為了方便同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)，為大家整理了新概念英語第四冊(cè)學(xué)習(xí)手冊(cè)，新概念英語作為一套世界聞名的英語教程，以其全新的教學(xué)理念，有趣的課文內(nèi)容和全面的技能訓(xùn)練，深受廣大英語學(xué)習(xí)者的歡迎和喜愛。希望以下內(nèi)容能夠?yàn)榇蠹业男赂拍钣⒄Z學(xué)習(xí)提供幫助!
Unit 1 新概念英語4 Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 發(fā)現(xiàn)化石人
Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.
But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.
Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.
ROBIN PLACE Finding fossil man
fossil man (title)
adj. 化石人
recount
v. 敘述
saga
n. 英雄故事
legend
n. 傳說，傳奇
migration
n. 遷移，移居
anthropologist
n. 人類學(xué)家
archaeologist
n. 考古學(xué)家
ancestor
n. 祖先
Polynesian
adj.波利尼西亞(中太平洋之一群島)的
Indonesia
n. 印度尼西亞
flint
n. 燧石
rot
n. 爛掉
參考譯文
我們從書籍中可讀到5,000 年前近東發(fā)生的事情，那里的人早學(xué)會(huì)了寫字。但直到現(xiàn)在,世界上有些地方，人們還不會(huì)書寫。 他們保存歷史的辦法是將歷史當(dāng)作傳說講述，由講述人一代接一代地將史實(shí)描述為傳奇故事口傳下來。人類學(xué)家過去不清楚如今生活在太平洋諸島上的波利尼西亞人的祖先來自何方，當(dāng)?shù)厝说膫髡f卻告訴人們：其中一部分是約在2,000年前從印度尼西亞遷來的。
但是，和我們相似的原始人生活的年代太久遠(yuǎn)了，因此，有關(guān)他們的傳說既使有如今也失傳了。于是，考古學(xué)家們既缺乏歷史記載，又無口頭傳說來幫助他們弄清早的“現(xiàn)代人”是從哪里來的。
然而， 幸運(yùn)的是，遠(yuǎn)古人用石頭制作了工具，特別是用燧石，因?yàn)殪菔^之其他石頭更容易成形。他們也可能用過木頭和獸皮，但這類東西早已腐爛殆盡。石頭是不會(huì)腐爛的。因此，盡管制造這些工具的人的骨頭早已蕩然無存，但遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代的石頭工具卻保存了下來。
Lesson 2
Spare that spider
不要傷害蜘蛛
How much of each year do spiders spend killing insects?
Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.
Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.
How many spiders are engaged in this work no our behalf? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.
T. H. GILLESPLE Spare that spider from The Listener
New words and expressions
beast
n. 野獸
census
n. 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字
acre
n. 英畝
content
adj. 滿足的
參考譯文
你可能會(huì)覺得奇怪， 蜘蛛怎么會(huì)是我們的朋友呢?因?yàn)樗鼈兡芟麥缒敲炊嗟睦ハx，其中包括一些人類的大敵，要不是人類受一些食蟲動(dòng)物的保護(hù)，昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去，昆蟲會(huì)吞食我們的全部莊稼，殺死我們的成群的牛羊。我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲的鳥和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅的一小部分。此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食蟲動(dòng)物，它們絲毫不危害我們和我們的財(cái)物。
許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲，但它們不是昆蟲，甚至與昆蟲毫無關(guān)系。人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲攵际?條腿，而昆蟲的腿從不超過6條。
有多少蜘蛛在為我們效力呢?一位研究蜘蛛的權(quán)威對(duì)英國南部一塊草坪上的蜘蛛作了調(diào)查。他估計(jì)每英畝草坪里有225萬多只蜘蛛。這就是說，在一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)上約有600萬只不同種類的蜘蛛。蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃昆蟲。它們一年中消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡(jiǎn)直無法猜測(cè)，它們是吃不飽的動(dòng)物，不滿意一日三餐。據(jù)估計(jì)，在英國蜘蛛一年里所消滅昆蟲的重量超過這個(gè)國家人口的總重量。
新概念英語4 Lesson 3
Matterhorn man
馬特霍恩山區(qū)人
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.
WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
Matterhorn
n. 馬特霍恩峰(阿爾卑斯山之一，在意大利和瑞士邊境)
alpinist
n. 登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員
pioneer
v. 開辟，倡導(dǎo);
n. 先鋒，開辟者
summit
n. 頂峰
attain
v. 到達(dá)
perilous
adj. 危險(xiǎn)的
shudder
v. 不寒而栗
court
v. 追求
solitary
adj. 的
impoverish
v. 使貧困
Alpine
adj. 阿爾卑斯山的
flea-ridden
adj. 布滿跳蚤的
coarse
adj. 粗劣的
boast
v. 自恃有
parishioner
n. 教區(qū)居民
shepherd
n. 牧羊人
linen
n. 亞麻布床單
the Alps
n. 阿爾卑斯山脈
參考譯文
現(xiàn)代登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員總想找一條能夠給他們帶來運(yùn)動(dòng)樂趣的路線來攀登山峰。他們認(rèn)為， 道路愈艱險(xiǎn)愈帶勁兒。然而，在登山運(yùn)動(dòng)的初期，全然不是這種情況。早期登山者所尋找的是通往山頂?shù)姆奖愕耐緩?，因?yàn)轫敺逄貏e是前人未曾到過的頂峰 -- 才是他們尋求的目標(biāo)。確實(shí)，在探險(xiǎn)中他們經(jīng)常遇到驚心動(dòng)魄的困難和危險(xiǎn)，而他們裝備之簡(jiǎn)陋足以使現(xiàn)代登山者一想起來就膽戰(zhàn)心驚。但是，他們并非故意尋求這種刺激，他們只有一個(gè)目標(biāo)，的目標(biāo) -- 頂峰!
我們今天很難想像昔日的登山先驅(qū)們是多么艱苦。除了澤曼特和夏蒙尼等一兩個(gè)很快出了名的地方外，阿爾卑斯山山區(qū)的小村幾乎全是高山環(huán)抱、與世隔絕的窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤。那里的小客棧一般都很骯臟，而且跳蚤猖獗。 食物是當(dāng)?shù)氐母衫液屯ǔ４娣帕艘荒曛玫拿姘?，人們就著劣酒吞下這種食物。山谷里常常沒有小客棧，登山者只好隨遇而安。有時(shí)同當(dāng)?shù)啬翈?(他通常和他的教民一樣窮)住在一起，有時(shí)同牧羊人或制乳酪的人住在一起。無論住在哪兒，情況都一樣：骯臟、貧窮，極其不舒適。對(duì)于過慣了一頓飯吃7道菜、睡亞麻細(xì)布床單的人來說，變換一下生活環(huán)境來到阿爾卑斯山山區(qū)，那一定是很艱難的。
Unit 1 新概念英語4 Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 發(fā)現(xiàn)化石人
Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.
But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.
Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.
ROBIN PLACE Finding fossil man
fossil man (title)
adj. 化石人
recount
v. 敘述
saga
n. 英雄故事
legend
n. 傳說，傳奇
migration
n. 遷移，移居
anthropologist
n. 人類學(xué)家
archaeologist
n. 考古學(xué)家
ancestor
n. 祖先
Polynesian
adj.波利尼西亞(中太平洋之一群島)的
Indonesia
n. 印度尼西亞
flint
n. 燧石
rot
n. 爛掉
參考譯文
我們從書籍中可讀到5,000 年前近東發(fā)生的事情，那里的人早學(xué)會(huì)了寫字。但直到現(xiàn)在,世界上有些地方，人們還不會(huì)書寫。 他們保存歷史的辦法是將歷史當(dāng)作傳說講述，由講述人一代接一代地將史實(shí)描述為傳奇故事口傳下來。人類學(xué)家過去不清楚如今生活在太平洋諸島上的波利尼西亞人的祖先來自何方，當(dāng)?shù)厝说膫髡f卻告訴人們：其中一部分是約在2,000年前從印度尼西亞遷來的。
但是，和我們相似的原始人生活的年代太久遠(yuǎn)了，因此，有關(guān)他們的傳說既使有如今也失傳了。于是，考古學(xué)家們既缺乏歷史記載，又無口頭傳說來幫助他們弄清早的“現(xiàn)代人”是從哪里來的。
然而， 幸運(yùn)的是，遠(yuǎn)古人用石頭制作了工具，特別是用燧石，因?yàn)殪菔^之其他石頭更容易成形。他們也可能用過木頭和獸皮，但這類東西早已腐爛殆盡。石頭是不會(huì)腐爛的。因此，盡管制造這些工具的人的骨頭早已蕩然無存，但遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代的石頭工具卻保存了下來。
Lesson 2
Spare that spider
不要傷害蜘蛛
How much of each year do spiders spend killing insects?
Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.
Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six.
How many spiders are engaged in this work no our behalf? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre; that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.
T. H. GILLESPLE Spare that spider from The Listener
New words and expressions
beast
n. 野獸
census
n. 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字
acre
n. 英畝
content
adj. 滿足的
參考譯文
你可能會(huì)覺得奇怪， 蜘蛛怎么會(huì)是我們的朋友呢?因?yàn)樗鼈兡芟麥缒敲炊嗟睦ハx，其中包括一些人類的大敵，要不是人類受一些食蟲動(dòng)物的保護(hù)，昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去，昆蟲會(huì)吞食我們的全部莊稼，殺死我們的成群的牛羊。我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲的鳥和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅的一小部分。此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食蟲動(dòng)物，它們絲毫不危害我們和我們的財(cái)物。
許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲，但它們不是昆蟲，甚至與昆蟲毫無關(guān)系。人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲攵际?條腿，而昆蟲的腿從不超過6條。
有多少蜘蛛在為我們效力呢?一位研究蜘蛛的權(quán)威對(duì)英國南部一塊草坪上的蜘蛛作了調(diào)查。他估計(jì)每英畝草坪里有225萬多只蜘蛛。這就是說，在一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)上約有600萬只不同種類的蜘蛛。蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃昆蟲。它們一年中消滅了多少昆蟲，我們簡(jiǎn)直無法猜測(cè)，它們是吃不飽的動(dòng)物，不滿意一日三餐。據(jù)估計(jì)，在英國蜘蛛一年里所消滅昆蟲的重量超過這個(gè)國家人口的總重量。
新概念英語4 Lesson 3
Matterhorn man
馬特霍恩山區(qū)人
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.
WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
Matterhorn
n. 馬特霍恩峰(阿爾卑斯山之一，在意大利和瑞士邊境)
alpinist
n. 登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員
pioneer
v. 開辟，倡導(dǎo);
n. 先鋒，開辟者
summit
n. 頂峰
attain
v. 到達(dá)
perilous
adj. 危險(xiǎn)的
shudder
v. 不寒而栗
court
v. 追求
solitary
adj. 的
impoverish
v. 使貧困
Alpine
adj. 阿爾卑斯山的
flea-ridden
adj. 布滿跳蚤的
coarse
adj. 粗劣的
boast
v. 自恃有
parishioner
n. 教區(qū)居民
shepherd
n. 牧羊人
linen
n. 亞麻布床單
the Alps
n. 阿爾卑斯山脈
參考譯文
現(xiàn)代登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員總想找一條能夠給他們帶來運(yùn)動(dòng)樂趣的路線來攀登山峰。他們認(rèn)為， 道路愈艱險(xiǎn)愈帶勁兒。然而，在登山運(yùn)動(dòng)的初期，全然不是這種情況。早期登山者所尋找的是通往山頂?shù)姆奖愕耐緩?，因?yàn)轫敺逄貏e是前人未曾到過的頂峰 -- 才是他們尋求的目標(biāo)。確實(shí)，在探險(xiǎn)中他們經(jīng)常遇到驚心動(dòng)魄的困難和危險(xiǎn)，而他們裝備之簡(jiǎn)陋足以使現(xiàn)代登山者一想起來就膽戰(zhàn)心驚。但是，他們并非故意尋求這種刺激，他們只有一個(gè)目標(biāo)，的目標(biāo) -- 頂峰!
我們今天很難想像昔日的登山先驅(qū)們是多么艱苦。除了澤曼特和夏蒙尼等一兩個(gè)很快出了名的地方外，阿爾卑斯山山區(qū)的小村幾乎全是高山環(huán)抱、與世隔絕的窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤。那里的小客棧一般都很骯臟，而且跳蚤猖獗。 食物是當(dāng)?shù)氐母衫液屯ǔ４娣帕艘荒曛玫拿姘?，人們就著劣酒吞下這種食物。山谷里常常沒有小客棧，登山者只好隨遇而安。有時(shí)同當(dāng)?shù)啬翈?(他通常和他的教民一樣窮)住在一起，有時(shí)同牧羊人或制乳酪的人住在一起。無論住在哪兒，情況都一樣：骯臟、貧窮，極其不舒適。對(duì)于過慣了一頓飯吃7道菜、睡亞麻細(xì)布床單的人來說，變換一下生活環(huán)境來到阿爾卑斯山山區(qū)，那一定是很艱難的。