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【篇一】新概念英語語法第一冊:被動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
英語動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)之分。在主動(dòng)句中，動(dòng)詞的主語是執(zhí)行動(dòng)作的人或物。在被動(dòng)句中，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。
在英語中被動(dòng)詞態(tài)用得很普遍，這樣做可以避免用不明確的詞作主語，或是將說話的重點(diǎn)放在事件而不是造成該事件的人或物上。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成： be +過去分詞。
過去分詞不一定指過去。請(qǐng)看例句：
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式： am/are/is +過去分詞：
The room is aired regularly.
這個(gè)房間定期通風(fēng)。
The knives are sharpened regularly.
刀定期磨。
(2)一般過去時(shí)形式： was/were +過去分詞：
She was dressed in red.
她身穿紅色衣服。
The windows were opened this morning.
窗戶今早是開著的/被打開了。
(3)英語中表達(dá)感情的動(dòng)詞通常可用于被動(dòng)式，這些動(dòng)詞如
amuse, embarrass, worry, surprise, interest, upset等：
She is embarrassed.
她感到尷尬。
They were worried.
他們感到擔(dān)憂。
【篇二】新概念英語第一冊語法:主動(dòng)語態(tài)
主動(dòng)語態(tài)是表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的使動(dòng)方的語態(tài)。在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，謂語的動(dòng)作源自主語，而施加于賓語。相反，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是謂語動(dòng)作的受動(dòng)方。
舉例：
主動(dòng)語態(tài)：The snowslide killed him. 雪崩害死了他。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)：He was killed by the snowslide. 他死于雪崩。
含被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)語態(tài)
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。
This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。
2)blame, lent(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident. 我對(duì)這起事故負(fù)責(zé)。
Much work remains. 還有大量工作要做。
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門需要修了。
This room needs cleaning. 這房間應(yīng)該打掃一下。
This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。
4) 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
【篇三】新概念語法:主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)
一、主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)概說
英語的語態(tài)分主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成：
Everybody likes him. 大家都喜歡他。 (主動(dòng)語態(tài))
He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜歡。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
二、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法
1. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本方法
將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，將主動(dòng)謂語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)謂語(be+過去分詞)，將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)閎y短語(在被動(dòng)句中用作狀語)：
He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.
【注意】若不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的by短語通?？梢允÷裕?BR> He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。
What is this flower called? 這種花叫什么花?
2. 雙賓動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)
雙賓動(dòng)詞即指帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞，它們在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，通常是把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而把直接賓語(指事物)保留下來(稱為保留賓語)：
He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.
有的動(dòng)詞則通常把直接賓語(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而把間接賓語改為介詞to 或for引起的狀語(到底用to還是for，與所搭配的動(dòng)詞有關(guān))：
He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (與動(dòng)詞write搭配用介詞to)
She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (與動(dòng)詞make搭配用介詞for)
有時(shí)以上兩種方式均可用：
He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。
→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.
He bought her a watch. 他給她買了一塊表。
→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.
3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)由被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“be+過去分詞”中的動(dòng)詞be來體現(xiàn)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法如下：
(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am [is, are]+過去分詞
English is taught in our school. 我們學(xué)校學(xué)英語。
We are taken good care of at school. 我們在學(xué)校受到很好的照顧。
(2) 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was [were]+過去分詞
He was taken to the police station. 他被帶到了警察局。
The house was built ten years ago. 這座房子是10年前建的。
(3) 一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：will be+過去分詞
A new building will be built here soon. 不久這里將建一棟新樓。
The meeting will be held at two this afternoon. 會(huì)議將于今天下午2點(diǎn)舉行。
(4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：have [has]been+過去分詞
All the work has been done now. 所有的工作現(xiàn)在都做好了。
Have the letters been posted? 信都寄了嗎?
(5) 過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：had been+過去分詞
He said the work had been finished. 他說工作已完成了。
(6) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：am [is, are] being+過去分詞
My watch is being repaired by him. 我的表正在由他修理。
The plan is now being discussed. 計(jì)劃現(xiàn)在正在討論。
(7) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was [were] being+過去分詞
He said that the man was being operated on. 他說那個(gè)人正在動(dòng)手術(shù)。
He told me that a new station was being built. 他說正在修建一個(gè)新車站。
(8) 過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：would be+過去分詞
He said that the meeting would be held next week. 他說會(huì)議將于下周舉于。
4. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式
若主動(dòng)語態(tài)中謂語含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，在相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)中通常應(yīng)保留該情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞”：
Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.
請(qǐng)看以下帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)句實(shí)例：
This can’t be done in a short time. 這不是短期內(nèi)可以完成的。
Can this be done by machine? 這可以由機(jī)器來做嗎?
The work must be done at once. 這工作必須馬上做了。