Q：Argument的具體性指令有哪些?
A：Argument的具體性指令主要有8種，分別是：
1. Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument. 這個(gè)具體指令中不需要寫(xiě)出前提，重點(diǎn)是分析有哪些具體的例證可以削弱和加強(qiáng)該結(jié)論。
2. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted. 該具體指令要求重點(diǎn)分析前提條件，然后分析怎么削弱或加強(qiáng)這個(gè)前提條件。并且需要分析沒(méi)有假設(shè)前提會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么結(jié)果。該指令出現(xiàn)以下若干變形：
3. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation. 該指令還是要求進(jìn)行前提條件分析。但這里需要的是問(wèn)問(wèn)題，把前提條件變成問(wèn)句即可。比如前提是“20年間該地區(qū)人口沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化”，如果我們要來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)這個(gè)推理是否合適，可以提出這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：”20年間該地區(qū)人口是否一直沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化呢?“
4. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the advice and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the advice. 該指令與3類(lèi)似，只不過(guò)是recommendation換成了advice。
5. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation. 該指令與3類(lèi)似，這里探討的是建議是否能夠達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。
6. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction. 該指令與3類(lèi)似，區(qū)別在于分析預(yù)測(cè)及其論證是否合理。
7. Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation (s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument. 這個(gè)具體指令重點(diǎn)在于分析其他可能性，也就是有什么其他的可能導(dǎo)致該結(jié)果。如果在論證時(shí)可以找到其他原因，就可以削弱原來(lái)的推理過(guò)程。
8. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be addressed in order to decide whether the conclusion and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to the questions would help to evaluate the conclusion. 該指令還是問(wèn)問(wèn)題，不過(guò)關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)在結(jié)論，即要論證結(jié)論及其推理是否合理。
A：Argument的具體性指令主要有8種，分別是：
1. Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument. 這個(gè)具體指令中不需要寫(xiě)出前提，重點(diǎn)是分析有哪些具體的例證可以削弱和加強(qiáng)該結(jié)論。
2. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted. 該具體指令要求重點(diǎn)分析前提條件，然后分析怎么削弱或加強(qiáng)這個(gè)前提條件。并且需要分析沒(méi)有假設(shè)前提會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么結(jié)果。該指令出現(xiàn)以下若干變形：
3. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation. 該指令還是要求進(jìn)行前提條件分析。但這里需要的是問(wèn)問(wèn)題，把前提條件變成問(wèn)句即可。比如前提是“20年間該地區(qū)人口沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化”，如果我們要來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)這個(gè)推理是否合適，可以提出這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：”20年間該地區(qū)人口是否一直沒(méi)有發(fā)生變化呢?“
4. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the advice and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the advice. 該指令與3類(lèi)似，只不過(guò)是recommendation換成了advice。
5. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation. 該指令與3類(lèi)似，這里探討的是建議是否能夠達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。
6. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction. 該指令與3類(lèi)似，區(qū)別在于分析預(yù)測(cè)及其論證是否合理。
7. Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation (s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument. 這個(gè)具體指令重點(diǎn)在于分析其他可能性，也就是有什么其他的可能導(dǎo)致該結(jié)果。如果在論證時(shí)可以找到其他原因，就可以削弱原來(lái)的推理過(guò)程。
8. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be addressed in order to decide whether the conclusion and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to the questions would help to evaluate the conclusion. 該指令還是問(wèn)問(wèn)題，不過(guò)關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)在結(jié)論，即要論證結(jié)論及其推理是否合理。