2017中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)

語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)：直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)屬于賓語(yǔ)從句范疇。直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語(yǔ);用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，或引用自己說(shuō)過(guò)的話，叫間接引語(yǔ)。由 于時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)以及人物都有可能起變化，所以間接引語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、語(yǔ)序、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。
    　1. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換方法
    　① 間接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序
    　陳述句用 that 引導(dǎo)，口語(yǔ)中常省略 She said，例：
    　“I am going to the cinema. ”
    　→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.
    ?、?一般疑問(wèn)句
    　用if/whether連接，例：
    　“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.
    　→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.
    　③ 反意疑問(wèn)句
    　用if/whether連接，例：
    　He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”
    　→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.
    　④ 特殊疑問(wèn)句
    　由原疑問(wèn)詞連接(如疑問(wèn)代詞是主語(yǔ)，不要改變語(yǔ)序)，例：
    　He asked, “Who will come to help us?”
    　→ He asked who would come to help them.
    　She said, “Where have you been， Simon?”
    　→ She asked Simon where he had been.
    ?、?選擇疑問(wèn)句
    　由 whether…or 引導(dǎo)，例：
    　Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”
    　→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.
    ?、?祈使句
    　用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 結(jié)構(gòu)，將動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式，例：
    　“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.
    　→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.
    　“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.
    　→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.