科學(xué)美國(guó)人60秒中英文翻譯：監(jiān)督與節(jié)能
科學(xué)美國(guó)人60秒英文文本
Using less energy saves money and lowers greenhouse gas emissions.
And various studies have looked at ways to get households to use less energy.
Now there's evidence that people in such a study use less energy…because they're in a study.
The general phenomenon is called the Hawthorne effect:
study subjects change their behavior because they're being observed.
So researchers collaborated with a utility to test for the Hawthorne effect in electricity use.
They monitored almost 5,600 randomly selected households.
Half received a postcard saying that their energy use would be monitored for a month for research purposes.
They also got four follow-up reminder postcards over the month.
They received no other information, instructions or incentives.
The control group monitored for the study got no notifications.
That group continued using the same amount of electricity.
But the families being tracked reduced energy use 2.7 percent.
And when the study period ended, their energy use shot back up.
The report is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Clearly, mindful consumers can find ways to easily lower their energy consumption.
Perhaps policy makers can find a way to use the Hawthorne effect to everyone's advantage.
科學(xué)美國(guó)人60秒中文翻譯：
使用節(jié)約能源不僅可以省錢(qián)還可以減少溫室氣體排放。
現(xiàn)在各方已經(jīng)將研究方向投向了家庭使用節(jié)約能源的方面。
現(xiàn)在有證據(jù)顯示人們正處于被研究的狀態(tài)下可以節(jié)約能源，因?yàn)樗麄冋诒谎芯慨?dāng)中。
這一現(xiàn)象被稱(chēng)為霍索恩效應(yīng)：
被研究的個(gè)體在被觀察時(shí)會(huì)改變其行為。
因此研究人員們與一些公司合作檢測(cè)電力使用中的霍索恩效應(yīng)。
這些家庭都是通過(guò)隨機(jī)選擇產(chǎn)生，大概有5600戶。
一半的家庭會(huì)收到一張明信片，上面會(huì)稱(chēng)他們的能源使用情況會(huì)因科學(xué)研究目的而被監(jiān)測(cè)一個(gè)月。
接下來(lái)的一個(gè)月內(nèi)他們還會(huì)隨之收到4張?zhí)嵝衙餍牌?BR> 除此之外，他們不會(huì)收到任何其它信息，比如指導(dǎo)或者鼓勵(lì)之類(lèi)的。
對(duì)比組的家庭也是被監(jiān)測(cè)但是沒(méi)有被通知或者提醒說(shuō)他們正在被監(jiān)測(cè)中。
所以這個(gè)組的家庭們繼續(xù)保持和以前一樣的電力消耗。
而被告知監(jiān)測(cè)的家庭使用的電力減少了2.7%。
當(dāng)這個(gè)研究結(jié)束后，他們的能源使用突然就恢復(fù)常態(tài)了。
該研究報(bào)告已在《國(guó)家科學(xué)研究進(jìn)展》上發(fā)表。
很明顯，被告知的消費(fèi)者能找到合適的方法輕松的降低自己的能源消耗。
或許政策制定者們能利用霍索恩效應(yīng)來(lái)處理能源使用問(wèn)題。