理解賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)響應(yīng),應(yīng)注意以下幾種情況:
1. 無需呼應(yīng)的情況:若主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)句意的需要使用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。如:
He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。
No one knows where he was born. 沒有人知道他出生于何地。
Tom says that he’ll never get married. 湯姆說他永遠(yuǎn)不結(jié)婚。
2. 主句為過去時(shí)的情況:若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。如:
She asked me if I’d slept well. 她問我睡得好不好。
I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個(gè)地方。
He said he was going to accompany her home. 他說他將陪她回家。
當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),即使賓語從句所表示的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在,通常也用過去時(shí)。如:
Oh! I didn’t know you were here. 啊! 我不知道你在這里。(you were here指說話的當(dāng)時(shí))
Hello! I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 你好! 我不知道你在倫敦。你來這里多久了? (you were in London其實(shí)是指說話的當(dāng)時(shí))
當(dāng)然,為避免誤會(huì),我們也可以直接使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的情況,而無需考慮與主句謂語的過去時(shí)相呼應(yīng)。如:
She said she’ll be back tonight. 她說她今晚回來。
He said that the meeting is Tuesday. 他說會(huì)議于星期二舉行。
3. 從句為客觀真理的情況:當(dāng)賓語從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí),可以不受時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的限制,即使主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:
The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound. 老師告訴學(xué)生,光的速度比聲速快。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時(shí)候,人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。
1. 無需呼應(yīng)的情況:若主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)句意的需要使用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。如:
He knows where they live. 他知道他們住哪里。
No one knows where he was born. 沒有人知道他出生于何地。
Tom says that he’ll never get married. 湯姆說他永遠(yuǎn)不結(jié)婚。
2. 主句為過去時(shí)的情況:若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。如:
She asked me if I’d slept well. 她問我睡得好不好。
I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他們是否喜歡這個(gè)地方。
He said he was going to accompany her home. 他說他將陪她回家。
當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),即使賓語從句所表示的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在,通常也用過去時(shí)。如:
Oh! I didn’t know you were here. 啊! 我不知道你在這里。(you were here指說話的當(dāng)時(shí))
Hello! I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 你好! 我不知道你在倫敦。你來這里多久了? (you were in London其實(shí)是指說話的當(dāng)時(shí))
當(dāng)然,為避免誤會(huì),我們也可以直接使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)來表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的情況,而無需考慮與主句謂語的過去時(shí)相呼應(yīng)。如:
She said she’ll be back tonight. 她說她今晚回來。
He said that the meeting is Tuesday. 他說會(huì)議于星期二舉行。
3. 從句為客觀真理的情況:當(dāng)賓語從句的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實(shí),可以不受時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的限制,即使主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:
The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound. 老師告訴學(xué)生,光的速度比聲速快。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時(shí)候,人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。

