2017小升初英語語法名詞性從句知識:名詞性從句基礎(chǔ)

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一、名詞性從句的基本概念
    在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句,包括作主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。
    (1)主語從句
    就是在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句。主語從句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引導(dǎo)。如:
    Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否來還是問題。
    That China is a great socialist country is well known. 眾所周知,中國是一個偉大的社會主義國家。
    注:為避免頭重腳輕,使句子平衡,常用it作形式主語,而將主語從句后置。如上述第二例常說成:
    It is well known that China is a great socialist country.
    但是,由連接代詞what, whatever, whoever等引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般不能用形式主語。如:
    What he found surprised me greatly. 他的發(fā)現(xiàn)使我非常吃驚。
    Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
    (2)表語從句
    就是在連系動詞之后作表語的從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接除與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞外,還有as if, as though。如:
    The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 問題是他能否單獨做這件事。
    It looks as if (though) it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
    注意:要區(qū)分以下句式:
    1. that’s why+結(jié)果;that’s because+原因。2. the reason why /for…is that…
    He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席,這是因為他生病了。
    He is ill. That’s why he is absent. 他病了,這就是他缺席的原因。
    The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。
    (3)賓語從句
    就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的從句。引導(dǎo)這賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞基本相同。如:
    They didn’t say which they wanted. 他們沒有說他們想要哪一個。
    I am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永遠(yuǎn)不會受傷害。
    I was surprised at what has happened.我對發(fā)生的事感到驚訝。
    注意:當(dāng)think, believe, suppose等的疑問式后面跟連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,習(xí)慣上將這些連接詞置于句首,即“連接代/副詞+do you think /believe /expect+賓語從句的其余部分?”如:
    Who do you think is the best player this year? 你認(rèn)為今年誰是運動員?
    What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放學(xué)后干什么?
    (4)同位語從句
    就是在句中作同位語的從句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word(=news), plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名詞的后面,說明這些詞的具體內(nèi)容或含義。同位語從句大多由that引導(dǎo),也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引導(dǎo),但不能由which引導(dǎo)。如:
    The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地球是圓的”這種觀點并不新鮮。
    He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意此事這們一問題。
    I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什么時候出發(fā)。
    注:有時,同位語從句并不緊跟在它所說明的詞的后面。如:
    The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 真相終于大白了,他原來是一只披羊皮的狼。