托福閱讀中的問句與托福閱讀答題的關(guān)系

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    托福閱讀中的問句與托福閱讀答題的關(guān)系
     
    我們知道一般提出問題后,緊接著后面的句子是問題的回答或者答案,但是托福閱讀文章中也有好多句子不是那種自問自答式,而是反而對(duì)問題的進(jìn)一步解釋從而加強(qiáng)疑問,在解題中如果能分清句子是在回答問題還是加強(qiáng)疑問,便可迅速提高做托福閱讀試題效率和準(zhǔn)確率。
    1 自問自答式也就是提出問題,后面句子給予回答,這個(gè)很簡單,一般都不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。在這里就不一一列舉了。
    2 加強(qiáng)疑問
    Example 1 TPO5-3 The Cambrian Explosion
    Paragraph 2: Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself.
    譯文:科學(xué)家提出的一些問題。為什么Cambrian Explosion在地球歷史這么晚的時(shí)候才發(fā)生?相比生命的起源,多細(xì)胞動(dòng)物的起源應(yīng)該是很簡單的一步才對(duì)。
    很顯然,這問號(hào)問句后面的句子不是在回答為什么出現(xiàn)晚的問題,反而是進(jìn)一步在追問和強(qiáng)調(diào)問題,既然多細(xì)胞動(dòng)物的起源相比生命起源更簡單,為什么還那么晚出現(xiàn)呢?進(jìn)一步質(zhì)疑。
    Example 2 TPO8-2 Extinction of the Dinosaurs
    Paragraph 3: If true, though, why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature. It’s hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were warm-blooded.
    譯文:如果真是這樣(極端溫度變化導(dǎo)致了恐龍的滅絕),那么為什么冷血?jiǎng)游?,比如蛇類、蜥蜴、烏龜和鱷魚卻能夠幸免于寒冬和酷夏呢?這些動(dòng)物都是依賴于氣溫以使其身體保持適合生存的溫度。很難理解它們?yōu)槭裁春敛皇苡绊懀欢铸垍s如此的無能以至于無法適應(yīng),尤其是有些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為恐龍是熱血?jiǎng)游铩?BR>    理解了句子含義,解題便很簡單了,如下所示Q3。
    Q3. Why does the author mention the survival of “snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles” in paragraph 3?
    ○To argue that dinosaurs may have become extinct because they were not cold-blooded animals
    ○To question the adequacy of the hypothesis that climatic change related to sea levels caused the extinction of the dinosaurs
    ○To present examples of animals that could maintain a livable body temperature more easily than dinosaurs
    ○To support a hypothesis that these animals were not as sensitive to climate changes in the Cretaceous period as they are today
    托福閱讀解析:題目問問為什么作者要提及蛇,蜥蜴,海龜和鱷魚的幸存。先通過snakes, lizards, turtles and crocodiles定位到段首句,這句說如果是對(duì)的,那么為什么這些動(dòng)物可以在寒冬炎夏幸存呢。If true,說的是之前的內(nèi)容,也就是上一段說的極端氣候變化引起恐龍滅絕的理論如果是對(duì)的,though表示轉(zhuǎn)折,所以通過這個(gè)問句,可以看出來,如果理論是對(duì)的,那么這些動(dòng)物也該滅絕了,既然它們幸存了,那說明是理論有問題,所以這句提出的問題就是在質(zhì)疑前文觀點(diǎn)的可靠性,答案選B。
    A選項(xiàng)恐龍不是冷血?jiǎng)游锼圆艤缃^了,錯(cuò)誤,原文表達(dá)的是冷血?jiǎng)游飳?duì)氣候更敏感,更不容易活,既然它們都活下來了,那理論就有問題了。
    C說冷血?jiǎng)游锉瓤铸埜菀妆3稚眢w溫度,錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)該是更難才對(duì)。
    D選項(xiàng)說冷血?jiǎng)游飳?duì)氣候變化不如恐龍敏感,錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)該是更敏感才對(duì)。
    

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