答案與解析:
1. 分析文章主題:the placebo(安慰劑) effect(影響, 作用,結(jié)果,實(shí)現(xiàn))
文章主題詞:placebo, effect
2. 直接解題:
Placebo(安慰劑) is a Latin(拉丁文的, 拉丁文) word(單詞, 話語, 消息). It means(意味著) “I shall please(喜歡, 愿意, 使高興)”. And sometimes(有時候) it just(僅僅, 公正的, 正確的) might(可能)(mean “I shall please” ).
1. A. in B. to C. into D. for
When scientists(科學(xué)家) want to test(測試) a new drug, they usually(通常) divide (分, 劃分)a large number of (許多)people __1__ two groups(組, 群).
1. C. divide...into.../把...分成...
2. A. named(命名, 指定, 名字)B. called(呼叫, 命名, 打電話, 喊聲, 打電話) C. referred(談及,查閱) D. known (知道,知名的)
One group takes the medicine(吃藥), the other(另一組) takes a substance(物質(zhì)) __2__ as a placebo(安慰劑).
2.D.known as.../被稱為...
name/call A B / 稱A為B
e.g. We call/name him Tom. 我們叫他Tom.
refer to A as B 把A稱為B
e.g. He referred to his sister(姐,妹) as a stupid(愚蠢的) girl(女孩).
補(bǔ)充:
take/use drugs/吸毒
It may contain(包含) nothing more than (僅僅)sugar(糖). The people do not know(知道) which(哪個/哪種) pill(藥丸) they are taking(服用), the active(起作用的, 積極的) one (pill) or the inactive (不起作用的, 不活躍的)one.
3. A. better (更好地) B. worse (更糟糕地)
C. more weakly(虛弱地, 軟弱地) D. more slowly(緩慢地)
In this kind of (這種)experiment(試驗), the medicine must perform(表現(xiàn),表演, 執(zhí)行) __3__ than the placebo(安慰劑) to prove (證明)it is effective(有效的, 給人留下深刻印象的).
3.A. 該句說“在這種試驗中,藥物應(yīng)該比安慰劑表現(xiàn)得更...,以證明自己是有效的”, 因此判斷A(更好地)是答案。
Yet(然而,更), people who take a placebo, sometimes(有時) experience(經(jīng)歷,體驗到) improvements(改進(jìn), 進(jìn)步) in their health(健康).
4. A. which B. that C. what D. whatever
This is known as (被稱為)“the placebo effect”—the effect(效果,作用) of something __4__ is not supposed to (應(yīng)該)have any effect.
4.B. 空格所在的從句為定語從句?,F(xiàn)行詞為不定代詞(something, some, any, anything, all, little, etc)時引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞只能為that.
Some doctors even(甚至) use(使用) the placebo effect (安慰劑效應(yīng))in(在...的過程中) their treatments(治療). They might tell(告訴) patients(病人) that a new drug will stop their pain(止痛).
補(bǔ)充:
relieve/ease pains/緩解疼痛
sharp pains/劇烈的疼痛
5. A. active (能起作用的) B. inactive
C. effective (有效的) D. helpful(有幫助的,有益的)
The patient(病人) does not know(知道) that the pills(藥丸) are __5__.
5. B. 如果空格處的詞義為“起作用的”, 則C和D也能出現(xiàn)在空格中, 因此這三個選項彼此排除掉, 答案只能為B(不起作用的)。
6. A. gets(獲得,變得, 受到(懲罰), 染上(疾?。?B.buys(購買) C. takes (拿走, 占領(lǐng), 獲得) D. brings(帶來, 產(chǎn)生,引起)
The patient(病人) __6__ the pills and later(隨后,以后, 以后的) tells the doctor(醫(yī)生) that the pain is gone(離去的,死去的).
6. C。 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容和空格處的搭配(...the pills)判斷C(服用)是答案。