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紙張發(fā)明之前,人們將文字刻在平整的竹片或木片上。由竹片或木片制成的書很笨重，不方便閱讀和攜帶。東漢時(shí)期(the Eastern Han Dynasty)，蔡倫利用樹皮(tree bark)、麻頭(hemp)、破布等來(lái)造紙，得名“蔡倫紙”。由于輕便價(jià)廉，這種紙很快得到推廣并取代竹片和木片。隨后，中國(guó)的造紙技術(shù)流傳至世界各地。造紙術(shù)是中國(guó)的四大發(fā)明之一，是中華民族對(duì)世界文明的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。
參考譯文：
Before paper was invented, characters were carved on flat strips of bamboo or wood. Books made of bamboo or wood were heavy, and inconvenient for reading and carrying.In the Eastan Han Dynasty,Cai Lun used materials such as tree bark, hemp and rags to make paper, known as "Cai Lun Paper",Light and cheap,it soon became widespread and replaced bamboo and wood strips for writing,Later on,the technique of papermaking in China was introduced into countries around the world.As one of the Chinese Four Great Inventions,papermaking is considered to be a great contribution of the Chinese people to the world's civilization.
解析：
1.第1句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“紙張發(fā)明之前”可譯為從句Before paper was invented或介詞短語(yǔ)Before the invention of paper。主句“人們將文字刻在……”中的主語(yǔ)“人們”無(wú)需強(qiáng)調(diào)，習(xí)慣上將其譯為被動(dòng)句，用“文字”作主語(yǔ)。在上下文的語(yǔ)境中，“文字”指的是“中國(guó)的漢字”，故應(yīng)譯為characters，而非words或letters。
2.第2句中修飾“書”的定語(yǔ)“由竹片或木片制成”可處理為定語(yǔ)從句which were made of...，或直接用過(guò)去分詞made of...作后置定語(yǔ)。該句中的“竹片”和“木片”在上句已有提及，故此處可簡(jiǎn)化譯作bamboo及wood。
3.第3句中的“得名‘蔡倫紙’”，是對(duì)蔡倫所造的紙的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)譯為named“Cai Lun Paper” 或 known as “Cai Lun Paper”;也可譯為 which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句 which was named “Cai Lun Paper”。
4.第4句中的“由于輕便價(jià)廉”可直譯為because it was light and cheap，但不如用形容詞短語(yǔ)light and cheap作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況來(lái)得簡(jiǎn)潔。
5.后一句中，把后半句“是中華民族……”處理成主句，“造紙術(shù)是中國(guó)的四大發(fā)明之一”處理為狀語(yǔ)，譯作as one of Chinese Four Great Inventions，突出主句的意義，使句子層次分明。
【手機(jī)用戶】→點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入免費(fèi)試聽>>【CET4】 * 【CET6】
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紙張發(fā)明之前,人們將文字刻在平整的竹片或木片上。由竹片或木片制成的書很笨重，不方便閱讀和攜帶。東漢時(shí)期(the Eastern Han Dynasty)，蔡倫利用樹皮(tree bark)、麻頭(hemp)、破布等來(lái)造紙，得名“蔡倫紙”。由于輕便價(jià)廉，這種紙很快得到推廣并取代竹片和木片。隨后，中國(guó)的造紙技術(shù)流傳至世界各地。造紙術(shù)是中國(guó)的四大發(fā)明之一，是中華民族對(duì)世界文明的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。
參考譯文：
Before paper was invented, characters were carved on flat strips of bamboo or wood. Books made of bamboo or wood were heavy, and inconvenient for reading and carrying.In the Eastan Han Dynasty,Cai Lun used materials such as tree bark, hemp and rags to make paper, known as "Cai Lun Paper",Light and cheap,it soon became widespread and replaced bamboo and wood strips for writing,Later on,the technique of papermaking in China was introduced into countries around the world.As one of the Chinese Four Great Inventions,papermaking is considered to be a great contribution of the Chinese people to the world's civilization.
解析：
1.第1句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“紙張發(fā)明之前”可譯為從句Before paper was invented或介詞短語(yǔ)Before the invention of paper。主句“人們將文字刻在……”中的主語(yǔ)“人們”無(wú)需強(qiáng)調(diào)，習(xí)慣上將其譯為被動(dòng)句，用“文字”作主語(yǔ)。在上下文的語(yǔ)境中，“文字”指的是“中國(guó)的漢字”，故應(yīng)譯為characters，而非words或letters。
2.第2句中修飾“書”的定語(yǔ)“由竹片或木片制成”可處理為定語(yǔ)從句which were made of...，或直接用過(guò)去分詞made of...作后置定語(yǔ)。該句中的“竹片”和“木片”在上句已有提及，故此處可簡(jiǎn)化譯作bamboo及wood。
3.第3句中的“得名‘蔡倫紙’”，是對(duì)蔡倫所造的紙的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)譯為named“Cai Lun Paper” 或 known as “Cai Lun Paper”;也可譯為 which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句 which was named “Cai Lun Paper”。
4.第4句中的“由于輕便價(jià)廉”可直譯為because it was light and cheap，但不如用形容詞短語(yǔ)light and cheap作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況來(lái)得簡(jiǎn)潔。
5.后一句中，把后半句“是中華民族……”處理成主句，“造紙術(shù)是中國(guó)的四大發(fā)明之一”處理為狀語(yǔ)，譯作as one of Chinese Four Great Inventions，突出主句的意義，使句子層次分明。