被動(dòng)態(tài)的用法
1、不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，這時(shí)就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
I felt a littlie nervous when I was beinginterviewed. 我接受面試的時(shí)候，有點(diǎn)緊張。
These fighters are imported from Russia. 這些戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)是從俄國(guó)進(jìn)口的。
That place has been turned into a swimmingpool. 那個(gè)地方已被變成游泳池。
2、說(shuō)話或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
He’ssaid/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)信/據(jù)報(bào)道他在美國(guó)。
常用句型(that后面跟句子)：
It is said that…….
It is reported that…….
It is hoped that…….
It is believed that…….
It is announced that…….
it is (well) known that…….
It has been decided that…….
It is supposed that…….
It is suggested that…….
It must be remembered that…….
It is taken for granted that…….
主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
一：時(shí)態(tài)不能改變;二：變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致。還要作如下變動(dòng)：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ);主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)放在by的后面，組成介詞短語(yǔ)，再把這個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。在動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無(wú)須說(shuō)明或不必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。
They will open a new supermarket theresoon.
A new supermarket will be opened theresoon.
Somebody has warned us to be careful ofrats.
We have been warned to be careful of rats.
如果主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中任何一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不變。但較常見(jiàn)的是將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
The reporters asked the president somequestions.
The president was asked some questions bythe reporters. (變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
Some questions were asked the president bythe reporters. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)
句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞：
The timetable can be changed any time. 時(shí)間表隨時(shí)可以改變。
This book may not be taken out of thereading room. 這本書(shū)不允許帶出閱覽室。
This dictionary must be taken good care of.這本詞典必須保管好。
其他要點(diǎn)
1、有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)，意義上是被動(dòng)。
School begins in September. 學(xué)校九月份開(kāi)學(xué)。
The library doesn’t open onSunday. 圖書(shū)館星期天不開(kāi)放。
The machine runs well. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器容易操作。
My pen writes well. 我的鋼筆好使。
The cloth washes well. 這料子耐洗。
The dictionary sells well. 這詞典銷路很好。
The door will not shut/lock. 門關(guān)/鎖不上。
2、make, see, watch,hear, notice, feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。
They made him go. 他們讓他去。
He was made to go. 他被要求去了。
I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。
He was heard to say good-bye to hisfriends. 有人聽(tīng)到他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。
3、除助動(dòng)詞be外，動(dòng)詞get有時(shí)也可跟過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，是比較口語(yǔ)化的一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中很少用by短語(yǔ)。
I got lost in the huge market. 在那個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)中我迷失了方向。
In the end this story got translated intoEnglish. 這故事最后被譯成了英文。 His car got damaged in aroad accident. 他的車在交通事故中被毀了。
4、“have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)句型也表達(dá)了一種被動(dòng)的意思。
I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sundaywhen I was shopping. 上星期天買東西的時(shí)候我的錢夾被盜。
I bought these books at a discount and hadtwo hundred dollars saved. 我打折買了這些書(shū)，省了兩百美元。
5、在need, want, require后面，主動(dòng)的-ing形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意思：
our garden needs watering. (=…to bewatered) 你的花園需要澆水。
Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生，您的衣服要燙嗎?
1、不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，這時(shí)就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
I felt a littlie nervous when I was beinginterviewed. 我接受面試的時(shí)候，有點(diǎn)緊張。
These fighters are imported from Russia. 這些戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)是從俄國(guó)進(jìn)口的。
That place has been turned into a swimmingpool. 那個(gè)地方已被變成游泳池。
2、說(shuō)話或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，也常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
He’ssaid/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)信/據(jù)報(bào)道他在美國(guó)。
常用句型(that后面跟句子)：
It is said that…….
It is reported that…….
It is hoped that…….
It is believed that…….
It is announced that…….
it is (well) known that…….
It has been decided that…….
It is supposed that…….
It is suggested that…….
It must be remembered that…….
It is taken for granted that…….
主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
一：時(shí)態(tài)不能改變;二：變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致。還要作如下變動(dòng)：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ);主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)放在by的后面，組成介詞短語(yǔ)，再把這個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。在動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者無(wú)須說(shuō)明或不必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。
They will open a new supermarket theresoon.
A new supermarket will be opened theresoon.
Somebody has warned us to be careful ofrats.
We have been warned to be careful of rats.
如果主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中任何一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不變。但較常見(jiàn)的是將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
The reporters asked the president somequestions.
The president was asked some questions bythe reporters. (變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
Some questions were asked the president bythe reporters. (變直接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ))
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)態(tài)
句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞：
The timetable can be changed any time. 時(shí)間表隨時(shí)可以改變。
This book may not be taken out of thereading room. 這本書(shū)不允許帶出閱覽室。
This dictionary must be taken good care of.這本詞典必須保管好。
其他要點(diǎn)
1、有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)，意義上是被動(dòng)。
School begins in September. 學(xué)校九月份開(kāi)學(xué)。
The library doesn’t open onSunday. 圖書(shū)館星期天不開(kāi)放。
The machine runs well. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器容易操作。
My pen writes well. 我的鋼筆好使。
The cloth washes well. 這料子耐洗。
The dictionary sells well. 這詞典銷路很好。
The door will not shut/lock. 門關(guān)/鎖不上。
2、make, see, watch,hear, notice, feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面可以接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。
They made him go. 他們讓他去。
He was made to go. 他被要求去了。
I heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。
He was heard to say good-bye to hisfriends. 有人聽(tīng)到他向他的朋友說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。
3、除助動(dòng)詞be外，動(dòng)詞get有時(shí)也可跟過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，是比較口語(yǔ)化的一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中很少用by短語(yǔ)。
I got lost in the huge market. 在那個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)中我迷失了方向。
In the end this story got translated intoEnglish. 這故事最后被譯成了英文。 His car got damaged in aroad accident. 他的車在交通事故中被毀了。
4、“have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)句型也表達(dá)了一種被動(dòng)的意思。
I had my wallet stolen/lost last Sundaywhen I was shopping. 上星期天買東西的時(shí)候我的錢夾被盜。
I bought these books at a discount and hadtwo hundred dollars saved. 我打折買了這些書(shū)，省了兩百美元。
5、在need, want, require后面，主動(dòng)的-ing形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意思：
our garden needs watering. (=…to bewatered) 你的花園需要澆水。
Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生，您的衣服要燙嗎?