過去分詞可以表示“被動(dòng)”和“完成”等意義，因此沒有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)方面的形式變化。下面談一下現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。
1.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having+過去分詞)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前或兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上有一定的間隔。
例如:
Having written the letter，John went to the post office.
(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.
約翰寫完信后，就去郵局了。
Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.
(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)
老王在北京住了多年，所以對(duì)這個(gè)城市很熟悉。
Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.
(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)
小馬喝了兩杯水，感覺好一些了
一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例如:
Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet.
(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)
他打開抽屜，拿出錢包。
Coming into the room，he put down his bag.
(=he came into the room and put down his bag.)
他走進(jìn)房間，放下提包。
Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.
布朗先生刷過牙，就下樓來吃早飯。
(此句如寫成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“邊刷牙，邊下樓’。)
2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(being +過去分詞)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的完成式(having + been +過去分詞)。
例如:
The bridge being built will be completed next month.正在修建的那座橋?qū)⒂谙略峦瓿伞?BR> Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.湯姆回來晚了，所以被關(guān)在門外半小時(shí)左右才讓他進(jìn)去。
1.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having+過去分詞)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前或兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上有一定的間隔。
例如:
Having written the letter，John went to the post office.
(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.
約翰寫完信后，就去郵局了。
Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.
(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)
老王在北京住了多年，所以對(duì)這個(gè)城市很熟悉。
Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.
(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)
小馬喝了兩杯水，感覺好一些了
一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。在可能引起誤解的場(chǎng)合應(yīng)該用完成式現(xiàn)在分詞表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
例如:
Opening the drawer，he took out his wallet.
(=He opened the drawer and took out his wallet.)
他打開抽屜，拿出錢包。
Coming into the room，he put down his bag.
(=he came into the room and put down his bag.)
他走進(jìn)房間，放下提包。
Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.
布朗先生刷過牙，就下樓來吃早飯。
(此句如寫成:Brushing his teeth, Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指“邊刷牙，邊下樓’。)
2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(being +過去分詞)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的完成式(having + been +過去分詞)。
例如:
The bridge being built will be completed next month.正在修建的那座橋?qū)⒂谙略峦瓿伞?BR> Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.湯姆回來晚了，所以被關(guān)在門外半小時(shí)左右才讓他進(jìn)去。