2017年成人高考專(zhuān)升本英語(yǔ)詞匯知識(shí)梳理:形容詞

字號(hào):

一、形容詞在句子中的作用
    1、形容詞在句子中可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
    A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)行為規(guī)矩。(定語(yǔ))
    I like this red dress very much.(定語(yǔ))
    She is beautiful. (表語(yǔ))
    The patient is asleep. (表語(yǔ))
    Who has got the window open? (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
    I've got everything ready for the class. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
    I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen.(獨(dú)立成分)
    2、大多數(shù)形容詞既可作定語(yǔ)又可作表語(yǔ),但有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)。
    This is a red dress. The dress is red.
    二、副詞在句子中的作用
    副詞在句子中主要作狀語(yǔ),可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,有時(shí)修飾整個(gè)句子。
    Unfortunately, he wasn't at home when I came. (修飾整個(gè)句子)
    Luckily, she wasn't injured in the accident.(修飾整個(gè)句子)
    Her pronunciation is very good.(修飾形容詞)
    I can hardly agree with you.(修飾動(dòng)詞)
    He works terribly (quite) hard. (修飾副詞)
    alike, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, aware, alive, ashamed, unable, content.
    三、形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)和級(jí)的構(gòu)成
    1.單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞(如以y結(jié)尾的)在詞尾加-er , -est.
    如:small, smaller, smallest; great, greater, greatest; clever, cleverer, cleverest; quiet, quieter, quietest ; common, commoner, commonest; narrow, narrower, narrowest.
    2、以e結(jié)尾的詞加-r , -st .
    如:larger, larger , largest ; simple, simpler , simplest ; polite, politer , politest; brave, braver, bravest; fine, finer, finest.
    3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i 再加-er , -est .
    如:busy,busier, busiest; heavy,heavier, heaviest; happy,happier, happiest.
    4、以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母,再加-er, -est .(一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾;重讀閉音節(jié))
    如:big,bigger, biggest; thin,thinner, thinnest; hot,hotter, hottest.
    雙音節(jié)詞,多音節(jié)詞比較級(jí)和級(jí)在詞前加more, most.
    如:difficult, more difficult, most difficult, interesting, more interesting, most interesting; useful, more useful, most useful.