為了方便同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)，為大家整理了新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)學(xué)習(xí)手冊(cè)，新概念英語(yǔ)作為一套世界聞名的英語(yǔ)教程，以其全新的教學(xué)理念，有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓(xùn)練，深受廣大英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎和喜愛(ài)。希望以下內(nèi)容能夠?yàn)榇蠹业男赂拍钣⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助!
新概念英語(yǔ)4 Lesson 46 Hobbies 業(yè)余愛(ài)好
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
Who, according to the author, are 'Fortune's favoured children'?
a gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.' It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.
The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must by carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.
To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.' Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball or Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has beer working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.
As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human being are divided into two classes: first, one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and modest forms. But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
WINSTON CHURCHLL Painting as a Pastime
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
gifted
adj. 有天才的
psychologist
n. 心理學(xué)家
spasm
n. 一陣(感情)發(fā)作
futile
adj. 無(wú)用的
insinuate
v. 便潛入，暗示
convulsive
adj. 起痙攣的
illumination
n. 啟發(fā)，照明
undue
adj. 不造當(dāng)?shù)?BR> grip
n. 緊張
recuperation
n. 休息
improvise
v. 臨時(shí)作成
sedulously
adv. 孜孜不倦地
vivify
v. 使生氣勃勃
aggravate
v. 加劇
trifling
adj. 微小的
gratify
v. 便滿意
caprice
n. 任性
satiation
n. 滿足
frantically
adv. 狂亂地
avenge
v. 替…報(bào)復(fù)
boredom
n. 厭煩
clatter
n. 喧鬧的談話
sustenance
n. 生計(jì)
appetite
n. 欲望
grudge
v. 怨恨
absorbing
adj. 引人入勝的
banish
v. 排除，放棄
參考譯文
一位天才的美國(guó)心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“煩惱是感情的發(fā)作，此時(shí)腦子糾纏住了某種東西又不肯松手?！痹谶@種情況下，你又和頭腦爭(zhēng)吵讓它松手是無(wú)濟(jì)于事的。這種意志越是強(qiáng)烈，這種嘗試越是徒勞。你只能緩和而巧紗地讓另一種東西進(jìn)入痙攣僵持的頭腦中。如果選得合適，而且的確受到別的領(lǐng)域的情趣的啟迪，那么漸漸地，往往也是很順利地，原先不適當(dāng)?shù)木o張就會(huì)松弛下來(lái)，恢復(fù)和修整的過(guò)程就會(huì)開(kāi)始。
因此，對(duì)一個(gè)從事社會(huì)活動(dòng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，培養(yǎng)一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好和各種新的興趣是關(guān)等重要的作法。但這并非一日之功，也不是單憑一蹴而就的事。精神上多種情趣的培養(yǎng)是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程。要想在需要的時(shí)候可隨手摘取充滿生機(jī)的果實(shí)，那就必然從選良種做起，然后將其植入肥沃的土地，還需要勤勉地護(hù)理。
一個(gè)人要想真正感到幸福和平安，至少應(yīng)有兩三種愛(ài)好，而且都比較實(shí)際。到了晚年才開(kāi)始說(shuō)：“我會(huì)對(duì)這些人或那個(gè)人發(fā)生興趣”，已沒(méi)有用了。這種愿望只能加劇精神緊張。一個(gè)人可能會(huì)獲得與其日常工作無(wú)關(guān)的某些課題的淵博知識(shí)，而沒(méi)有從中得到什么實(shí)益或?qū)捨俊８赡闼矚g的事是沒(méi)有用的，你喜歡你所干的事。泛泛地說(shuō)，人可以分為3類：勞累至死的人、憂慮至死的人、無(wú)聊至死的人。對(duì)于流汗出力干了一周苦活的體力勞動(dòng)者來(lái)說(shuō)，讓他們?cè)谛瞧诹挛缭偬咦闱蚧虼驂厩蚴遣缓线m的;同樣，對(duì)于為嚴(yán)肅的公務(wù)操勞或煩惱了6天的政界人士、專業(yè)人員、商人來(lái)說(shuō)，在周未再讓他們?yōu)楝嵤露鴦?dòng)腦子和憂慮也是無(wú)益的。
至于那些能任意支配一切的“可憐的人”，他們能夠恣意妄為，能染指一切追求的目標(biāo)。對(duì)這種人來(lái)說(shuō)，多一種新的樂(lè)趣、多一種新的刺激只是增加一分厭膩而已。他們到處奔亂跑，企圖以閑聊和亂竄來(lái)擺脫無(wú)聊對(duì)他們的報(bào)復(fù)，但這是徒勞的。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，用某種形式的紀(jì)律約束他們一下才能有希望使他們走上正道。
也可以這樣說(shuō)，理智的，勤勞的、有用的人可以分為兩類：第一類是他分清工作是工作，娛樂(lè)是娛樂(lè)的人;第二類人的工作和娛樂(lè)是一回事。這兩類人當(dāng)中，第一類人是大多數(shù)，他們能夠得到補(bǔ)償。在辦公室或工廠里長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作給他們帶來(lái)了酬勞，這不僅是謀生的手段，而且還帶來(lái)了尋找樂(lè)趣的強(qiáng)烈欲望，那怕是簡(jiǎn)單的、低等的樂(lè)趣。但是，命運(yùn)之神的寵兒是第二類人，他們的生活是一種自然的和諧，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，工作時(shí)間總不會(huì)太長(zhǎng)，每天都是假日，而通常的假期來(lái)到，他們卻惋惜這假期強(qiáng)制打斷了他們埋頭從事的工作。然而對(duì)這兩種人來(lái)說(shuō)，都需要換一換腦子，改變一下氣氛，轉(zhuǎn)移一下注意力，這是不可缺少的。說(shuō)實(shí)在的，把工作當(dāng)作享受的那些人需要每隔一段時(shí)間把工作從頭腦中撇開(kāi)。
新概念英語(yǔ)4 Lesson 47
The great escape
大逃亡
First listen and then answer the following quesion.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What is one of the features of modern camping where nationality is concerned?
Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides-and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon -- an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts. but because he is afford of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maitre d'hotel.
From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hel (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) are there, outside -- or, as likely, part of -- the tent.
Idealists have objected to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
NIGEL BUXTON The Great Escape from The Weekend Telegraph
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
assumption
n. 假定
manoeuvre
v. (驅(qū)車)移動(dòng)
myriad
adj. 無(wú)數(shù)的
paradox
n. 自相矛盾的呈
cynic
n. 憤世嫉俗者
sociologist
n. 社會(huì)學(xué)家
shun
v. 避開(kāi)
affluent
adj. 富有的
chambermaid
n. 女招待員
boo
b. 呸的一聲
maitre d'hotel
n. [法語(yǔ)]總管
snobbery
n. 勢(shì)利
hierarchy
n. 等級(jí)制度
entail
v. 便成為必要
inclement
adj. 險(xiǎn)惡的
package tour
由旅行社安排一切的一攬子誘游
insularity
n. 偏狹
cater
v. 迎合
exclusively
adv. 排他地
cosmopolitan
adj. 世界的
preponderance
n. 優(yōu)勢(shì)
overwhelmingly
adv. 以壓倒優(yōu)勢(shì)地，清一色地
patronage
n. 恩惠，惠顧
sauerkraut
n. 泡菜
vie
v. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
municipality
n. 市政*
itinerant
n. 巡回者
heath
v. 荒地
alienate
v. 便疏遠(yuǎn)
eternal
adj. 永久的
參考譯文
圖省錢是露營(yíng)的一個(gè)主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)，因?yàn)槌碎_(kāi)始時(shí)購(gòu)置或是租借一套露營(yíng)裝備外，總費(fèi)用算起來(lái)要比住旅館開(kāi)支少得多。但是，和一般的看法相反，這決非是僅有的，甚至不是主要的動(dòng)機(jī)。如果一位游客漫不經(jīng)心地駕車駛?cè)霘W洲無(wú)數(shù)常年?duì)I地之一，花20鎊租用一個(gè)空位，那么他可能會(huì)碰見(jiàn)一輛本特利汽車，更可能會(huì)望見(jiàn)一輛福特.康索爾或一輛雷諾或一輛梅塞迪斯并排停放著，不過(guò)雙人自行車則不容易看到。
現(xiàn)代露營(yíng)裝備一年比一年講究，這對(duì)那些厭世嫉俗者來(lái)說(shuō)是一件有趣的自相矛盾的事情。而對(duì)于發(fā)誓用露營(yíng)來(lái)擺脫煩惱的人來(lái)說(shuō)，卻帶來(lái)了更光明的前景。學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)的大學(xué)生來(lái)露營(yíng)是另一種形式的擺脫現(xiàn)實(shí)，他們的目的很可能是根據(jù)觀察到的露營(yíng)現(xiàn)象去寫論文?，F(xiàn)代露營(yíng)旅游的人往往討厭在“斯普蘭迪德”和“貝拉維斯塔”這樣的大酒店，這并不是因?yàn)樗麄兏恫黄疱X，也不是為了躲避物質(zhì)享受，而是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε戮频辍Ｋ麄兛赡芎芨挥?，但給看門人和房間女服務(wù)叫多少小費(fèi)，心中卻根本沒(méi)有數(shù);他們?cè)诩铱赡苁侵魅?，但不知道什么時(shí)候才能對(duì)酒店的經(jīng)理表示不滿。
露營(yíng)便人們免除了這些憂慮。誠(chéng)然，露營(yíng)地本身也存在以露營(yíng)裝備和方式取人的勢(shì)利現(xiàn)象，但如果有這種情況，露營(yíng)者也容易理解，知道如何對(duì)付，但在露營(yíng)地里根本不會(huì)有管人的“人上人”和酒店里的等級(jí)制度來(lái)種露營(yíng)者的假日過(guò)得陰郁低沉。
除上以動(dòng)機(jī)外，還應(yīng)加上一個(gè)。當(dāng)前崇拜汽車現(xiàn)象可以用與所有權(quán)相伴的獨(dú)立和自由意識(shí)來(lái)解釋。因此開(kāi)車去露營(yíng)會(huì)給這種快樂(lè)意識(shí)增加一種優(yōu)雅意境。
從自己的家門出發(fā)到國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)外的山區(qū)或沙灘上露營(yíng)然后返回，一切都很便利。完全在自己掌握之中的私人汽車不僅是到達(dá)假日天堂的工具，而且也是逃離假日地獄(如海灘太擠，當(dāng)?shù)靥鞖鈵毫?方便工具，因?yàn)槠嚲屯Ｔ趲づ裢饷妫蛘咂嚤旧砜赡芫褪锹稜I(yíng)帳篷的一個(gè)組成部分。
理想主義者像反對(duì)旅行社安排一切的一攬子旅游一樣反對(duì)露營(yíng)的作法，說(shuō)這種封閉的作法使到國(guó)外旅游者失去了了解所去國(guó)家人民的機(jī)會(huì)。他們爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)，心胸狹窄和自我封閉是并存的。但這種說(shuō)法在受人歡迎的歐洲露營(yíng)地是站不住腳的。假日旅館有只接待來(lái)自一個(gè)國(guó)家的旅游者的傾向，有時(shí)會(huì)達(dá)到排他的程度。而露營(yíng)駐地則相反，是高度世界性的。在大多數(shù)地中海露營(yíng)地里，德國(guó)人占優(yōu)勢(shì)似乎是個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象，確實(shí)如此，但并沒(méi)有特別的優(yōu)待。禁止露天曬衣服、禁止用水龍頭沖洗汽車的布告和邀請(qǐng)露營(yíng)朋友參加舞會(huì)、乘船觀光的招貼不僅印志法語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)，而且也印成英語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)、荷蘭語(yǔ)。用飯的時(shí)候，德國(guó)泡菜味和大蒜味爭(zhēng)相散發(fā)，法國(guó)人的早點(diǎn)咖啡和英國(guó)人的咸肉煎蛋競(jìng)相比美。
有組織的露營(yíng)活動(dòng)的明顯發(fā)展是否意味著較獨(dú)立的自我封閉式露營(yíng)的終消失，還很難說(shuō)。市政*當(dāng)然希望獲得露營(yíng)者的場(chǎng)地費(fèi)和其他光臨的好處，警察則對(duì)那些查不出有固定營(yíng)地或住處的游蕩者保持警惕。但重要的或許是露營(yíng)者自己，即他們引起了多少場(chǎng)野火，留下了多少垃圾?？傊麄兪欠衽猛恋氐闹魅撕袜l(xiāng)間的居民同他們反目。只有優(yōu)良的童子軍活動(dòng)才能保持不朽的童子軍所衷心熱愛(ài)的各項(xiàng)自由。
新概念英語(yǔ)4 Lesson 48
Planning a share portfolio
規(guī)劃股份投資
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
How does the older investor differ in his approach to investment from the younger investor?
There is no shortage of tipsters around offering 'get-rich-quick' opportunities. But if you are a serious private investor, leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter. The serious investor needs a proper 'portfolio' -- a well-planned selection of investments, with a definite structure and a clear aim. But exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?
Well, if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money, you're likely to get five different answers, -- even if you give all the relevant information about your age age, family, finances and what you want from your investments. Moral? There is no one 'right' way to structure a portfolio. However, there are undoubtedly some wrong ways, and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all (or perhaps any) of your money into Periwigs*.
So what should you do? We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics -- like mortgages, pensions, insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves. You should then establish your own individual aims. These are partly a matter of personal circumstances, partly a matter of psychology.
For instance, if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses, and you may well wish to boost your pension income. So preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main priorities. In this case, you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones), along with gilts, cash deposits, and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts.
If you are younger, and in a solid financial position, you may decide to take an aggressive approach -- but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share prices. If portfolio, alongside your more pedestrian in vestments. Once you have decided on your investment aims, you can then decide where to put your money. The golden rule here is spread your risk -- if you put all of your money into Periwigs International, you're setting yourself up as a hostage to fortune.
*'Periwigs' is the name of a fictitious company.
INVESTOR'S CHRONICLE, March 23 1990
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
portfolio
n. 投資組合
tipster
n. (以提供證券投機(jī)等內(nèi)部消息為主的)情報(bào)販子
Las Vegas
n. 拉斯韋加斯
fritter
v. 揮霍，浪費(fèi)
reputable
n. 享有聲望的
broker
n. 經(jīng)紀(jì)人
finance
n. 資金，財(cái)源
mortgage
n. 抵押貸款
pension
n. 養(yǎng)老金
priority
n. 優(yōu)先權(quán)
gilt
n. 金邊證券(高度可靠的證券)
convertible
n. 可換證券
sanguine
adj. 樂(lè)觀的
heady
adj. 令人陶醉的
alongside
prep. 在……旁邊，和……一起
pedestrian
adj. 平淡無(wú)奇的，乏味的
參考譯文
我們周圍不乏情報(bào)販子，向人們提供迅速發(fā)財(cái)致富的機(jī)遇。但是，如果你是一個(gè)認(rèn)真的私人投資者，就把拉斯韋加斯的心態(tài)留給那些有錢可供揮霍的人。認(rèn)真的投資者需要一份正規(guī)的投資組合表 -- 一種計(jì)劃很周密的投資選擇，包括你的投資結(jié)構(gòu)和明確的目標(biāo)。但是, 一個(gè)股票市場(chǎng)的新手又如何能做到這一點(diǎn)呢?
如果你去向5位有威望的股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人咨詢，詢問(wèn)你應(yīng)該如何使用你的資金，你可能得到5種不同的答復(fù)，即便你提供了有關(guān)于你的年齡、家庭、財(cái)源和你想從投資中獲得好處的信息。這是個(gè)道德問(wèn)題嗎?沒(méi)有一種完全“正確”的方法來(lái)排列這種投資組合，然而，卻毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地有幾種錯(cuò)誤的方法。可以相信5位經(jīng)紀(jì)人中不會(huì)有人建議你把全部(或一部份)資金投入佩里威格斯公司。
那么你該怎么做呢?我們假定你已把基本情況弄清楚了，如抵押貸款、養(yǎng)老金、保險(xiǎn)金和動(dòng)用現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)備的機(jī)會(huì)。然后，你一定要建立起自己的目標(biāo)。這里一方面是個(gè)所處的環(huán)境，另一方面是個(gè)心理學(xué)的問(wèn)題。
比如說(shuō)，如果你年紀(jì)較大，你從重大投資損失中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)的時(shí)間就較少，你就很希望能夠提高你的養(yǎng)老金收入。因此，你的首要任務(wù)就是保護(hù)你的資金和引發(fā)額外的收入。在這種情況下，你大概想制定一份包括某些股份(但不是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大的股份)的投資組合，同時(shí)還有高度可靠的證券、現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)蓄，可能還有可換證券，或分割資本投資信托公司的所得股。
如果你年輕一些，并且經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況可靠，你可能會(huì)采取一種積極進(jìn)取的方式 -- 你必須性格開(kāi)朗，不會(huì)因股票價(jià)格的浮動(dòng)而夜不能眠。如果你覺(jué)得你的情況是這樣的話，你可在投資組合中包括幾項(xiàng)有令人陶醉的增值前景的增長(zhǎng)股，和其他比較平淡的投資項(xiàng)目放在一起。一旦你的投資組合中包括幾項(xiàng)有令人陶醉的增值前景的增長(zhǎng)股，和其他比較平淡的投資項(xiàng)目放在一起。一旦你的投資目標(biāo)確立以后，你就可以決定你的錢投向何處。這里的指導(dǎo)原則是：分散你的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果你把所有資金投入佩里威格斯國(guó)際公司，你就把自己當(dāng)成了命運(yùn)的人質(zhì)。
新概念英語(yǔ)4 Lesson 46 Hobbies 業(yè)余愛(ài)好
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
Who, according to the author, are 'Fortune's favoured children'?
a gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.' It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.
The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must by carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.
To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.' Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball or Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has beer working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.
As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human being are divided into two classes: first, one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and modest forms. But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
WINSTON CHURCHLL Painting as a Pastime
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
gifted
adj. 有天才的
psychologist
n. 心理學(xué)家
spasm
n. 一陣(感情)發(fā)作
futile
adj. 無(wú)用的
insinuate
v. 便潛入，暗示
convulsive
adj. 起痙攣的
illumination
n. 啟發(fā)，照明
undue
adj. 不造當(dāng)?shù)?BR> grip
n. 緊張
recuperation
n. 休息
improvise
v. 臨時(shí)作成
sedulously
adv. 孜孜不倦地
vivify
v. 使生氣勃勃
aggravate
v. 加劇
trifling
adj. 微小的
gratify
v. 便滿意
caprice
n. 任性
satiation
n. 滿足
frantically
adv. 狂亂地
avenge
v. 替…報(bào)復(fù)
boredom
n. 厭煩
clatter
n. 喧鬧的談話
sustenance
n. 生計(jì)
appetite
n. 欲望
grudge
v. 怨恨
absorbing
adj. 引人入勝的
banish
v. 排除，放棄
參考譯文
一位天才的美國(guó)心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“煩惱是感情的發(fā)作，此時(shí)腦子糾纏住了某種東西又不肯松手?！痹谶@種情況下，你又和頭腦爭(zhēng)吵讓它松手是無(wú)濟(jì)于事的。這種意志越是強(qiáng)烈，這種嘗試越是徒勞。你只能緩和而巧紗地讓另一種東西進(jìn)入痙攣僵持的頭腦中。如果選得合適，而且的確受到別的領(lǐng)域的情趣的啟迪，那么漸漸地，往往也是很順利地，原先不適當(dāng)?shù)木o張就會(huì)松弛下來(lái)，恢復(fù)和修整的過(guò)程就會(huì)開(kāi)始。
因此，對(duì)一個(gè)從事社會(huì)活動(dòng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，培養(yǎng)一種業(yè)余愛(ài)好和各種新的興趣是關(guān)等重要的作法。但這并非一日之功，也不是單憑一蹴而就的事。精神上多種情趣的培養(yǎng)是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程。要想在需要的時(shí)候可隨手摘取充滿生機(jī)的果實(shí)，那就必然從選良種做起，然后將其植入肥沃的土地，還需要勤勉地護(hù)理。
一個(gè)人要想真正感到幸福和平安，至少應(yīng)有兩三種愛(ài)好，而且都比較實(shí)際。到了晚年才開(kāi)始說(shuō)：“我會(huì)對(duì)這些人或那個(gè)人發(fā)生興趣”，已沒(méi)有用了。這種愿望只能加劇精神緊張。一個(gè)人可能會(huì)獲得與其日常工作無(wú)關(guān)的某些課題的淵博知識(shí)，而沒(méi)有從中得到什么實(shí)益或?qū)捨俊８赡闼矚g的事是沒(méi)有用的，你喜歡你所干的事。泛泛地說(shuō)，人可以分為3類：勞累至死的人、憂慮至死的人、無(wú)聊至死的人。對(duì)于流汗出力干了一周苦活的體力勞動(dòng)者來(lái)說(shuō)，讓他們?cè)谛瞧诹挛缭偬咦闱蚧虼驂厩蚴遣缓线m的;同樣，對(duì)于為嚴(yán)肅的公務(wù)操勞或煩惱了6天的政界人士、專業(yè)人員、商人來(lái)說(shuō)，在周未再讓他們?yōu)楝嵤露鴦?dòng)腦子和憂慮也是無(wú)益的。
至于那些能任意支配一切的“可憐的人”，他們能夠恣意妄為，能染指一切追求的目標(biāo)。對(duì)這種人來(lái)說(shuō)，多一種新的樂(lè)趣、多一種新的刺激只是增加一分厭膩而已。他們到處奔亂跑，企圖以閑聊和亂竄來(lái)擺脫無(wú)聊對(duì)他們的報(bào)復(fù)，但這是徒勞的。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，用某種形式的紀(jì)律約束他們一下才能有希望使他們走上正道。
也可以這樣說(shuō)，理智的，勤勞的、有用的人可以分為兩類：第一類是他分清工作是工作，娛樂(lè)是娛樂(lè)的人;第二類人的工作和娛樂(lè)是一回事。這兩類人當(dāng)中，第一類人是大多數(shù)，他們能夠得到補(bǔ)償。在辦公室或工廠里長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作給他們帶來(lái)了酬勞，這不僅是謀生的手段，而且還帶來(lái)了尋找樂(lè)趣的強(qiáng)烈欲望，那怕是簡(jiǎn)單的、低等的樂(lè)趣。但是，命運(yùn)之神的寵兒是第二類人，他們的生活是一種自然的和諧，對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，工作時(shí)間總不會(huì)太長(zhǎng)，每天都是假日，而通常的假期來(lái)到，他們卻惋惜這假期強(qiáng)制打斷了他們埋頭從事的工作。然而對(duì)這兩種人來(lái)說(shuō)，都需要換一換腦子，改變一下氣氛，轉(zhuǎn)移一下注意力，這是不可缺少的。說(shuō)實(shí)在的，把工作當(dāng)作享受的那些人需要每隔一段時(shí)間把工作從頭腦中撇開(kāi)。
新概念英語(yǔ)4 Lesson 47
The great escape
大逃亡
First listen and then answer the following quesion.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What is one of the features of modern camping where nationality is concerned?
Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides-and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon -- an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts. but because he is afford of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maitre d'hotel.
From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior 'they' in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hel (if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement) are there, outside -- or, as likely, part of -- the tent.
Idealists have objected to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting 'our camping friends' to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
NIGEL BUXTON The Great Escape from The Weekend Telegraph
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
assumption
n. 假定
manoeuvre
v. (驅(qū)車)移動(dòng)
myriad
adj. 無(wú)數(shù)的
paradox
n. 自相矛盾的呈
cynic
n. 憤世嫉俗者
sociologist
n. 社會(huì)學(xué)家
shun
v. 避開(kāi)
affluent
adj. 富有的
chambermaid
n. 女招待員
boo
b. 呸的一聲
maitre d'hotel
n. [法語(yǔ)]總管
snobbery
n. 勢(shì)利
hierarchy
n. 等級(jí)制度
entail
v. 便成為必要
inclement
adj. 險(xiǎn)惡的
package tour
由旅行社安排一切的一攬子誘游
insularity
n. 偏狹
cater
v. 迎合
exclusively
adv. 排他地
cosmopolitan
adj. 世界的
preponderance
n. 優(yōu)勢(shì)
overwhelmingly
adv. 以壓倒優(yōu)勢(shì)地，清一色地
patronage
n. 恩惠，惠顧
sauerkraut
n. 泡菜
vie
v. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
municipality
n. 市政*
itinerant
n. 巡回者
heath
v. 荒地
alienate
v. 便疏遠(yuǎn)
eternal
adj. 永久的
參考譯文
圖省錢是露營(yíng)的一個(gè)主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)，因?yàn)槌碎_(kāi)始時(shí)購(gòu)置或是租借一套露營(yíng)裝備外，總費(fèi)用算起來(lái)要比住旅館開(kāi)支少得多。但是，和一般的看法相反，這決非是僅有的，甚至不是主要的動(dòng)機(jī)。如果一位游客漫不經(jīng)心地駕車駛?cè)霘W洲無(wú)數(shù)常年?duì)I地之一，花20鎊租用一個(gè)空位，那么他可能會(huì)碰見(jiàn)一輛本特利汽車，更可能會(huì)望見(jiàn)一輛福特.康索爾或一輛雷諾或一輛梅塞迪斯并排停放著，不過(guò)雙人自行車則不容易看到。
現(xiàn)代露營(yíng)裝備一年比一年講究，這對(duì)那些厭世嫉俗者來(lái)說(shuō)是一件有趣的自相矛盾的事情。而對(duì)于發(fā)誓用露營(yíng)來(lái)擺脫煩惱的人來(lái)說(shuō)，卻帶來(lái)了更光明的前景。學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)的大學(xué)生來(lái)露營(yíng)是另一種形式的擺脫現(xiàn)實(shí)，他們的目的很可能是根據(jù)觀察到的露營(yíng)現(xiàn)象去寫論文?，F(xiàn)代露營(yíng)旅游的人往往討厭在“斯普蘭迪德”和“貝拉維斯塔”這樣的大酒店，這并不是因?yàn)樗麄兏恫黄疱X，也不是為了躲避物質(zhì)享受，而是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε戮频辍Ｋ麄兛赡芎芨挥?，但給看門人和房間女服務(wù)叫多少小費(fèi)，心中卻根本沒(méi)有數(shù);他們?cè)诩铱赡苁侵魅?，但不知道什么時(shí)候才能對(duì)酒店的經(jīng)理表示不滿。
露營(yíng)便人們免除了這些憂慮。誠(chéng)然，露營(yíng)地本身也存在以露營(yíng)裝備和方式取人的勢(shì)利現(xiàn)象，但如果有這種情況，露營(yíng)者也容易理解，知道如何對(duì)付，但在露營(yíng)地里根本不會(huì)有管人的“人上人”和酒店里的等級(jí)制度來(lái)種露營(yíng)者的假日過(guò)得陰郁低沉。
除上以動(dòng)機(jī)外，還應(yīng)加上一個(gè)。當(dāng)前崇拜汽車現(xiàn)象可以用與所有權(quán)相伴的獨(dú)立和自由意識(shí)來(lái)解釋。因此開(kāi)車去露營(yíng)會(huì)給這種快樂(lè)意識(shí)增加一種優(yōu)雅意境。
從自己的家門出發(fā)到國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)外的山區(qū)或沙灘上露營(yíng)然后返回，一切都很便利。完全在自己掌握之中的私人汽車不僅是到達(dá)假日天堂的工具，而且也是逃離假日地獄(如海灘太擠，當(dāng)?shù)靥鞖鈵毫?方便工具，因?yàn)槠嚲屯Ｔ趲づ裢饷妫蛘咂嚤旧砜赡芫褪锹稜I(yíng)帳篷的一個(gè)組成部分。
理想主義者像反對(duì)旅行社安排一切的一攬子旅游一樣反對(duì)露營(yíng)的作法，說(shuō)這種封閉的作法使到國(guó)外旅游者失去了了解所去國(guó)家人民的機(jī)會(huì)。他們爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)，心胸狹窄和自我封閉是并存的。但這種說(shuō)法在受人歡迎的歐洲露營(yíng)地是站不住腳的。假日旅館有只接待來(lái)自一個(gè)國(guó)家的旅游者的傾向，有時(shí)會(huì)達(dá)到排他的程度。而露營(yíng)駐地則相反，是高度世界性的。在大多數(shù)地中海露營(yíng)地里，德國(guó)人占優(yōu)勢(shì)似乎是個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象，確實(shí)如此，但并沒(méi)有特別的優(yōu)待。禁止露天曬衣服、禁止用水龍頭沖洗汽車的布告和邀請(qǐng)露營(yíng)朋友參加舞會(huì)、乘船觀光的招貼不僅印志法語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)，而且也印成英語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)、荷蘭語(yǔ)。用飯的時(shí)候，德國(guó)泡菜味和大蒜味爭(zhēng)相散發(fā)，法國(guó)人的早點(diǎn)咖啡和英國(guó)人的咸肉煎蛋競(jìng)相比美。
有組織的露營(yíng)活動(dòng)的明顯發(fā)展是否意味著較獨(dú)立的自我封閉式露營(yíng)的終消失，還很難說(shuō)。市政*當(dāng)然希望獲得露營(yíng)者的場(chǎng)地費(fèi)和其他光臨的好處，警察則對(duì)那些查不出有固定營(yíng)地或住處的游蕩者保持警惕。但重要的或許是露營(yíng)者自己，即他們引起了多少場(chǎng)野火，留下了多少垃圾?？傊麄兪欠衽猛恋氐闹魅撕袜l(xiāng)間的居民同他們反目。只有優(yōu)良的童子軍活動(dòng)才能保持不朽的童子軍所衷心熱愛(ài)的各項(xiàng)自由。
新概念英語(yǔ)4 Lesson 48
Planning a share portfolio
規(guī)劃股份投資
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
How does the older investor differ in his approach to investment from the younger investor?
There is no shortage of tipsters around offering 'get-rich-quick' opportunities. But if you are a serious private investor, leave the Las Vegas mentality to those with money to fritter. The serious investor needs a proper 'portfolio' -- a well-planned selection of investments, with a definite structure and a clear aim. But exactly how does a newcomer to the stock market go about achieving that?
Well, if you go to five reputable stock brokers and ask them what you should do with your money, you're likely to get five different answers, -- even if you give all the relevant information about your age age, family, finances and what you want from your investments. Moral? There is no one 'right' way to structure a portfolio. However, there are undoubtedly some wrong ways, and you can be sure that none of our five advisers would have suggested sinking all (or perhaps any) of your money into Periwigs*.
So what should you do? We'll assume that you have sorted out the basics -- like mortgages, pensions, insurance and access to sufficient cash reserves. You should then establish your own individual aims. These are partly a matter of personal circumstances, partly a matter of psychology.
For instance, if you are older you have less time to recover from any major losses, and you may well wish to boost your pension income. So preserving your capital and generating extra income are your main priorities. In this case, you'd probably construct a portfolio with some shares (but not high risk ones), along with gilts, cash deposits, and perhaps convertibles or the income shares of split capital investment trusts.
If you are younger, and in a solid financial position, you may decide to take an aggressive approach -- but only if you're blessed with a sanguine disposition and won't suffer sleepless nights over share prices. If portfolio, alongside your more pedestrian in vestments. Once you have decided on your investment aims, you can then decide where to put your money. The golden rule here is spread your risk -- if you put all of your money into Periwigs International, you're setting yourself up as a hostage to fortune.
*'Periwigs' is the name of a fictitious company.
INVESTOR'S CHRONICLE, March 23 1990
New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)
portfolio
n. 投資組合
tipster
n. (以提供證券投機(jī)等內(nèi)部消息為主的)情報(bào)販子
Las Vegas
n. 拉斯韋加斯
fritter
v. 揮霍，浪費(fèi)
reputable
n. 享有聲望的
broker
n. 經(jīng)紀(jì)人
finance
n. 資金，財(cái)源
mortgage
n. 抵押貸款
pension
n. 養(yǎng)老金
priority
n. 優(yōu)先權(quán)
gilt
n. 金邊證券(高度可靠的證券)
convertible
n. 可換證券
sanguine
adj. 樂(lè)觀的
heady
adj. 令人陶醉的
alongside
prep. 在……旁邊，和……一起
pedestrian
adj. 平淡無(wú)奇的，乏味的
參考譯文
我們周圍不乏情報(bào)販子，向人們提供迅速發(fā)財(cái)致富的機(jī)遇。但是，如果你是一個(gè)認(rèn)真的私人投資者，就把拉斯韋加斯的心態(tài)留給那些有錢可供揮霍的人。認(rèn)真的投資者需要一份正規(guī)的投資組合表 -- 一種計(jì)劃很周密的投資選擇，包括你的投資結(jié)構(gòu)和明確的目標(biāo)。但是, 一個(gè)股票市場(chǎng)的新手又如何能做到這一點(diǎn)呢?
如果你去向5位有威望的股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人咨詢，詢問(wèn)你應(yīng)該如何使用你的資金，你可能得到5種不同的答復(fù)，即便你提供了有關(guān)于你的年齡、家庭、財(cái)源和你想從投資中獲得好處的信息。這是個(gè)道德問(wèn)題嗎?沒(méi)有一種完全“正確”的方法來(lái)排列這種投資組合，然而，卻毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地有幾種錯(cuò)誤的方法。可以相信5位經(jīng)紀(jì)人中不會(huì)有人建議你把全部(或一部份)資金投入佩里威格斯公司。
那么你該怎么做呢?我們假定你已把基本情況弄清楚了，如抵押貸款、養(yǎng)老金、保險(xiǎn)金和動(dòng)用現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)備的機(jī)會(huì)。然后，你一定要建立起自己的目標(biāo)。這里一方面是個(gè)所處的環(huán)境，另一方面是個(gè)心理學(xué)的問(wèn)題。
比如說(shuō)，如果你年紀(jì)較大，你從重大投資損失中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)的時(shí)間就較少，你就很希望能夠提高你的養(yǎng)老金收入。因此，你的首要任務(wù)就是保護(hù)你的資金和引發(fā)額外的收入。在這種情況下，你大概想制定一份包括某些股份(但不是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大的股份)的投資組合，同時(shí)還有高度可靠的證券、現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)蓄，可能還有可換證券，或分割資本投資信托公司的所得股。
如果你年輕一些，并且經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況可靠，你可能會(huì)采取一種積極進(jìn)取的方式 -- 你必須性格開(kāi)朗，不會(huì)因股票價(jià)格的浮動(dòng)而夜不能眠。如果你覺(jué)得你的情況是這樣的話，你可在投資組合中包括幾項(xiàng)有令人陶醉的增值前景的增長(zhǎng)股，和其他比較平淡的投資項(xiàng)目放在一起。一旦你的投資組合中包括幾項(xiàng)有令人陶醉的增值前景的增長(zhǎng)股，和其他比較平淡的投資項(xiàng)目放在一起。一旦你的投資目標(biāo)確立以后，你就可以決定你的錢投向何處。這里的指導(dǎo)原則是：分散你的投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果你把所有資金投入佩里威格斯國(guó)際公司，你就把自己當(dāng)成了命運(yùn)的人質(zhì)。