【課文】
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture?
Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimension. That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind. The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensonal distances. But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.
This is what the sculptor must do. He must strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head-he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.
And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird. And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms.
HENRY MOORE The Sculptor Speaks from The Listener
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
auditory adj. 聽(tīng)覺(jué)的
colour-blind adj. 色盲的
perception n. 知覺(jué)
comprehend v. 理解
spatial adj. 空間
visualize v. 使具形象，設(shè)想
reminiscence n. 回憶，聯(lián)想
tadpole n. 蝌蚪
mushroom n. 蘑菇
carrot n. 胡蘿卜
bud n. 花蕾
lark n. 云雀
ladybird n. 瓢蟲
bulrush n. 蘆葦
【課文注釋】
1.respond to 響應(yīng)， 對(duì) … 起反應(yīng)
例句：He resolved to respond to the call of the Party.
他決心響應(yīng)黨的號(hào)召。
The patient did not respond to treatment.
病人經(jīng)治療后未見(jiàn)起色。
2.form-blind, 這是作者仿照colour-blind生造的一個(gè)詞，意指“形盲”。
3.distinguish vt. 區(qū)別， 辨認(rèn)， 使顯著
例句：Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.
人類和動(dòng)物的區(qū)別在于人會(huì)說(shuō)話。
She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery.
她因頭腦冷靜、敢作敢為而為人稱道。
【詞義辨析】
discern, discriminate, distinguish這些動(dòng)詞均有“區(qū)別、辨別”之意。
discern: 語(yǔ)義較籠統(tǒng)，著重精深與準(zhǔn)確的觀察力，不一定有能力辨別關(guān)系密切的各項(xiàng)事物。
discriminate: 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，指從十分相似的事物中辨出差異，尤其把好壞區(qū)分開來(lái)。
distinguish: 普通用詞，指辨別者的能力或?qū)嶋H觀察到的區(qū)別，強(qiáng)調(diào)辨別所需的技巧。
4.two-dimensional 二維的
5.comprehend vt. 充分理解， 領(lǐng)悟， 包括
例句：I cannot comprehend this phrase.
我無(wú)法理解這個(gè)片語(yǔ)。
If you can use a word correctly and effectively you comprehend it.
你如果可以正確有效地使用一個(gè)詞，你就是了解它了。
【詞義辨析】
know, learn, comprehend, understand這些動(dòng)詞都含“懂、知道、明了”之意。
know: 普通用詞，多指通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)或他人傳播而得到知識(shí)，含直接知道的意味。
learn: 通常指通過(guò)他人而獲得消息或情況，側(cè)重從不知到知的變化過(guò)程。
comprehend: 側(cè)重熟悉了解的過(guò)程。
understand: 指對(duì)事物已有徹底的認(rèn)識(shí)，不僅知其性質(zhì)、含義和細(xì)節(jié)，而且了解其內(nèi)外的關(guān)系。
understand, comprehend, appreciate, apprehend, grasp這些動(dòng)詞均有“理解”之意。
understand: 一般用詞，很常用，指對(duì)事實(shí)或意義知道得很清楚。
comprehend: 較正式用詞，指對(duì)較復(fù)雜的事物能透徹理解其意義。
appreciate: 欣賞，指對(duì)某事物或意義有正確的認(rèn)識(shí)，對(duì)其價(jià)值的肯定。
apprehend: 指知道某事物或某觀念的大概意義，但未能理解其內(nèi)涵意義，暗含一知半解意味。
grasp: 從本義抓緊、抓住，引申作“理解、掌握”。
6.in its full spatial existence 存在于空間的整個(gè)(形體)。
spatial adj. 空間的
例句：Fluctuations are spatial and temporal in character.
這種波動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)是空間性和瞬時(shí)性的。
7.strive to 爭(zhēng)取， 追求
例句：Let us strive, I beseech you,--let us strive to be cheerful.
讓我們奮斗吧，我求求你——讓我們用奮斗去尋找快樂(lè)吧。
8.as it were 可以說(shuō)是
例句：He is my best friend, my brother, as it were.
他是我好的朋友，可以說(shuō)是我的兄弟。
He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.
他可說(shuō)是個(gè)活字典。
9.whatever its size, 這是一個(gè)省略了may be的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
10.visualize v. 使 … 看得見(jiàn)，形象化，設(shè)想
例句： I remember meeting him but I just can't visualize him.
我記得我見(jiàn)過(guò)他，可就是想不起他的樣子了。
11.from all round itself 從它的各個(gè)角度構(gòu)想。
12.identify vt. 鑒定， 識(shí)別， 認(rèn)明
例句：Can you identify your umbrella among this lot?
你能在這些傘中認(rèn)出你自己的傘嗎?
One can not identify happiness with wealth.
幸福和財(cái)富不能混為一談。
【詞義辨析】
identify, recognize, make out這些動(dòng)詞均含“認(rèn)出、識(shí)別”之意。
identify: 指辨別、確定人的身份或物品的歸屬等。
recognize: 指所辨認(rèn)的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。
make out: 通常指通過(guò)人的感覺(jué)器官來(lái)辨別事物。
【錯(cuò)句舉例與錯(cuò)句分析】
錯(cuò)句：The police identified Mary.
訂正：The police identified her as Mary.
翻譯：警察認(rèn)出她是瑪麗。
分析：identify指“識(shí)別，鑒別”時(shí)，與介詞as連用。
13.centre of gravity 重心
14.reminiscence n. 回想，回憶，記憶力
例句：He has a pleasant reminiscence of his college life.
他對(duì)大學(xué)生活有著幸福的回憶。
15.apart from 缺少，除……以外，且不說(shuō)
例句：It's a good piece of work, apart from a few slight faults.
除了一些小缺點(diǎn)之外，這不失為一件漂亮的工作。
【參考譯文】
對(duì)雕塑的鑒賞力取決于對(duì)立體的反應(yīng)能力。雕塑被說(shuō)成是所有藝術(shù)中難的藝術(shù)，可能就是這個(gè)道理。欣賞雕塑品當(dāng)然比欣賞平面的藝術(shù)品要難?！靶蚊ぁ钡娜藬?shù)比“色盲”的人數(shù)要多得多。正在學(xué)看東西的兒童起初只會(huì)分辨二維形態(tài)，不會(huì)判斷距離和深度。慢慢地，由于自身安全和實(shí)際需要，兒童必須發(fā)展(部分通過(guò)觸覺(jué))粗略判斷三維空間距離的能力。但是。大部分人在滿足了實(shí)際需要后，就不再繼續(xù)發(fā)展這種能力了。雖然他們對(duì)平面形式的感覺(jué)能達(dá)到相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的程度，但他們沒(méi)有在智力和感情上進(jìn)一步努力去理解存在于空間的整個(gè)形態(tài)。
而雕塑家就必須做到這一點(diǎn)。他必須勤于想像并且利用形體在空間中的完整性。可以說(shuō)，當(dāng)他想像一個(gè)物體時(shí)，不管其大小如何，他腦子里得到的是一個(gè)立體的概念，就好像完全握在自己手心里一樣。他的大腦能從物體周圍的各個(gè)角度勾畫出其復(fù)雜的形象，他看物體的一邊時(shí)，便知道另一邊是個(gè)什么樣子。他把自身和物體重心、質(zhì)量、重量融為一體。他能意識(shí)到物體的體積，那就是它的形狀在空氣中所占的空間。
因此，敏銳的雕塑觀賞者也必須學(xué)會(huì)把形體作為形體來(lái)感覺(jué)，不要靠描述和印象去想象。以鳥蛋為例。觀賞者必須感覺(jué)到它是一個(gè)單一的實(shí)體形態(tài)，而完全不靠它的食用意義或它會(huì)變成鳥這樣的文字概念來(lái)感覺(jué)。對(duì)于其他實(shí)體，如，貝殼、核桃、李子、梨子、蝌蚪、蘑菇、山峰、腎臟、胡蘿卜、樹干、鳥兒、花蕾、云雀、瓢蟲、蘆葦以及骨頭也應(yīng)這樣來(lái)感覺(jué)。從這些形體出發(fā)，觀賞者可進(jìn)一步觀察更為復(fù)雜的形體或若干形體的組合。
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽(tīng)錄音，然后回答以下問(wèn)題。
What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture?
Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimension. That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind. The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensonal distances. But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.
This is what the sculptor must do. He must strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head-he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.
And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird. And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms or combinations of several forms.
HENRY MOORE The Sculptor Speaks from The Listener
【New words and expressions 生詞和短語(yǔ)】
auditory adj. 聽(tīng)覺(jué)的
colour-blind adj. 色盲的
perception n. 知覺(jué)
comprehend v. 理解
spatial adj. 空間
visualize v. 使具形象，設(shè)想
reminiscence n. 回憶，聯(lián)想
tadpole n. 蝌蚪
mushroom n. 蘑菇
carrot n. 胡蘿卜
bud n. 花蕾
lark n. 云雀
ladybird n. 瓢蟲
bulrush n. 蘆葦
【課文注釋】
1.respond to 響應(yīng)， 對(duì) … 起反應(yīng)
例句：He resolved to respond to the call of the Party.
他決心響應(yīng)黨的號(hào)召。
The patient did not respond to treatment.
病人經(jīng)治療后未見(jiàn)起色。
2.form-blind, 這是作者仿照colour-blind生造的一個(gè)詞，意指“形盲”。
3.distinguish vt. 區(qū)別， 辨認(rèn)， 使顯著
例句：Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.
人類和動(dòng)物的區(qū)別在于人會(huì)說(shuō)話。
She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery.
她因頭腦冷靜、敢作敢為而為人稱道。
【詞義辨析】
discern, discriminate, distinguish這些動(dòng)詞均有“區(qū)別、辨別”之意。
discern: 語(yǔ)義較籠統(tǒng)，著重精深與準(zhǔn)確的觀察力，不一定有能力辨別關(guān)系密切的各項(xiàng)事物。
discriminate: 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，指從十分相似的事物中辨出差異，尤其把好壞區(qū)分開來(lái)。
distinguish: 普通用詞，指辨別者的能力或?qū)嶋H觀察到的區(qū)別，強(qiáng)調(diào)辨別所需的技巧。
4.two-dimensional 二維的
5.comprehend vt. 充分理解， 領(lǐng)悟， 包括
例句：I cannot comprehend this phrase.
我無(wú)法理解這個(gè)片語(yǔ)。
If you can use a word correctly and effectively you comprehend it.
你如果可以正確有效地使用一個(gè)詞，你就是了解它了。
【詞義辨析】
know, learn, comprehend, understand這些動(dòng)詞都含“懂、知道、明了”之意。
know: 普通用詞，多指通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)或他人傳播而得到知識(shí)，含直接知道的意味。
learn: 通常指通過(guò)他人而獲得消息或情況，側(cè)重從不知到知的變化過(guò)程。
comprehend: 側(cè)重熟悉了解的過(guò)程。
understand: 指對(duì)事物已有徹底的認(rèn)識(shí)，不僅知其性質(zhì)、含義和細(xì)節(jié)，而且了解其內(nèi)外的關(guān)系。
understand, comprehend, appreciate, apprehend, grasp這些動(dòng)詞均有“理解”之意。
understand: 一般用詞，很常用，指對(duì)事實(shí)或意義知道得很清楚。
comprehend: 較正式用詞，指對(duì)較復(fù)雜的事物能透徹理解其意義。
appreciate: 欣賞，指對(duì)某事物或意義有正確的認(rèn)識(shí)，對(duì)其價(jià)值的肯定。
apprehend: 指知道某事物或某觀念的大概意義，但未能理解其內(nèi)涵意義，暗含一知半解意味。
grasp: 從本義抓緊、抓住，引申作“理解、掌握”。
6.in its full spatial existence 存在于空間的整個(gè)(形體)。
spatial adj. 空間的
例句：Fluctuations are spatial and temporal in character.
這種波動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)是空間性和瞬時(shí)性的。
7.strive to 爭(zhēng)取， 追求
例句：Let us strive, I beseech you,--let us strive to be cheerful.
讓我們奮斗吧，我求求你——讓我們用奮斗去尋找快樂(lè)吧。
8.as it were 可以說(shuō)是
例句：He is my best friend, my brother, as it were.
他是我好的朋友，可以說(shuō)是我的兄弟。
He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.
他可說(shuō)是個(gè)活字典。
9.whatever its size, 這是一個(gè)省略了may be的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
10.visualize v. 使 … 看得見(jiàn)，形象化，設(shè)想
例句： I remember meeting him but I just can't visualize him.
我記得我見(jiàn)過(guò)他，可就是想不起他的樣子了。
11.from all round itself 從它的各個(gè)角度構(gòu)想。
12.identify vt. 鑒定， 識(shí)別， 認(rèn)明
例句：Can you identify your umbrella among this lot?
你能在這些傘中認(rèn)出你自己的傘嗎?
One can not identify happiness with wealth.
幸福和財(cái)富不能混為一談。
【詞義辨析】
identify, recognize, make out這些動(dòng)詞均含“認(rèn)出、識(shí)別”之意。
identify: 指辨別、確定人的身份或物品的歸屬等。
recognize: 指所辨認(rèn)的人或物多是以前所熟悉的。
make out: 通常指通過(guò)人的感覺(jué)器官來(lái)辨別事物。
【錯(cuò)句舉例與錯(cuò)句分析】
錯(cuò)句：The police identified Mary.
訂正：The police identified her as Mary.
翻譯：警察認(rèn)出她是瑪麗。
分析：identify指“識(shí)別，鑒別”時(shí)，與介詞as連用。
13.centre of gravity 重心
14.reminiscence n. 回想，回憶，記憶力
例句：He has a pleasant reminiscence of his college life.
他對(duì)大學(xué)生活有著幸福的回憶。
15.apart from 缺少，除……以外，且不說(shuō)
例句：It's a good piece of work, apart from a few slight faults.
除了一些小缺點(diǎn)之外，這不失為一件漂亮的工作。
【參考譯文】
對(duì)雕塑的鑒賞力取決于對(duì)立體的反應(yīng)能力。雕塑被說(shuō)成是所有藝術(shù)中難的藝術(shù)，可能就是這個(gè)道理。欣賞雕塑品當(dāng)然比欣賞平面的藝術(shù)品要難?！靶蚊ぁ钡娜藬?shù)比“色盲”的人數(shù)要多得多。正在學(xué)看東西的兒童起初只會(huì)分辨二維形態(tài)，不會(huì)判斷距離和深度。慢慢地，由于自身安全和實(shí)際需要，兒童必須發(fā)展(部分通過(guò)觸覺(jué))粗略判斷三維空間距離的能力。但是。大部分人在滿足了實(shí)際需要后，就不再繼續(xù)發(fā)展這種能力了。雖然他們對(duì)平面形式的感覺(jué)能達(dá)到相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的程度，但他們沒(méi)有在智力和感情上進(jìn)一步努力去理解存在于空間的整個(gè)形態(tài)。
而雕塑家就必須做到這一點(diǎn)。他必須勤于想像并且利用形體在空間中的完整性。可以說(shuō)，當(dāng)他想像一個(gè)物體時(shí)，不管其大小如何，他腦子里得到的是一個(gè)立體的概念，就好像完全握在自己手心里一樣。他的大腦能從物體周圍的各個(gè)角度勾畫出其復(fù)雜的形象，他看物體的一邊時(shí)，便知道另一邊是個(gè)什么樣子。他把自身和物體重心、質(zhì)量、重量融為一體。他能意識(shí)到物體的體積，那就是它的形狀在空氣中所占的空間。
因此，敏銳的雕塑觀賞者也必須學(xué)會(huì)把形體作為形體來(lái)感覺(jué)，不要靠描述和印象去想象。以鳥蛋為例。觀賞者必須感覺(jué)到它是一個(gè)單一的實(shí)體形態(tài)，而完全不靠它的食用意義或它會(huì)變成鳥這樣的文字概念來(lái)感覺(jué)。對(duì)于其他實(shí)體，如，貝殼、核桃、李子、梨子、蝌蚪、蘑菇、山峰、腎臟、胡蘿卜、樹干、鳥兒、花蕾、云雀、瓢蟲、蘆葦以及骨頭也應(yīng)這樣來(lái)感覺(jué)。從這些形體出發(fā)，觀賞者可進(jìn)一步觀察更為復(fù)雜的形體或若干形體的組合。