英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力在四六級(jí)考試的重要性不言而喻，為了幫同學(xué)們更好的提高聽(tīng)力水平，幫助大家備考，四六級(jí)頻道為大家整理了《2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力美文:Leisure and Boredom》一文，希望對(duì)大家備考有所幫助，并預(yù)祝同學(xué)們高分通過(guò)考試。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力美文:Leisure and Boredom
Technology and the division of labour have done two things: by eliminating in many fields theneed for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupationswhich formerly were enjoyable work into boring labour, and by increasing productivity theyhave reduced the number of necessary labouring of the population, that is to say, itslabourers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy.
It seems interesting and relaxing good news at the first sight, but when one recalls howaristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful.
The past aristocracies invented a lot of activities to make fun out of boredom, however, theproblem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass societythan it was for aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season toshoot grouse, a season to spend in town, a season to hold a lot of parties, etc.
The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which it will be in theeconomic interest of certain people to change as often as possible.
Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left tohunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be onlytoo easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into theirwork, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase “getting one’s teethinto a problem”.