2018考研英語長難句解析（九）

Human history began when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by conscious choice.
    詞匯突破：
    1.Inheritancen. 繼承;遺傳;遺產(chǎn)
    2.Genetics n.遺傳，遺傳學(xué)
    例句：Smoking, rather than genetics,was the cause of his early demise.
    導(dǎo)致他英年早逝的原因是吸煙而非遺傳
    3.dominating 支配
    4.broken through 打破
    5. conscious 有意識的
    6. until then 直到那時;(在句子有時也可以處理為：一直)
    主干識別：Human history began
    其他成分：when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided
    the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by
    conscious choice.
    狀語從句：
    微觀分析： 狀語從句主干：
    theinheritance of genetics and behavior was first broken through by consciouschoice
    定語從句：
    Which(=the inheritance of genetics andbehavior) had untilthen provided the only way of dominating the environment
    翻譯點撥： 剛才的分析就是我們在翻譯的課堂上常講的第一步：句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析，保證句子理解的正確性。
    到了第二步我們就不能按英語的結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯了，就應(yīng)該按照中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣來翻譯了。具體的講就是：每個過長部分都可以單獨(dú)成句;然后按中文語序排列;
    剛才的句子可以翻譯為三個句子：
    1. Human history began
    人類歷史開始了
    2. when the inheritance of genetics and behaviorwas first broken through by conscious choice
    當(dāng)遺傳和行為的繼承第被有意識的選擇打破的時候
    3. Which(=the inheritance of genetics andbehavior) had untilthen provided the only way of dominating the environment
    遺傳和行為的繼承一直提供了支配環(huán)境的方式
    =遺傳和行為的繼承一直是支配環(huán)境的方式。
    大家會發(fā)現(xiàn)這個句子按照321的順序會很通順，因為符合中文時間順序的表達(dá)習(xí)慣：
    參考譯文：遺傳和行為的繼承一直是支配環(huán)境的方式，當(dāng)這種繼承第被有意識的選擇打破時，人類的歷史就開始了。
    比較一下：當(dāng)那種一直是支配環(huán)境的惟一發(fā)式的遺傳和行為的繼承第被有意識的選擇打破時，人類歷史便開始了。