英語學(xué)習(xí):定語從句詳解

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    判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
    方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如:
    This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
    I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
    判斷改錯(注:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。)
    (錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
    (錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
    (對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
    (對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
    習(xí)慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
    方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。
    例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
    A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one
    例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
    A. where  B. that  C. on which  D. the one
    答案:例1 D,例2 A
    例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
    例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
    在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選D.
    而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A.
    關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語) .