【課文】
Listen to the tape then answer this question. What was so funny about the words on the sign?
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The litter baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said,‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!’
【課文翻譯】
聽錄音，然后回答問(wèn)題。牌子上的字有什么可笑的地方?
我住在一個(gè)由美麗的樹林環(huán)繞的古老小鎮(zhèn)上。這是一個(gè)的風(fēng)景勝地。每逢星期天，有許許多多人從城里來(lái)觀賞我們的小鎮(zhèn)，并在樹林中散步。游客已被告知要保持樹林的整潔。樹下都已設(shè)置了廢物筐，但是人們?nèi)缘教幦永?。上星期三我到樹林里去散步。我所見到的一切使我非常難過(guò)。我數(shù)了一下，有7輛舊汽車和3個(gè)舊冰箱。廢物筐是空的，而滿地都是紙片、煙頭、舊輪胎、空瓶子和生銹的空罐頭盒。在垃圾堆中我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊牌子，上面寫著：“凡在此樹林里丟棄垃圾者，將依法處置。”
【生詞】
surround v. 包圍
place v. 放
wood n.樹林
throw (threw , thrown ) v.扔，拋
beauty spot 風(fēng)景點(diǎn)
rubbish n. 垃圾
hundred n. 百
count v. 數(shù)，點(diǎn)
city n. 城市
cover v. 覆蓋
through prep. 穿過(guò)
piece n. 碎片
visitor n. 參觀者，游客，來(lái)訪者
tyre n. 輪胎
tidy adj. 整齊的
rusty adj. 生銹的
litter n. 雜亂的東西
among prep. 在......之間
litter basket 廢物筐
prosecute v. 依法處置
二【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
(一)單詞擴(kuò)展
1)surround vt. 包圍,環(huán)繞,圍繞 n. 圍繞物
例句：Trees surround our house.
我們房子的四周都是樹。
surrounding既是surround的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，也是一個(gè)詞。 n. 環(huán)境 a. 周圍的
例句：Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential.
周圍的農(nóng)田漸漸變成了住宅區(qū)。
2)wood n. 木頭;木材;木柴; 森林,樹林
例句：You should put some more wood in the fire.
你應(yīng)該再往火里添些木料。
3)beauty spot 風(fēng)景點(diǎn)
spot 這個(gè)詞含義很豐富，比如n. 污點(diǎn),地點(diǎn),斑點(diǎn),點(diǎn),缺點(diǎn),處境,少量
a. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)的,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的,現(xiàn)貨買賣的
vt.1. 點(diǎn)綴;2.發(fā)現(xiàn);3.看見,看到,注意到
scenic spot 風(fēng)景名勝
例句：The city is famed for its scenic spots.
該市以風(fēng)景優(yōu)美著稱。
4)cover 這個(gè)詞意思也很豐富，既可作動(dòng)詞，又可作名詞。
n. 蓋子,封面,藉口，報(bào)道
vt. 覆蓋,掩飾,保護(hù),掩護(hù),包括
vi. 覆蓋;翻唱
例句：The highway was covered with snow.
公路被雪覆蓋著。
5)litter n. 垃圾,雜亂 vt. 亂丟
例句：There was litter thrown all over the pavement.
人行道上到處都是扔的垃圾。
litter與rubbish的區(qū)別
rubbish: 普通用詞，指任何成堆的、破損的、用過(guò)的或無(wú)用的東西，尤指棄掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下亂丟物品的總稱，尤指散落于地，有礙觀瞻的廢物。
6)prosecute vt. 起訴, 告發(fā), 從事, 徹底進(jìn)行
例句：He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit.
他被告發(fā)超速行駛。
(二)【課文講解】
1. 大家在看課文的過(guò)程中會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，今天的課文中多次出現(xiàn)be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞這種形式，這就是英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)式。
被動(dòng)式不等于過(guò)去分詞，確切的說(shuō)，應(yīng)該是“Be+過(guò)去分詞”，例如，give的被動(dòng)式，就應(yīng)該是be given。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞"構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也如此。
一起來(lái)看看下面幾個(gè)句子。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) He cleans the room .
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) The room is cleaned by him.
否定句 The room isn’t cleaned by him.
疑問(wèn)句 Is the room cleaned by him?
2. was covered with... 覆蓋......
例句： The roof is covered with snow.
屋頂被雪覆蓋了。
3. What I saw made me very sad.
句中的主語(yǔ)what I saw 是一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
例句：What I did surprised him.
他對(duì)我的行為感到驚訝。
4. I found a sign which said...
這里的said不當(dāng)“說(shuō)”講，而是“寫著......”。
例句：It is said on the blackboard that the homework should be handed in before Tuesday.
黑板上寫著作業(yè)必須在周二前交。
Listen to the tape then answer this question. What was so funny about the words on the sign?
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. It is a famous beauty spot. On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods. Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy. Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere. Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods. What I saw made me very sad. I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators. The litter baskets were empty and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins. Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said,‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!’
【課文翻譯】
聽錄音，然后回答問(wèn)題。牌子上的字有什么可笑的地方?
我住在一個(gè)由美麗的樹林環(huán)繞的古老小鎮(zhèn)上。這是一個(gè)的風(fēng)景勝地。每逢星期天，有許許多多人從城里來(lái)觀賞我們的小鎮(zhèn)，并在樹林中散步。游客已被告知要保持樹林的整潔。樹下都已設(shè)置了廢物筐，但是人們?nèi)缘教幦永?。上星期三我到樹林里去散步。我所見到的一切使我非常難過(guò)。我數(shù)了一下，有7輛舊汽車和3個(gè)舊冰箱。廢物筐是空的，而滿地都是紙片、煙頭、舊輪胎、空瓶子和生銹的空罐頭盒。在垃圾堆中我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊牌子，上面寫著：“凡在此樹林里丟棄垃圾者，將依法處置。”
【生詞】
surround v. 包圍
place v. 放
wood n.樹林
throw (threw , thrown ) v.扔，拋
beauty spot 風(fēng)景點(diǎn)
rubbish n. 垃圾
hundred n. 百
count v. 數(shù)，點(diǎn)
city n. 城市
cover v. 覆蓋
through prep. 穿過(guò)
piece n. 碎片
visitor n. 參觀者，游客，來(lái)訪者
tyre n. 輪胎
tidy adj. 整齊的
rusty adj. 生銹的
litter n. 雜亂的東西
among prep. 在......之間
litter basket 廢物筐
prosecute v. 依法處置
二【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
(一)單詞擴(kuò)展
1)surround vt. 包圍,環(huán)繞,圍繞 n. 圍繞物
例句：Trees surround our house.
我們房子的四周都是樹。
surrounding既是surround的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，也是一個(gè)詞。 n. 環(huán)境 a. 周圍的
例句：Gradually the surrounding farmland turned residential.
周圍的農(nóng)田漸漸變成了住宅區(qū)。
2)wood n. 木頭;木材;木柴; 森林,樹林
例句：You should put some more wood in the fire.
你應(yīng)該再往火里添些木料。
3)beauty spot 風(fēng)景點(diǎn)
spot 這個(gè)詞含義很豐富，比如n. 污點(diǎn),地點(diǎn),斑點(diǎn),點(diǎn),缺點(diǎn),處境,少量
a. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)的,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的,現(xiàn)貨買賣的
vt.1. 點(diǎn)綴;2.發(fā)現(xiàn);3.看見,看到,注意到
scenic spot 風(fēng)景名勝
例句：The city is famed for its scenic spots.
該市以風(fēng)景優(yōu)美著稱。
4)cover 這個(gè)詞意思也很豐富，既可作動(dòng)詞，又可作名詞。
n. 蓋子,封面,藉口，報(bào)道
vt. 覆蓋,掩飾,保護(hù),掩護(hù),包括
vi. 覆蓋;翻唱
例句：The highway was covered with snow.
公路被雪覆蓋著。
5)litter n. 垃圾,雜亂 vt. 亂丟
例句：There was litter thrown all over the pavement.
人行道上到處都是扔的垃圾。
litter與rubbish的區(qū)別
rubbish: 普通用詞，指任何成堆的、破損的、用過(guò)的或無(wú)用的東西，尤指棄掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
litter: 是四下亂丟物品的總稱，尤指散落于地，有礙觀瞻的廢物。
6)prosecute vt. 起訴, 告發(fā), 從事, 徹底進(jìn)行
例句：He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit.
他被告發(fā)超速行駛。
(二)【課文講解】
1. 大家在看課文的過(guò)程中會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，今天的課文中多次出現(xiàn)be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞這種形式，這就是英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)式。
被動(dòng)式不等于過(guò)去分詞，確切的說(shuō)，應(yīng)該是“Be+過(guò)去分詞”，例如，give的被動(dòng)式，就應(yīng)該是be given。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞"構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也如此。
一起來(lái)看看下面幾個(gè)句子。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) He cleans the room .
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) The room is cleaned by him.
否定句 The room isn’t cleaned by him.
疑問(wèn)句 Is the room cleaned by him?
2. was covered with... 覆蓋......
例句： The roof is covered with snow.
屋頂被雪覆蓋了。
3. What I saw made me very sad.
句中的主語(yǔ)what I saw 是一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
例句：What I did surprised him.
他對(duì)我的行為感到驚訝。
4. I found a sign which said...
這里的said不當(dāng)“說(shuō)”講，而是“寫著......”。
例句：It is said on the blackboard that the homework should be handed in before Tuesday.
黑板上寫著作業(yè)必須在周二前交。