新概念英語第一冊:語法主語從句

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    新概念英語作為一套世界聞名的英語教程,以其全新的教學(xué)理念,有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓(xùn)練,深受廣大英語學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎和喜愛。為您提供,希望以下內(nèi)容能夠?yàn)榇蠹业男赂拍钣⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助!
         【篇一】名詞性從句
    在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
    分類
    引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
    連詞(5個(gè)):that (本身無意義。引導(dǎo)單一的賓語從句時(shí)that??墒÷?,但引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí)that通常不被省略)
    whether,if (均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)
    as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
    以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分
    連接代詞(10個(gè)):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose,whosever, which, whichever
    連接副詞(7個(gè)):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
    不可省略的連詞:
    1. 介詞后的連詞。
    2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
    That she was chosen made us very happy.
    We heard the news that our team had won.
    3. 在從句中做成分的連詞.
    比較
    whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,只可用whether:
    1. whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首。
    eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
    2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句。
    eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.
    3. whether從句作介詞賓語。
    eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.
    4.if與whether都可以與or not 連用,但后面緊跟or not 時(shí)只能用whether。
    We didn't know whether or not she was ready.(此時(shí)只能用whether)
    I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.(此時(shí)則二者都可以用)
    5.后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。
    6.引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)。
         【篇二】語法:賓語從句
           一、重要語法:賓語從句
    1、賓語從句
    本課側(cè)重的是由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的用法,主要的疑問詞有if/whether/how/why/what/when/where等。如:
    I don't know when I'll finish.
    My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help.
    I don't know what you're talking about.
    二、課文主要語言點(diǎn)
    Is that you, John? Yes, speaking. 注意打電話時(shí)的習(xí)慣用語。如果電話接通后,要找某人接電話,一般可以說:May I speak to sb.? 也可以像課文里這樣直接詢問對方是否就是你要找的人:Is that you, sb.? 如果接電話的人正是對方要找的人,則可回答:This is sb. speaking.或者簡單回答:Speaking。原文中的speaking就是簡短回答,其完整形式為:This is John speaking.
    Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening. 1)tell sb. sth.,tell為雙賓動(dòng)詞,可以改為:tell sth. to sb.。但是,當(dāng)直接引語為句子時(shí),只能用tell sb. sth.(從句)的結(jié)構(gòu) 2)be late for,遲到。
    I'm afraid I don't understand. I'm afraid后接賓語從句,省略了連接詞that。這是形容詞后接賓語從句的用法,that一般都會省略。如:I'm sure he will come here on time tomorrow. 需要注意的是,當(dāng)I'm afraid要翻譯成中文時(shí),不要譯為“我恐怕”,而要譯為“恐怕”,這樣比較符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
    Hasn't Mary told you? She invited Charlotte
    and me to dinner this evening.
    1)Hasn't...?,反問句,一般不需要回答。 2)invite sb. to sth.,邀請某人到某場合(如吃飯或聚會)。需要注意的是,如果邀請后面接的是動(dòng)作,則采用:invite sb. to do sth.。可拓展invite的名詞invitation。
    I said I would be at your house at six o'clock,
    but the boss wants me to do some extra work.
    1)I said I would...,可復(fù)習(xí)一下間接引語的用法。 2)be at,到達(dá),相當(dāng)于arrive at。 3)do extra work,加班。
    I'll have to stay at the office.
    I don't know when I'll finish.
    1)will have to,必須。 2)when引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,注意從句的語序要采用陳述句語序。
    Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know
    if Mary needs any help.
    1)by the way,順便說一聲。 2)if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。與其他疑問詞不一樣的是,當(dāng)if或whether用來連接賓語從句時(shí),其直接引語原句是一般疑問句,而不是特殊疑問句。比如,課文里的這句話的直接引語應(yīng)該是:Does Mary need any help? 3)need在此用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,直接后接名詞。可以復(fù)習(xí)一下need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的用法及其區(qū)別。
    I don't know what you're talking about. what引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,在從句中充當(dāng)about的賓語。
    That is John Smith, isn't it? Yes, I'm John Smith. 注意打電話時(shí),指代對方時(shí)多用that is來指代you are。
    You are John Smith, the engineer, aren't you?
    That's right.
    注意the engineer用作John Smith的同位語,而且用逗號隔開,起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是身為工程師的那個(gè)John Smith。
    You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don't you? No, I don't.
    1)work for,在哪兒工作、為誰工作。 2)overseas,海外。注意別漏了s。
    I'm John Smith the telephone engineer
    and I'm repairing your telephone line.
    the telephone engineer用作John Smith的同位語。好用逗號隔開,朗讀時(shí)重讀,以起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。
         【篇三】主語從句的用法
         一、定義
    在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的從句,就叫主語從句。通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前,或由形式主語it代替、而本身放在句子末尾。
    二、連接詞
    根據(jù)主語從句所缺句子成分的情況,主語從句會由不同的連接詞連接,常見的連接詞有:that、if/whether、連接代詞、連接副詞和what。
    三、that引導(dǎo)的主語從句
    (一)
    當(dāng)主語從句本身不缺成分時(shí),就會使用that來連接。此時(shí),that只起連接作用,但不能省略。如:
    That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all. (他要來我們村,讓我們都感到很驚訝。)
    That she used to be a spy is known to all. (大家都知道,她過去是個(gè)間諜。)
    這種情況下,因?yàn)橹髡Z從句往往比謂語部分更長,會導(dǎo)致整個(gè)句子頭重腳輕,所以經(jīng)常會用it作為形式主語來替換主語從句,而把主語從句放到句末。此時(shí),that也只起連接作用,但可以省略。比如,以上兩個(gè)句子就存在這個(gè)問題,所以一般都會改為:
    It surprises us all (that) he will come to our village tomorrow.
    It is known to all (that) she used to be a spy.
    (二)
    如果句子是疑問句,則必須用帶形式主語it的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
    That she is our English teacher is true. (她是我們的英語老師,是真的。)
    That he has been there twice is a fact. (他去過那兒兩次了,是真的。)
    這兩句話如果改為一般疑問句時(shí),不能這么改:
    錯(cuò)誤:Is that she is your English teacher true?
    錯(cuò)誤:Is that he has been there twice a fact?
    而是要改為含有形式主語it的句子:
    Is it true that she is your English teacher?
    Is it a fact that he has been there twice?
    (三)
    在形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)“It is+形容詞/名詞/名詞短語等+that主語從句”中,如果is后面的表語是表示重要或必要等(如important、necessary、a necessity等)含義時(shí),that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般要采用“should+do”的虛擬語氣形式,should經(jīng)常省略。如:
    It is imperative that we (should) make a quick decision. (我們要盡快做出決定。)
    It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. (我們必須學(xué)好英語。)
    四、if/whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句
    當(dāng)主語從句本身含有是否的意思時(shí),連接詞必須用if或whether。但是,如果主語從句位于句首時(shí),只能用whether,不能用if。如:
    Whether it will do good to us remains to be seen. (是否對我們有害還要看一看。)
    這種情況下,因?yàn)橹髡Z從句也比較長,會導(dǎo)致頭重腳輕的情況,所以也經(jīng)常用形式主語it來代替,而把主語從句放到句末去。此時(shí),連接詞除了用whether外,也可以用if。如上面的句子就可以改為:
    It remains to be seen if/whether it will do good to us.
    再比如:
    Whether the band would visit our city was still a mystery. (這個(gè)樂隊(duì)是否會來我們城市仍然是個(gè)謎。)
    上面的句子可以改為:
    It was still a mystery if/whether the band would visity our city.
    五、連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句
    常用來連接主語從句的連接代詞有:who、whom、whose、which、whoever、whomever、whichever等。這些連接代詞在從句中有的作主語,有的作賓語,有的作定語。如:
    作主語:Who won the game hasn't been announced yet. (誰贏得了比賽,還沒宣布。)
    作賓語:Whom you talked to just now will be confirmed later. (你剛才跟誰說話了,之后會證實(shí)的。)
    作定語:Whichever nation explodes an atomic bomb will engage the whole world in war. (無論哪個(gè)國家使用原子彈都會使全世界卷入戰(zhàn)爭。)
    為了避免頭重腳輕,這種情況下的主語從句也經(jīng)常用形式主語it來代替,而把主語從句放到句末。但是,連接代詞始終都不能省略。如上面的兩句話可以改為:
    It hasn't been announced yet who won the game.
    It will be confirmed later whom you talked to just now.
    It will engage the whole world in war whichever nation explodes an atomic bomb.
    六、連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句
    能夠用來連接主語從句的連接副詞主要有:when、where、why、how等。這些連接副詞在主語從句中作狀語。如:
    When they will arrive at the station doesn't matter. (他們何時(shí)到站沒有什么關(guān)系。)
    How the accident happended is still unknown. (這場事故是怎么發(fā)生的,還不清楚。)
    Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery. (他為什么沒有參加會議仍然是個(gè)謎。)
    Where I will spend my summer is none of your business. (我在哪里過暑假不關(guān)你的事。)
    為了避免頭重腳輕,上面的句子可以改為:
    It doesn't matter when they will arrive at the station.
    It is still unknown how the accident happended.
    It remains a mystery why he was absent from the meeting.
    It is none of your business where I will spend my summer.
    七、what引導(dǎo)的主語從句
    與that不同的是,what除了可以引導(dǎo)主語從句起連接作用外,還同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語。如:
    作主語:What really matters is that she needs a shower at once. (真正重要的是,她得馬上沖個(gè)澡。)
    作賓語:What I am worried about is their taking my son to France. (我擔(dān)心的是他們要把我兒子帶到法國去。)
    有的時(shí)候,whatever也可以用來連接主語從句。如:
    Whatever you do makes no difference to me. (你做什么對我來說都沒區(qū)別。)
    需要注意的是,當(dāng)what或whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),一般不能改為由形式主語it來引導(dǎo)的句子。