外研版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)

字號(hào):

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,由“助動(dòng)詞have/has +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。翻譯成漢語時(shí)通常會(huì)用到“已經(jīng)”等字樣。
    We have learned five English songs this term.
    這學(xué)期我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了五首英文歌曲。
    I have seen this movie.
    我已經(jīng)看過這部電影。
    注意have /has been to; have /has/ gone to ;have / has been in 的區(qū)別。
    I have been toBeijing three times.
    我去過北京三次。(曾經(jīng)去過某地現(xiàn)在已回來)
    -Where is Linda? I haven’t seen her for two days.
    -She has gone to London for holiday. She will be back next week.
    -琳達(dá)哪兒去了?我兩天沒看見她了。
    -她到倫敦度假去了。下周回來。(某人到某地去了,現(xiàn)在不在這里)
    We havebeen inthis city for 10 years.
    我們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市里生活了10年了。(表示狀態(tài))
    辨析:have been in, have gone to 與have been to
    been是系動(dòng)詞be的過去分詞形式。be有多種形式:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)形式是am, is, are,過去式是was, were, 現(xiàn)在分詞形式是being。
    have been in… 在……多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了
    I have been in the cinema for three hours.
    我在電*里待了3個(gè)小時(shí)。
    三者都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),“have been to+地點(diǎn)”表示去過某處,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來,不在那里了;而“have gone to+地點(diǎn)”則表示到某處去了,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來,可能在去的途中,也可能在那里或返回的途中;“have been in+地點(diǎn)”表示某人在某處待了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。試比較:
    He has been to Beijing. 他去過北京。(現(xiàn)在不在北京)
    He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。(現(xiàn)在在北京或在途中)
    He has been in Beijing for two years. 他在北京兩年了。
    八、Would you mind…? 你介意做……嗎?
    這是英語中委婉請(qǐng)求的表達(dá)方式,語氣委婉、客氣、禮貌,易于對(duì)方接受。
    其結(jié)構(gòu)是would you mind+動(dòng)名詞+其他?
    注意針對(duì)該句型的回答,英漢有別。如果表示“不介意”,常說“No, not at all/please do/go ahead/certainly not”;表示“介意”,則用“I’m sorry, but I do/I’d rather you didn’t/you’d better not”等。如:
    —Would you mind my asking you a few questions? 請(qǐng)教您幾個(gè)問題好嗎?
    —No, please do. 不介意,請(qǐng)講。
    又如:
    —Would you mind if I took this seat? 我可以坐這個(gè)座位嗎?
    —Sorry, but it’s been taken. 對(duì)不起,這個(gè)位置有人坐。
    在3a中小結(jié)了幾種請(qǐng)求幫助的句子結(jié)構(gòu),請(qǐng)注意。
    肯定結(jié)構(gòu):
    Would you mind+doing…?
    Could you please+do…?
    Would you please+do?
    Please+do…
    否定結(jié)構(gòu):
    Would you mind not doing…?
    Could you please not do…?
    Would you please not do…?
    Please don’t do…