In the early 1950’s，historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began， for the first time in large numbers，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.
= In the early 1950’s/，historians/ who studied preindustrial Europe/ (which we may define here as Europe/ in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800)/ began/， for the first time/ in large numbers/，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population/ than the 2 or 3 percent/ who comprised the political and social elite/：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates/ who had hitherto/ usually filled history books.
#在二十世紀(jì)五十年代早期/，史學(xué)家們/研究前工業(yè)時代歐洲的/(我們可將其定義為歐洲/這一時期的約自1300至1800)/開始/，首次/很多人/，調(diào)查前工業(yè)時代歐洲人口/超出于百分之二或三的/那些人口(百分之二或三的)構(gòu)成了政治與社會精英/：國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方官/，他們曾經(jīng)充斥于史學(xué)著作。