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2017年成人學(xué)位英語考試閱讀理解強(qiáng)化練習(xí)及答案二
Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.
Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.
Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.
1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it _____.
A. was difficult to collect
B. came in a variety of forms
C. was difficult to get rid of
D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects
參考答案：C 答案是開頭的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it. Dispose of “處理解決”。
2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?
A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.
B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.
C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.
D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.
參考答案：B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一種收集系統(tǒng)，它不但利用身體的熱，還收集由燈泡、冰箱等散發(fā)出來的熱。有了這兩種熱能，作者指出在校園中已無需任何conventional fuel。
3.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means _____.
A. if the winter is especially warm
B. during all of the year except the winter
C. in the winter as well as in other seasons
D. during the evenings in the winter
參考答案：C 第二段中說：大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代化的大樓有些部分-戲院、辦公室以及教室是用人體和燈光的熱來供熱的，有時(shí)候甚至在冬天的空調(diào)也是由它們來供熱。Even意為“甚至”。
4. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a _____.
A. method of concealing the source of heat
B. special form of air conditioning
C. supplementary hot water system
D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat
參考答案：D 回收再利用熱能。此題考察學(xué)生對(duì)全文的總結(jié)能力，以及reclaim和re-use的詞義。
5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?
A. A fat female who studies hard.
B. A thin female who does not study.
C. A fat male who does not study.
D. A thin male who studies hard.
參考答案：B 后一段倒數(shù)第二句說：男學(xué)生發(fā)出的熱量比女生發(fā)出的熱量多，學(xué)生體重越重產(chǎn)生的熱量越多。學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的比學(xué)習(xí)不刻苦的產(chǎn)生的熱量多。所以瘦的女生產(chǎn)生的熱量少。
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon—it's already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
6. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ______.
A. withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
B. obtain more convenient services than other people do
C. enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
D. cash money wherever he wishes to
參考答案：B)。短文第一段是關(guān)于信用卡(credit card)的。B項(xiàng)的根據(jù)是第一段中的They (credit cards) give their owners automatic credit in stores…和...can be read automatically.既然信用卡能在商店、餐館、旅店、家里、全國(guó)各地、甚至國(guó)外等各種場(chǎng)合自動(dòng)給予“信用”，那么信用卡持有人當(dāng)然會(huì)比其他得到更為方便的服務(wù)。A)是陪襯項(xiàng)，明顯不對(duì);C)項(xiàng)解釋錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations判斷D)項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。
7. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ______.
A. in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
B. credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
C. nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
D. it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
參考答案：C)。本題是語義理解題。第一段后一句意思是“對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來說，‘無現(xiàn)金的社會(huì)’不是在地平線上(即不是剛剛出現(xiàn)的新事物)，在這兒已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了”。句中many of us指我們?cè)S多美國(guó)人，it's already here中的it指cashless society，即“不用現(xiàn)金支付”。顯然C)項(xiàng)是這句話的含義。后一句話只談到cashless society的已經(jīng)存在，既推不出A)，也推不出B)。
8. The phrase "ring up sales" (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means ______.
A. make an order of goods
B. record sales on a cash register
C. call the sales manager
D. keep track of the goods in stock
參考答案：B)。本題考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義的能力。短語所在的句子是比較級(jí)句型，根據(jù)“比較對(duì)象一致”的原則可知，ring up sales與“電子現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)”electronic cash register屬于同類東西。又根據(jù)下文They can keep a wide range of records, including…，可知electronic cash register能記許多東西，提供各種銷售信息，從這兩方面可猜測(cè)B項(xiàng)是ring up sales的意思，即現(xiàn)金收錄記錄機(jī)，一種功能單一的現(xiàn)金出納機(jī)。A)項(xiàng)解釋毫無根據(jù)，C)項(xiàng)離得太遠(yuǎn)，D)項(xiàng)是electronic cash register的功能之一。故B)為佳答案。
9. The second paragraph focuses upon the purpose of ______.
A. giving some specific examples of how businessmen rely on computers
B. convincing us how useful computers are to sellers
C. conveying computers are derived from promotion campaign
D. supporting the idea that we rely on computers completely
參考答案：B)。題干問“第二段的主要用途是什么”?A)項(xiàng)為了提供一些商人怎樣依賴于電腦的確切例子;B)項(xiàng)為了使我們相信計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)商人有多么重要;C)項(xiàng)表明計(jì)算機(jī)起源于推銷運(yùn)動(dòng);D)項(xiàng)為了證明我們完全依賴于電腦。縱觀全文可知，通篇第二段在講計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)商人的種種用途，因此，答案為B)。
10. What is this passage mainly about?
A. Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
B. Conveniences brought about by computers in business.
C. Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.
D. Advantages of credit cards in business.
參考答案：B)。本題為中心思想測(cè)試題。第一段介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)使credit card持有人存款、存、支付等極其方便;第二段講計(jì)算機(jī)給銷售商帶來許多便利，第三段講了計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)用的廣泛性，而且都是商業(yè)方面的運(yùn)用，由此可知，本文主題思想應(yīng)為B)(計(jì)算機(jī)在商業(yè)中所帶來的好處)。A)項(xiàng)計(jì)算機(jī)的商用方法;C)項(xiàng)商業(yè)自動(dòng)化的重要性;D)項(xiàng)商業(yè)中信用卡的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。A)、C)、D)均不是本短文的主題思想。
Hillary Rodham Clinton released the first television spot of her Senate campaign this morning, a 30-second commercial that will begin airing statewide on Thursday. The spot, titled "First," uses numerous still photos to highlight landmarks in Mrs. Clinton's career, while the voiceover says she is "more than a fist lady."
There is no mention of Mrs. Clinton's rival for New York's Senate seat, New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.
Clinton campaign spokesman Howard Wolfson said the ad was "positive" and "biographical," instead of focusing on the first lady's opponent.
Mrs. Clinton has previously aired radio ads, but has generally stayed with a strategy of making extensive campaign appearances instead of using television spots, while Giuliani has already run statewide TV ads.
Text of Hillary Commercial:
First she became a lawyer, named one of the top hundred in America.
Her first cause was children, fighting abuse and chairing the board of the Children's Defense Fund.
Her first priority was public schools, helping to establish teacher testing.
More than a first lady. For 30 years, she's fought for children and families.
As New York's senator, she'll fight for better schools and heath care for children.
Hillary, Put her to work for all of us.
11. What does the word "air" in the first sentence mean?
A. dry
B. express
C. breathe
D. broadcast
參考答案：D
考點(diǎn)：該題是一個(gè)詞匯題
解析：本題提問的是第一段中的"air"是什么意思。由這句話我們可以得知，希拉里今天早晨發(fā)表了她競(jìng)選紐約州議員的電視宣傳;為時(shí)30分鐘的電視宣傳將于星期二開始進(jìn)行全國(guó)播放。由該句的意思我們可以猜出“air”的意思為“播放”。所以，答案為D.而其他三個(gè)詞A(曬干)，B(表達(dá))和C(呼吸)均與原義不符，故不能入選。
12. What does "more than first lady" in the first paragraph suggest?
A. Hillary is not a first lady.
B. Hillary does much more than what a first lady is expected to do.
C. There are more women in America who does better than Hillary does.
D. Hillary is doing better than her husband.
參考答案：B
考點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)理解判斷題。
解析：本題提問的是第一段里"more than first lady"是什么意思。在世界各地，第一夫人作為國(guó)家元首的妻子，是一國(guó)之母，她的形象一般是一個(gè)幫助總統(tǒng)處理好家務(wù)，并且進(jìn)行一些婦女活動(dòng)和慈善事業(yè)，借此來提高元首的形象。但是，希拉里作為第一夫人，她所做的超出了第一夫人的職責(zé)。她不但在社會(huì)活動(dòng)中經(jīng)常露臉，而且直接參與政事，開始競(jìng)選起議員來了。所以，選項(xiàng)B應(yīng)該是該題的答案。
13.Which of the following statement is true regarding the Senator campaign according the passage?
A. Hillary has appeared on TV shot for mumerous times.
B. Hillary rarely makes her public appearance.
C. Giuliani has made TV advertisement for himself.
D. Hillary has a bigger chance to win the campaign.
參考答案：C
考點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)對(duì)原文事實(shí)的理解題。
解析：本題提問的是對(duì)此次參議院競(jìng)選，以下哪一個(gè)說法是正確的。文章的第四段告訴我們，希拉里以前曾經(jīng)在廣播上作過宣傳，但是她一直采取的戰(zhàn)略是頻頻在公眾場(chǎng)合出現(xiàn)，而不是使用電視宣傳;與她不同的是，Giuliani已作過全國(guó)電視宣傳。由該段可知，選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。從文章的第一句話我們可以得知，這是希拉里第在電視上為自己作宣傳，所以，選項(xiàng)A和B不符合原文;此次議員競(jìng)選，花落誰手尚未分曉，所以，選項(xiàng)D也不能入選。
14. Hillary's campaign focuses on all the flooowing except_____.
A. children's health care
B. school education for children
C. combating child abuse
D. family planning policy
參考答案：D
考點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)對(duì)原文細(xì)節(jié)的分析判斷題。
解析：本題提問的是以下哪一下不是希拉里的競(jìng)選重點(diǎn)。希拉里的競(jìng)選廣告在文章的后幾段里;它的重點(diǎn)是學(xué)校教育;作者評(píng)論道，在過去的30年里，希拉里一直都在為兒童和家庭的幸福斗爭(zhēng)。將來當(dāng)了紐約的參議員，她會(huì)為孩子們的良好教育和健康保險(xiǎn)而努力;由此我們得知，選項(xiàng)A(兒童健康保險(xiǎn))B(兒童的學(xué)校教育)和C(打擊虐待兒童現(xiàn)象)都是她的競(jìng)選重點(diǎn)，只有選項(xiàng)D(計(jì)劃生育政策)與原文不合，所以，D為本題答案。
15.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?
A. First Lady's Senator Campaign
B. Hillary's TV Advertisement
C. A Rivalry for New York's Senate Seat
D. The Focuses of Hillary Campaign
參考答案：A
考點(diǎn)：該題是一個(gè)主旨題，考的是文章的題目應(yīng)該是哪一個(gè)。
解析：本文從第一夫人希拉里-克林頓為其入選紐約參議員拉開序幕講起，對(duì)目前的競(jìng)選狀況作了一個(gè)大概介紹，并且對(duì)希拉里的競(jìng)選內(nèi)容作了一個(gè)介紹，同時(shí)，作者表達(dá)了他自己的觀點(diǎn);整篇文章以介紹她的競(jìng)選情況為主，所以，選項(xiàng)A(第一夫人競(jìng)選參議員)用以概括全文為全面，因此，為正確答案。
For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their main enemy is the sea. A large part if the country is below sea level. In fact, Holland is also called the "Netherlands" which means "low land." Very tall and strong walls, called dykes, have built to keep out the sea. But in very rough weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke. Great damage can be caused by floods when this happens.
Three large rivers are also part of the problem. These rivers are the Rhine, the Maas and the Scheldt. They flow through Holland into the North Sea. They have cut many passages across the country. At low tides, the rivers flow into the sea as usual. But at high tide, the sea can flow into the rivers! This is because the land is so low.
The battles against the water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and bigger country. In order to prevent floods, the engineers take, or reclaim, land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for seven hundred years.
Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between islands. Two dykes are built across the passage, so they block the water between them. Then the engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide, the canals empty the water into the sea.
Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. For this reason, the pumps continue working even the land has been drained (that is, when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates, and through these the water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland, pumps must be working all the time. If they stopped, there will be very bad floods.
A piece of reclaimed land is called polder, and Holland has thousands of polders. Some are very large, but others are quite small. There are farms on many of the polders. Corn and other crops grow well on the drained land, and it gives good grass for cattle. Many small towns and villages stand on polders. Even Amsterdam's great airport, Schiphol, was built on reclaimed land. This land used to be under the old Lake Haarlem.
16.Water is the main threat to Holland because _____.
A. the sea is too rough
B.the land is lower than the sea
C.the high and strong dykes can not keep the floods out
D.the weather is too rough
參考答案：B 分析：第一段中提到：Their main enemy is the sea. A large part of the country is below sea level. 他們主要的敵人就是海洋。國(guó)家大部分地區(qū)都在海平面以下。故答案為B.
17."Netherlands" means _____.
A.high land
B.land of water
C.low land
D.land of dykes
參考答案：C 分析：第一段中提到：...Netherland which means "low land"。由此可以得出結(jié)論，所以選C.
18.Holland is threatened not only by the sea, but also by _____.
A.the floods from broken dykes
B.the three rivers
C.the sea tides
參考答案：B 分析：第二段開頭提到：Three large rivers are also part of the problem. 三條大河也是一個(gè)問題。所以選B
D.many passages the three rivers have cut across the country
19.The Holland claim land from the sea in order to _____.
A.prevent floods
B.make their country larger
C.make their country more beautiful
D.have more farmland
參考答案：B 分析：第三段開頭提到：The battle against the water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and bigger county. 與洪水的斗爭(zhēng)一直沒有停，但這使荷蘭成為越來越大的國(guó)家。所以選B.
20.If pumps stop working there will be very floods because _____.
A.the water will run back at high tide
B.the sea may break the dykes in rough weather
C.the battle against water will never end
D.the land is too low and water can rise up through the drained land
參考答案：D 分析：第五段開頭提到：Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. 選項(xiàng)D正是這句話的改寫。
21.The word "polder" means ____.
A.a piece of newly-claimed land
B.a small island
C.a newly built dyke
D.a long canal
參考答案：A 分析：后一段提到：A piece of reclaimed land is called polder. 重新收回的土地叫開拓地。所以答案是A.
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