt.
①使疏遠
例句：We'd better not alienate ourselves from the colleagues.
我們好還是不要與同事們疏遠。
The Prime Minister's policy alienated many of her followers.
首相的政策使很多擁護她的人疏遠了她。
②離間
例句：His attempts to alienate the two friends failed.
他離間那一對朋友的企圖失敗了。
She tried to alienate him from his brother
她企圖離間他和他的兄弟。
③讓與
例句：The law required all citizens to alienate their property to the government.
這部法律要求所有的公民都要把他們的財產(chǎn)轉讓給政府。
The executive could not alienate any part of our territory.
行政官員不能將我們領土的任何部分讓給他人。
④麻木
例句：The numbing labor tended to alienate workers.
枯燥的工作可以使工人變得麻木
17.Boy Scout 童子軍
【參考譯文】
圖省錢是露營的一個主要動機，因為除了開始時購置或是租借一套露營裝備外，總費用算起來要比住旅館開支少得多。但是，和一般的看法相反，這決非是僅有的，甚至不是主要的動機。如果一位游客漫不經(jīng)心地駕車駛入歐洲無數(shù)常年營地之一，花20鎊租用一個空位，那么他可能會碰見一輛本特利汽車，更可能會望見一輛福特.康索爾或一輛雷諾或一輛梅塞迪斯并排停放著，不過雙人自行車則不容易看到。
現(xiàn)代露營裝備一年比一年講究，這對那些厭世嫉俗者來說是一件有趣的自相矛盾的事情。而對于發(fā)誓用露營來擺脫煩惱的人來說，卻帶來了更光明的前景。學社會學的大學生來露營是另一種形式的擺脫現(xiàn)實，他們的目的很可能是根據(jù)觀察到的露營現(xiàn)象去寫論文?，F(xiàn)代露營旅游的人往往討厭在“斯普蘭迪德”和“貝拉維斯塔”這樣的大酒店，這并不是因為他們付不起錢，也不是為了躲避物質(zhì)享受，而是因為他們害怕酒店。他們可能很富有，但給看門人和房間女服務多少小費，心中卻根本沒有數(shù);他們在家可能是主人，但不知道什么時候才能對酒店的經(jīng)理表示不滿。
露營使人們免除了這些憂慮。誠然，露營地本身也存在以露營裝備和方式取人的勢利現(xiàn)象，但如果有這種情況，露營者也容易理解，知道如何對付，但在露營地里根本不會有管人的“人上人”和酒店里的等級制度來使露營者的假日過得陰郁低沉。
除以上動機外，還應加上一個。當前崇拜汽車現(xiàn)象可以用與所有權相伴的獨立和自由意識來解釋。因此開車去露營會給這種快樂意識增加一種優(yōu)雅意境。
從自己的家門出發(fā)到國內(nèi)國外的山區(qū)或沙灘上露營然后返回，一切都很便利。完全在自己掌握之中的私人汽車不僅是到達假日天堂的工具，而且也是逃離假日地獄(如海灘太擠，當?shù)靥鞖鈵毫?方便工具，因為汽車就停在帳篷外面，或者汽車本身可能就是露營帳篷的一個組成部分。
理想主義者像反對旅行社安排一切的一攬子旅游一樣反對露營的作法，說這種封閉的作法使到國外旅游者失去了了解所去國家人民的機會。他們爭論說，心胸狹窄和自我封閉是并存的。但這種說法在受人歡迎的歐洲露營地是站不住腳的。假日旅館有只接待來自一個國家的旅游者的傾向，有時會達到排他的程度。而露營駐地則相反，是高度世界性的。在大多數(shù)地中海露營地里，德國人占優(yōu)勢似乎是個普遍現(xiàn)象，確實如此，但并沒有特別的優(yōu)待。禁止露天曬衣服、禁止用水龍頭沖洗汽車的布告和邀請露營朋友參加舞會、乘船觀光的招貼不僅印志法語、意大利語、西班牙語，而且也印成英語、德語、荷蘭語。用飯的時候，德國泡菜味和大蒜味爭相散發(fā)，法國人的早點咖啡和英國人的咸肉煎蛋競相比美。
有組織的露營活動的明顯發(fā)展是否意味著較獨立的自我封閉式露營的終消失，還很難說。市政*當然希望獲得露營者的場地費和其他光臨的好處，警察則對那些查不出有固定營地或住處的游蕩者保持警惕。但重要的或許是露營者自己，即他們引起了多少場野火，留下了多少垃圾?？傊?，他們是否弄得土地的主人和鄉(xiāng)間的居民同他們反目。只有優(yōu)良的童子軍活動才能保持不朽的童子軍所衷心熱愛的各項自由。
Lesson48
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How does the older investor differ in his approach to investment from the younger investor?
There is no shortage of tipsters around offering 'get-rich-quick' opportunities. But if you are a serious private investor, leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter. The serious investor needs a proper 'portfolio' -- a well-planned selection of investments, with a definite structure and a clear aim. But exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?
Well, if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money, you're likely to get five different answers, -- even if you give all the relevant information about your age, family, finances and what you want from your investments. Moral? There is no one 'right' way to structure a portfolio. However, there are undoubtedly some wrong ways, and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all (or perhaps any) of your money into Periwigs*.
So what should you do? We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics -- like mortgages, pensions, insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves. You should then establish your own individual aims. These are partly a matter of personal circumstances, partly a matter of psychology.
For instance, if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses, and you may well wish to boost your pension income. So preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main priorities. In this case, you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones), along with gilts, cash deposits, and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts.
If you are younger, and in a solid financial position, you may decide to take an aggressive approach -- but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share prices. If you recognize yourself in this description, you might include a couple of heady growth stocks in your portfolio, alongside your more pedestrian in vestments. Once you have decided on your investment aims, you can then decide where to put your money. The golden rule here is spread your risk -- if you put all of your money into Periwigs International, you're setting yourself up as a hostage to fortune.
*'Periwigs' is the name of a fictitious company.
INVESTOR'S CHRONICLE, March 23 1990
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
portfolio n. 投資組合
tipster n. (以提供證券投機等內(nèi)部消息為主的)情報販子
Las Vegas n. 拉斯韋加斯
fritter v. 揮霍，浪費
reputable n. 享有聲望的
broker n. 經(jīng)紀人
finance n. 資金，財源
mortgage n. 抵押貸款
pension n. 養(yǎng)老金
priority n. 優(yōu)先權
gilt n. 金邊證券(高度可靠的證券)
convertible n. 可換證券
sanguine adj. 樂觀的
heady adj. 令人陶醉的
alongside prep. 在……旁邊，和……一起
pedestrian adj. 平淡無奇的，乏味的
【課文注釋】
1.get-rich-quick 迅速發(fā)財致富
2.fritter v.揮霍，浪費
fritter away v. 浪費(時間等)
3.go about 從事，做
例句：She went about her work quite as cheerlessly as usual.
她和往常一樣十分郁悶地著手做她的事。
Despite the threat of war, people go about their work as usual.
盡管戰(zhàn)爭一觸即發(fā)，人們?nèi)韵衿綍r一樣工作。
Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?
請您告訴我怎樣去聯(lián)絡律師?
4.Periwigs* 是一個假想中公司的名字
5.sort out the basics
sort out
①整理
例句：She spent a whole afternoon sorting out her stamps.
她花了整整一個下午整理郵票。
They sorted out the data and carded them.
他們將資料加以整理并編制成卡片。
②選出
例句：Sort out things you want to keep and throw everything else away .
把你要保存的東西揀選出來，其余的扔掉。
③解決
例句：Let us leave that couple to sort themselves out .
我們讓那一對夫婦自己解決他們之間的問題吧。
④懲罰
例句：If you don't stop that noise, I'll come in and sort you out.
如果你們還在那里吵吵鬧鬧，我就進來懲罰你們。
⑤分類
例句：They sort out items that can be recycled.
他們分類出可以回收的垃圾.
6. the basics 這里指基本情況、基本要素
7.cash reserves 現(xiàn)金儲備
8.boost v.
①提高
例句：This new technique will boost food production.
這種新工藝將會提高食品產(chǎn)量。
②增加
例句：The publication of this book boost my confidence.
這本書的出版增強了我的信心。
③鼓勵
例句：The change of management has boosted morale throughout the company.
管理層的變更使整個公司士氣大振。
④舉起
例句：Boost me up the tree and I'll get the apple.
把我托上樹,我就能摘到那只蘋果了。
⑤為...做宣傳
例句：They launched a campaign to boost new fashions.
他們發(fā)起了一項推銷新式時裝的廣告運動。
9.the income shares of split capital investment trusts 分割資本投資信托公司的所得股
split capital investment trusts 分割資本投資信托公司
10.sanguine adj.樂觀的
例句：He is not very sanguine about our chances of success.
他對我們成功的機會不太樂觀。
We are sanguine that we shall be succeeding.
我們自信會成功。
11.If you recognize yourself in this description 如果你覺得你的情況是這樣的話。
12.pedestrian adj.
①徒步的
例句：We enjoy all pedestrian activities.
我們喜歡所有的步行活動。
They ought to stop at the pedestrian crossing.
他們該停在人行橫道上。
②缺乏想像的
例句：He was rather a pedestrian student.
他原是個相當平常的學生。
We present this approach in a pedestrian version.
我們用平鋪直敘的方式介紹這個方法。
n. 行人
【參考譯文】
我們周圍不乏情報販子，向人們提供迅速發(fā)財致富的機遇。但是，如果你是一個認真的私人投資者，就把拉斯韋加斯的心態(tài)留給那些有錢可供揮霍的人。認真的投資者需要一份正規(guī)的投資組合表 -- 一種計劃很周密的投資選擇，包括你的投資結構和明確的目標。但是, 一個股票市場的新手又如何能做到這一點呢?
如果你去向5位有威望的股票經(jīng)紀人咨詢，詢問你應該如何使用你的資金，你可能得到5種不同的答復，即便你提供了有關于你的年齡、家庭、財源和你想從投資中獲得好處的信息。這是個道德問題嗎?沒有一種完全“正確”的方法來排列這種投資組合，然而，卻毫無疑問地有幾種錯誤的方法。可以相信5位經(jīng)紀人中不會有人建議你把全部(或一部份)資金投入佩里威格斯公司。
那么你該怎么做呢?我們假定你已把基本情況弄清楚了，如抵押貸款、養(yǎng)老金、保險金和動用現(xiàn)金儲備的機會。然后，你一定要建立起自己的目標。這里一方面是個所處的環(huán)境，另一方面是個心理學的問題。
比如說，如果你年紀較大，你從重大投資損失中恢復過來的時間就較少，你就很希望能夠提高你的養(yǎng)老金收入。因此，你的首要任務就是保護你的資金和引發(fā)額外的收入。在這種情況下，你大概想制定一份包括某些股份(但不是風險很大的股份)的投資組合，同時還有高度可靠的證券、現(xiàn)金儲蓄，可能還有可換證券，或分割資本投資信托公司的所得股。
如果你年輕一些，并且經(jīng)濟狀況可靠，你可能會采取一種積極進取的方式 -- 你必須性格開朗，不會因股票價格的浮動而夜不能眠。如果你覺得你的情況是這樣的話，你可在投資組合中包括幾項有令人陶醉的增值前景的增長股，和其他比較平淡的投資項目放在一起。一旦你的投資目標確立以后，你就可以決定你的錢投向何處。這里的指導原則是：分散你的投資風險。如果你把所有資金投入佩里威格斯國際公司，你就把自己當成了命運的人質(zhì)。
Lesson46
【課文】
Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late. The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them.
If you are citing a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minted too late. Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on it. An even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you. Such an experience befell a certain young girl the first time she was traveling alone.
She entered the station twenty minutes before the train was due, since her parents had impressed upon her that it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her. She gave her luggage to a porter and showed him her ticket. To her horror he said that she was two hours too soon. She felt in her handbag for the piece of paper on which her father had written down all the details of the journey and gave it to the porter. He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers. The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake. The porter went to fetch one and arrive back with the station master, who produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic 'o' beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station; this little 'o' indicated that the train only stopped for mail. Just as that moment the train came into the station. The girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van. But the station master was adamant: rules could not be broken and she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.
【課文翻譯】
準時是文明社會中進行一切社交活動時必須養(yǎng)成的習慣。不準時將一事無成，事事都會陷入混亂不堪的境地。只有在人口稀少的農(nóng)村，才可以忽視準時的習慣。在日常生活中人們可以容忍一定程度的不準時。一個專心鉆研某個復雜問題的知識分子，為了搞好手頭的研究，要把一切都協(xié)調(diào)一致，組織周密。因此，他要是赴宴遲到了會得到諒解。但有些人不準時常常因為掐鐘點所致，他們常常受到責備，精力充沛、頭腦敏捷的人極不愿意浪費時間，因此他們常想做完一件事后再去赴約。要是路上沒有發(fā)生如爆胎、改道、突然起霧等意外事故，他們決不會遲到。他們與那些從不遲到的人相比，常常是更勤奮有用的公民。早到的人同遲到的人一樣令人討厭?？腿颂崆鞍胄r到達是令人討厭的。我家有幾個朋友就有這有令人惱火的習慣。的辦法就是請他們比別的客人晚來半小時。這樣，他們可以恰好在我們要求的時間到達。
如果趕火車，早到總比晚到好，哪怕早到一會兒也好。雖然早到可能意味著浪費一點時間，但這比誤了火車等上一個多小時坐下班車浪費的時間要少，而且可以避免那種正好在火車駛出站時趕到車站，因上不去車而感到的沮喪。更難堪的情況是雖然及時趕到站臺上，卻眼睜睜地看著那趟火車啟動，把你拋下。一個小姑娘第單獨出門就碰到了這種情況。
在火車進站20分鐘前她就進了車站。因為她的父母再三跟她說，如果誤了這趟車，她的東道主朋友就得接她兩趟，這是不應該的。她把行李交給搬運工并給他看了車票。搬運工說她早到了兩個小時，她聽后大吃一驚。她從錢包里摸出一張紙條，那上面有她父親對這次旅行詳細說明，她把這張紙條交給了搬運工。搬運工說，正如紙條所說，確有一趟火車在那個時刻到站，但它只停站裝郵件，不載旅客。姑娘要求看到時刻表，因為她相信父親不能把這么大的事弄錯。搬運工跑回去取時刻表，同時請來了站長。站長拿著時刻表一揮手，指著那趟列車到站時刻旁邊一個很小的圓圈標記。這個標記表示列車是為裝郵件而停車。正在這時，火車進站了。女孩淚流滿面，央求讓她不聲不響地到押車員車廂里去算了。但站長態(tài)度堅決，規(guī)章制度不能破壞，姑娘只得眼看那趟火車消逝在她要去的方向而撇下了她。
【詞匯】
punctuality n. 準時
rural adv. 農(nóng)村的
disregard v. 不顧，無視
intellectual n. 知識分子
abstruse adj. 深奧的
coordinate v. 協(xié)調(diào)
reproach v. 責備
puncture v. 刺破(輪胎)
diversion n. 改道，繞道
trial n. 討厭的事，人
fraction n. 很小一點兒
flourish n. 揮舞(打手勢)
microscopic adj. 微小的
adamant adj. 堅定的，不動搖的
【重點詞匯講解】
【disregard】
英英：give little or no attention to
例句：
1. Please disregard the mess and sit right here.
請不顧凌亂狀態(tài)，就坐在這兒吧。
2. The boy's failure was due to continued disregard of his studies.
這孩子不及格是由于他經(jīng)常不重視功課的原故。
3. Her actions manifested a complete disregard for personal safety.
她的行動表明她全然不顧個人安危。
【abstruse】
例句：
1. Einstein's theory of relativity is very abstruse .
愛因斯坦的相對論非常難懂。
2. Lu Xun's works are very abstruse. You must read between the lines.
魯迅的著作非常深奧難解，你必須從字里行間去仔細體會。
【coordinate】
英英：bring order and organization to
例句：
1. Coordinate labour relations and gradually improve the living standards of the workers.
協(xié)調(diào)勞動關系，逐步提高勞動者的生活水平。
2. We should have established a rescue center or a system that can coordinate our resources.
我們應該建立了救援中心或一個系統(tǒng)，能夠協(xié)調(diào)我們的資源。
3. Communication was essential if we were to coordinate our protests and complaints.
如果我們要協(xié)調(diào)*和控訴活動，交流信息是必不可少的。
【reproach】
英英：express criticism towards
例句：
1. Do not reproach yourself, it was not your fault.
不要責備你自己，這不是你的過錯。
2. I have nothing either to hope or fear, and nothing to reproach him with.
我既沒有什么奢望，也沒有什么擔心，更沒有什么要責備他的地方。
3. It is illegal to reproach Jesus Christ or the holy ghost.
責備耶穌基督或圣靈是違法的。
【trial】
例句：
1. Character can not be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthed.
性格不可能在安逸和平靜中得以發(fā)展，只有通過艱難和困苦的磨煉才能使內(nèi)心堅定，視野開闊，雄心振奮，從而達到成功的目的。
2. His blindness is a great trial to him.
眼睛瞎對他來說是非常麻煩的事。
【fraction】
例句：
1. It remains a fraction of its former size.
它目前的規(guī)模只有以前的一小部分。
2. The cost of copying a disk of software or a tape of music is a fraction of the cost of the product.
事實上，復制一個軟件光盤或者一盤音樂磁帶的成本，只是這個產(chǎn)品的整個成本的一小部分。
【adamant】
例句：
1. She was adamant in refusing to comply with his wishes.
她固執(zhí)地拒絕按他的意愿辦。
2. Most officials are adamant that the policy remains in place.
很多官員在遲疑是否要保留這項政策。
【常用短語】
【bring to a cnoclusion】結束
【in hand】手頭的
【in good time for】及時的
【impress upon】使牢記
【break the rule】違反規(guī)定
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Who, according to the author, are 'Fortune's favoured children'?
A gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.' It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.
The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.
To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.' Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball or Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.
As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human being are divided into two classes: first,those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
WINSTON CHURCHLL Painting as a Pastime
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
gifted adj. 有天才的
psychologist n. 心理學家
spasm n. 一陣(感情)發(fā)作
futile adj. 無用的
insinuate v. 便潛入，暗示
convulsive adj. 起痙攣的
illumination n. 啟發(fā)，照明
undue adj. 不造當?shù)?BR> grip n. 緊張
recuperation n. 休息
improvise v. 臨時作成
sedulously adv. 孜孜不倦地
vivify v. 使生氣勃勃
aggravate v. 加劇
trifling adj. 微小的
gratify v. 便滿意
caprice n. 任性
satiation n. 滿足
frantically adv. 狂亂地
avenge v. 替…報復
boredom n. 厭煩
clatter n. 喧鬧的談話
sustenance n. 生計
appetite n. 欲望
grudge v. 怨恨
absorbing adj. 引人入勝的
banish v. 排除，放棄
Lesson47
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
What is one of the features of modern camping where nationality is concerned?
Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon -- an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts. but because he is afraid of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maitre d'hotel.
From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) are there, outside -- or, as likely, part of -- the tent.
Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
NIGEL BUXTON The Great Escape from The Weekend Telegraph
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
assumption n. 假定
manoeuvre v. (驅(qū)車)移動
myriad adj. 無數(shù)的
paradox n. 自相矛盾的事
cynic n. 憤世嫉俗者
sociologist n. 社會學家
shun v. 避開
affluent adj. 富有的
chambermaid n. 女招待員
boo b. 呸的一聲
maitre d'hotel n. [法語]總管
snobbery n. 勢利
hierarchy n. 等級制度
entail v. 便成為必要
inclement adj. 險惡的
package tour 由旅行社安排一切的一攬子旅游
insularity n. 偏狹
cater v. 迎合
exclusively adv. 排他地
cosmopolitan adj. 世界的
preponderance n. 優(yōu)勢
overwhelmingly adv. 以壓倒優(yōu)勢地，清一色地
patronage n. 恩惠，惠顧
sauerkraut n. 泡菜
vie v. 競爭
municipality n. 市政*
itinerant n. 巡回者
heath v. 荒地
alienate v. 便疏遠
eternal adj. 永久的
【課文注釋】
1.it is far from 遠不是
be far from 毫不, 一點也不, 遠非, 幾乎相反
例句：His explanation was far from satisfactory.
他的解釋一點也不令人滿意。
What he said was far from the truth.
他所說的遠非事實。
2.twenty pounds' worth of space 價值20鎊的空地，其中worth是名詞。
3.myriad permanent sites 無數(shù)的常年營地
4.hub to hub with 輪轂與……輪轂相接
5.bicycles made for two 雙人自行車
6.the Splendide and the Bellavista 兩大酒店的名字
7.shun 避開，避免
例句：They shun personal fame and gains.
他們不計個人名利。
This recluse shunned all company.
這位隱士不與任何人來往。
Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.
智者熱愛真理,愚者回避真理。
He shunned meeting any of his friends.
他避免與他的任何朋友碰面。
8.affluent adj.富有的
例句：We live in an affluent society .
我們生活在一個富裕的社會中。
He was born to an affluent family.
他生在富裕人家。
A car and a house are considered as necessities in an affluent society.
在一個富裕的社會里,汽車和洋房都被當作是必需品。
9.say boo to a maitre d'hotel 對酒店的經(jīng)理表示不滿。say boo to a maitre d'hotel , 是從 not say boo to a goose(非常膽小，不敢得罪)演變而來的。在這個成語中， a goose 常被人們幽默地換成其他字眼。
10.Granted...but "雖然……但是……"這種句型中的Granted總放在句首，意思是Yes，相當于一個連接副詞的作用。
11.in the shape of 以……形式出現(xiàn)的
12.entail vt.
①使必需
例句：This job entails a lot of hard work.
這項工作需要十分努力。
It will entail driving a long distance every day.
這意味著每天都要長途開車。
②帶來
例句：The alteration would entail an expenditure of 50 pounds.
此項改變將帶來為數(shù)五十英磅的花費。
③限定繼承
例句：He would have sold the property long ago had it not been entailed.
這些財產(chǎn)若非限定繼承的話，他早就賣掉了。
13.be to hand 垂手可得
14.cater for 迎合……
例句：TV must cater for many different tastes.
電視節(jié)目必須迎合各種人的愛好。
Our politicians should learn to cater for the man in the street.
我們的政治家要學會投合廣大普通群眾的需要。
Unfortunately, these firms rarely cater for retail customers, the supposed
beneficiaries of the crusade.
不幸的是，這些公司很少去投合中小投資者的需要，而中小投資者才是這項改革運
動預期中的受益者。
15.be wary of 提防
例句：She was wary of strangers.
她對陌生人很警惕。
I would advise you to be wary of Kevin; he's been gunning for you since you stole
his girlfriend.
我想勸告你提防克文，自從你搶走了他的女朋友以來，他一直在尋找機會報復
你。
16.alienate vt.
①使疏遠
例句：We'd better not alienate ourselves from the colleagues.
我們好還是不要與同事們疏遠。
The Prime Minister's policy alienated many of her followers.
首相的政策使很多擁護她的人疏遠了她。
②離間
例句：His attempts to alienate the two friends failed.
他離間那一對朋友的企圖失敗了。
She tried to alienate him from his brother
她企圖離間他和他的兄弟。
③讓與
例句：The law required all citizens to alienate their property to the government.
這部法律要求所有的公民都要把他們的財產(chǎn)轉讓給政府。
The executive could not alienate any part of our territory.
行政官員不能將我們領土的任何部分讓給他人。
④麻木
例句：The numbing labor tended to alienate workers.
枯燥的工作可以使工人變得麻木
17.Boy Scout 童子軍
【參考譯文】
圖省錢是露營的一個主要動機，因為除了開始時購置或是租借一套露營裝備外，總費用算起來要比住旅館開支少得多。但是，和一般的看法相反，這決非是僅有的，甚至不是主要的動機。如果一位游客漫不經(jīng)心地駕車駛入歐洲無數(shù)常年營地之一，花20鎊租用一個空位，那么他可能會碰見一輛本特利汽車，更可能會望見一輛福特.康索爾或一輛雷諾或一輛梅塞迪斯并排停放著，不過雙人自行車則不容易看到。
現(xiàn)代露營裝備一年比一年講究，這對那些厭世嫉俗者來說是一件有趣的自相矛盾的事情。而對于發(fā)誓用露營來擺脫煩惱的人來說，卻帶來了更光明的前景。學社會學的大學生來露營是另一種形式的擺脫現(xiàn)實，他們的目的很可能是根據(jù)觀察到的露營現(xiàn)象去寫論文?，F(xiàn)代露營旅游的人往往討厭在“斯普蘭迪德”和“貝拉維斯塔”這樣的大酒店，這并不是因為他們付不起錢，也不是為了躲避物質(zhì)享受，而是因為他們害怕酒店。他們可能很富有，但給看門人和房間女服務多少小費，心中卻根本沒有數(shù);他們在家可能是主人，但不知道什么時候才能對酒店的經(jīng)理表示不滿。
露營使人們免除了這些憂慮。誠然，露營地本身也存在以露營裝備和方式取人的勢利現(xiàn)象，但如果有這種情況，露營者也容易理解，知道如何對付，但在露營地里根本不會有管人的“人上人”和酒店里的等級制度來使露營者的假日過得陰郁低沉。
除以上動機外，還應加上一個。當前崇拜汽車現(xiàn)象可以用與所有權相伴的獨立和自由意識來解釋。因此開車去露營會給這種快樂意識增加一種優(yōu)雅意境。
從自己的家門出發(fā)到國內(nèi)國外的山區(qū)或沙灘上露營然后返回，一切都很便利。完全在自己掌握之中的私人汽車不僅是到達假日天堂的工具，而且也是逃離假日地獄(如海灘太擠，當?shù)靥鞖鈵毫?方便工具，因為汽車就停在帳篷外面，或者汽車本身可能就是露營帳篷的一個組成部分。
理想主義者像反對旅行社安排一切的一攬子旅游一樣反對露營的作法，說這種封閉的作法使到國外旅游者失去了了解所去國家人民的機會。他們爭論說，心胸狹窄和自我封閉是并存的。但這種說法在受人歡迎的歐洲露營地是站不住腳的。假日旅館有只接待來自一個國家的旅游者的傾向，有時會達到排他的程度。而露營駐地則相反，是高度世界性的。在大多數(shù)地中海露營地里，德國人占優(yōu)勢似乎是個普遍現(xiàn)象，確實如此，但并沒有特別的優(yōu)待。禁止露天曬衣服、禁止用水龍頭沖洗汽車的布告和邀請露營朋友參加舞會、乘船觀光的招貼不僅印志法語、意大利語、西班牙語，而且也印成英語、德語、荷蘭語。用飯的時候，德國泡菜味和大蒜味爭相散發(fā)，法國人的早點咖啡和英國人的咸肉煎蛋競相比美。
有組織的露營活動的明顯發(fā)展是否意味著較獨立的自我封閉式露營的終消失，還很難說。市政*當然希望獲得露營者的場地費和其他光臨的好處，警察則對那些查不出有固定營地或住處的游蕩者保持警惕。但重要的或許是露營者自己，即他們引起了多少場野火，留下了多少垃圾?？傊?，他們是否弄得土地的主人和鄉(xiāng)間的居民同他們反目。只有優(yōu)良的童子軍活動才能保持不朽的童子軍所衷心熱愛的各項自由。
Lesson48
【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
How does the older investor differ in his approach to investment from the younger investor?
There is no shortage of tipsters around offering 'get-rich-quick' opportunities. But if you are a serious private investor, leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter. The serious investor needs a proper 'portfolio' -- a well-planned selection of investments, with a definite structure and a clear aim. But exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?
Well, if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money, you're likely to get five different answers, -- even if you give all the relevant information about your age, family, finances and what you want from your investments. Moral? There is no one 'right' way to structure a portfolio. However, there are undoubtedly some wrong ways, and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all (or perhaps any) of your money into Periwigs*.
So what should you do? We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics -- like mortgages, pensions, insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves. You should then establish your own individual aims. These are partly a matter of personal circumstances, partly a matter of psychology.
For instance, if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses, and you may well wish to boost your pension income. So preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main priorities. In this case, you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones), along with gilts, cash deposits, and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts.
If you are younger, and in a solid financial position, you may decide to take an aggressive approach -- but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share prices. If you recognize yourself in this description, you might include a couple of heady growth stocks in your portfolio, alongside your more pedestrian in vestments. Once you have decided on your investment aims, you can then decide where to put your money. The golden rule here is spread your risk -- if you put all of your money into Periwigs International, you're setting yourself up as a hostage to fortune.
*'Periwigs' is the name of a fictitious company.
INVESTOR'S CHRONICLE, March 23 1990
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語】
portfolio n. 投資組合
tipster n. (以提供證券投機等內(nèi)部消息為主的)情報販子
Las Vegas n. 拉斯韋加斯
fritter v. 揮霍，浪費
reputable n. 享有聲望的
broker n. 經(jīng)紀人
finance n. 資金，財源
mortgage n. 抵押貸款
pension n. 養(yǎng)老金
priority n. 優(yōu)先權
gilt n. 金邊證券(高度可靠的證券)
convertible n. 可換證券
sanguine adj. 樂觀的
heady adj. 令人陶醉的
alongside prep. 在……旁邊，和……一起
pedestrian adj. 平淡無奇的，乏味的
【課文注釋】
1.get-rich-quick 迅速發(fā)財致富
2.fritter v.揮霍，浪費
fritter away v. 浪費(時間等)
3.go about 從事，做
例句：She went about her work quite as cheerlessly as usual.
她和往常一樣十分郁悶地著手做她的事。
Despite the threat of war, people go about their work as usual.
盡管戰(zhàn)爭一觸即發(fā)，人們?nèi)韵衿綍r一樣工作。
Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?
請您告訴我怎樣去聯(lián)絡律師?
4.Periwigs* 是一個假想中公司的名字
5.sort out the basics
sort out
①整理
例句：She spent a whole afternoon sorting out her stamps.
她花了整整一個下午整理郵票。
They sorted out the data and carded them.
他們將資料加以整理并編制成卡片。
②選出
例句：Sort out things you want to keep and throw everything else away .
把你要保存的東西揀選出來，其余的扔掉。
③解決
例句：Let us leave that couple to sort themselves out .
我們讓那一對夫婦自己解決他們之間的問題吧。
④懲罰
例句：If you don't stop that noise, I'll come in and sort you out.
如果你們還在那里吵吵鬧鬧，我就進來懲罰你們。
⑤分類
例句：They sort out items that can be recycled.
他們分類出可以回收的垃圾.
6. the basics 這里指基本情況、基本要素
7.cash reserves 現(xiàn)金儲備
8.boost v.
①提高
例句：This new technique will boost food production.
這種新工藝將會提高食品產(chǎn)量。
②增加
例句：The publication of this book boost my confidence.
這本書的出版增強了我的信心。
③鼓勵
例句：The change of management has boosted morale throughout the company.
管理層的變更使整個公司士氣大振。
④舉起
例句：Boost me up the tree and I'll get the apple.
把我托上樹,我就能摘到那只蘋果了。
⑤為...做宣傳
例句：They launched a campaign to boost new fashions.
他們發(fā)起了一項推銷新式時裝的廣告運動。
9.the income shares of split capital investment trusts 分割資本投資信托公司的所得股
split capital investment trusts 分割資本投資信托公司
10.sanguine adj.樂觀的
例句：He is not very sanguine about our chances of success.
他對我們成功的機會不太樂觀。
We are sanguine that we shall be succeeding.
我們自信會成功。
11.If you recognize yourself in this description 如果你覺得你的情況是這樣的話。
12.pedestrian adj.
①徒步的
例句：We enjoy all pedestrian activities.
我們喜歡所有的步行活動。
They ought to stop at the pedestrian crossing.
他們該停在人行橫道上。
②缺乏想像的
例句：He was rather a pedestrian student.
他原是個相當平常的學生。
We present this approach in a pedestrian version.
我們用平鋪直敘的方式介紹這個方法。
n. 行人
【參考譯文】
我們周圍不乏情報販子，向人們提供迅速發(fā)財致富的機遇。但是，如果你是一個認真的私人投資者，就把拉斯韋加斯的心態(tài)留給那些有錢可供揮霍的人。認真的投資者需要一份正規(guī)的投資組合表 -- 一種計劃很周密的投資選擇，包括你的投資結構和明確的目標。但是, 一個股票市場的新手又如何能做到這一點呢?
如果你去向5位有威望的股票經(jīng)紀人咨詢，詢問你應該如何使用你的資金，你可能得到5種不同的答復，即便你提供了有關于你的年齡、家庭、財源和你想從投資中獲得好處的信息。這是個道德問題嗎?沒有一種完全“正確”的方法來排列這種投資組合，然而，卻毫無疑問地有幾種錯誤的方法。可以相信5位經(jīng)紀人中不會有人建議你把全部(或一部份)資金投入佩里威格斯公司。
那么你該怎么做呢?我們假定你已把基本情況弄清楚了，如抵押貸款、養(yǎng)老金、保險金和動用現(xiàn)金儲備的機會。然后，你一定要建立起自己的目標。這里一方面是個所處的環(huán)境，另一方面是個心理學的問題。
比如說，如果你年紀較大，你從重大投資損失中恢復過來的時間就較少，你就很希望能夠提高你的養(yǎng)老金收入。因此，你的首要任務就是保護你的資金和引發(fā)額外的收入。在這種情況下，你大概想制定一份包括某些股份(但不是風險很大的股份)的投資組合，同時還有高度可靠的證券、現(xiàn)金儲蓄，可能還有可換證券，或分割資本投資信托公司的所得股。
如果你年輕一些，并且經(jīng)濟狀況可靠，你可能會采取一種積極進取的方式 -- 你必須性格開朗，不會因股票價格的浮動而夜不能眠。如果你覺得你的情況是這樣的話，你可在投資組合中包括幾項有令人陶醉的增值前景的增長股，和其他比較平淡的投資項目放在一起。一旦你的投資目標確立以后，你就可以決定你的錢投向何處。這里的指導原則是：分散你的投資風險。如果你把所有資金投入佩里威格斯國際公司，你就把自己當成了命運的人質(zhì)。