動詞的語態(tài)
1. 語態(tài)定義：英語中表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系的動詞形式稱為語態(tài)。英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主動) English is taught in our school .(被動)
2. 被動語態(tài)：助動詞Be + 及物動詞的過去分詞(be +p.p.)，be有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。見下表：
時 態(tài) 謂語動詞的形式 例 子
一般現(xiàn)在時 Am / is / are + 動詞過去分詞 Colour TVs are made in the factory .
一般過去時 Was / were +動詞過去分詞 My hometown was liberated in 1949 .
一般將來時 Shall / will + be +動詞過去分詞 The film will be shown again .
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 Am / is / are + being +動詞過去分詞 The walls are being painted .
過去進(jìn)行時 Was / were +being動詞過去分詞 The tickets were being well sold then .
現(xiàn)在完成時 Has / have + been + 動詞過去分詞 A new road has been built here .
時 態(tài) 謂語動詞的形式 例 子
過去完成時 Had + been +動詞過去分詞 Much had been done before mother came back .
含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞過去分詞 The composition must be handed in today .
3. 被動語態(tài)中值得注意的問題：
○1 帶有雙賓語的動詞，可以把任何一個賓語變被動，一般在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father .
○2 英語中有些動詞用主動語態(tài)表示被動語態(tài)。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .
○3 在英語中有時"be + V-ed"結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動語態(tài)，而是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The mountains were covered with snow .
○4 在"主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語"的結(jié)構(gòu)中，要補(bǔ)留賓語補(bǔ)足語。We found the door broken. / The door was found broken.
○5 賓語補(bǔ)足語為省to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，要還原to。He made me laugh. / I was made to laugh .
○6 如果短語動詞是及物動詞時，可以用被動語態(tài)，但不能遺漏所含的介詞或副詞。The nurse looked after the baby ./ The baby was looked after by the nurse . / We must make up for the lessons we missed. / The lessons we missed must be made up for .
○7 下列情況不能用被動語態(tài)：
A. 不及物動詞： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .
B. 連系動詞： The girl looks like her sister .
C. 賓語為反身代詞：He always dresses himself neatly .
D. 賓語為相互代詞：The students often help each other .
E. 同源賓語：At that time, they lived a happy life .
F. 表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞：I have a new car. / The book cost me 30 yuan .
1. 語態(tài)定義：英語中表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系的動詞形式稱為語態(tài)。英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主動) English is taught in our school .(被動)
2. 被動語態(tài)：助動詞Be + 及物動詞的過去分詞(be +p.p.)，be有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。見下表：
時 態(tài) 謂語動詞的形式 例 子
一般現(xiàn)在時 Am / is / are + 動詞過去分詞 Colour TVs are made in the factory .
一般過去時 Was / were +動詞過去分詞 My hometown was liberated in 1949 .
一般將來時 Shall / will + be +動詞過去分詞 The film will be shown again .
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 Am / is / are + being +動詞過去分詞 The walls are being painted .
過去進(jìn)行時 Was / were +being動詞過去分詞 The tickets were being well sold then .
現(xiàn)在完成時 Has / have + been + 動詞過去分詞 A new road has been built here .
時 態(tài) 謂語動詞的形式 例 子
過去完成時 Had + been +動詞過去分詞 Much had been done before mother came back .
含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞過去分詞 The composition must be handed in today .
3. 被動語態(tài)中值得注意的問題：
○1 帶有雙賓語的動詞，可以把任何一個賓語變被動，一般在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father .
○2 英語中有些動詞用主動語態(tài)表示被動語態(tài)。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .
○3 在英語中有時"be + V-ed"結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動語態(tài)，而是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The mountains were covered with snow .
○4 在"主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語"的結(jié)構(gòu)中，要補(bǔ)留賓語補(bǔ)足語。We found the door broken. / The door was found broken.
○5 賓語補(bǔ)足語為省to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，要還原to。He made me laugh. / I was made to laugh .
○6 如果短語動詞是及物動詞時，可以用被動語態(tài)，但不能遺漏所含的介詞或副詞。The nurse looked after the baby ./ The baby was looked after by the nurse . / We must make up for the lessons we missed. / The lessons we missed must be made up for .
○7 下列情況不能用被動語態(tài)：
A. 不及物動詞： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .
B. 連系動詞： The girl looks like her sister .
C. 賓語為反身代詞：He always dresses himself neatly .
D. 賓語為相互代詞：The students often help each other .
E. 同源賓語：At that time, they lived a happy life .
F. 表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞：I have a new car. / The book cost me 30 yuan .