英語(yǔ)演講稿一：
Hiding power of a smile笑容的隱藏力量
When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero. I wanted to save the world and then make everyone happy. But I knew that I'd need superpowers to make my dreams come true. So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton, which was a lot of fun, but didn't get much result. When I grew up, and realized that science-fiction was not a good source for superpowers, I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science, to find a more useful truth.
我童年時(shí)，一直想成為一位超級(jí)英雄，我想拯救世界，讓每個(gè)人都快樂(lè)，但我知道需要超能力才能讓我的夢(mèng)想成真，所以我展開(kāi)這些想象之旅，到克利普頓星(超人的家鄉(xiāng))尋找星際間的天體。這很有趣，但沒(méi)什么成果。當(dāng)我長(zhǎng)大后，了解到科幻小說(shuō)不是超能力的好來(lái)源，我決定展開(kāi)一場(chǎng)真正的科學(xué)之旅，尋找更有用的真理。
I started my journey in California with a UC Berkley 30-year longitudinal study that examined the photos of students in an old yearbook and tried to measure their success and well-being throughout their life. By measuring their student smiles, researchers were able to predict how fulfilling and long-lasting a subject's marriage will be, how well she would score on standardized tests of well-being and how inspiring she would be to others. In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture. When I first saw his picture, I thought that these superpowers came from his super collar. But now I know it was all in his smile.
我的旅程開(kāi)始于加州，以柏克萊大學(xué)從事30年期的縱貫研究，研究一本舊年鑒中的學(xué)生照片，試著衡量他們一生的成就和幸福。藉由衡量學(xué)生的微笑，研究人員能夠預(yù)測(cè)研究對(duì)象的婚姻是否圓滿及長(zhǎng)久，他在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化幸福評(píng)量中能得到多少分，以及他能為別人帶來(lái)多少啟發(fā)。在另一本年鑒中，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了歐巴馬的照片，當(dāng)我第一次看到他的照片時(shí)，我認(rèn)為這些超能力來(lái)自于他的超大衣領(lǐng)，但現(xiàn)在我知道這全來(lái)自于他的笑容。
Another aha! moment came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards of Major League players. The researchers found that the span of a players smile could actually predict the span of his life. Players who didn't smile in their pictures lived an average of only 72.9 years, where players with beaming smiles lived an average of almost 80 years.
另一個(gè)啊哈!時(shí)刻，來(lái)自2010年Wayne州立大學(xué)的研究項(xiàng)目，觀察50年代前職棒大聯(lián)盟球員的棒球卡，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，球員微笑的寬度事實(shí)上可以預(yù)測(cè)他壽命的長(zhǎng)度，相片中沒(méi)有笑容的球員，平均壽命僅72.9歲，擁有燦爛笑容的球員，平均壽命將近80歲。
The good news is that we're actually born smiling. Using 3D ultrasound technology, we can now see that developing babies appear to smile, even in the womb. When they're born, babies continue to smile -- initially, mostly in their sleep. And even blind babies smile to the sound of the human voice. Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically-uniform expressions of all humans.
In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea, Paul Ekman, the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions, found that even members of the Fore tribe, who were completely disconnected from Western culture, and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals, attributed smiles to descriptions of situations the same way you and I would. So from Papau New Guinea to Hollywood all the way to modern art in Beijing, we smile often, and you smile to express joy and satisfaction.
在巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞進(jìn)行的研究中，Paul Ekman，世界上最知名的臉部表情研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是Fore部落中的成員，他們完全與西方文化隔絕，也因他們不尋常的吃人儀式而眾所皆知，他們就像你我一樣，也會(huì)在某些情況下微笑。因此，從巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞到好萊塢，一直到北京的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，我們經(jīng)常微笑著。你用微笑來(lái)表達(dá)喜悅和滿足。
How many people here in this room smile more than 20 times per day? Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow. Outside of this room, more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day, whereas less than 14 percent of us smile less than five. In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers are actually children who smile as many as 400 times per day.
在這房間里，有多少人每天微笑超過(guò)20次?如果有的話請(qǐng)舉起手。哦，哇!在這個(gè)房間外，超過(guò)三分之一的人每天微笑超過(guò)20次，不到14%的人每天微笑少于5次。事實(shí)上，擁有最驚人超能力的是孩童，他們每天微笑多達(dá)400次。
Have you ever wondered why being around children who smile so frequently makes you smile very often? A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden found that it's very difficult to frown when looking at someone who smiles. You ask, why? Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious, and it suppresses the control we usually have on our facial muscles. Mimicking a smile and experiencing it physically help us understand whether our smile is fake or real, so we can understand the emotional state of the smiler.
你有沒(méi)有想過(guò)，為什么身處在經(jīng)常微笑的孩子身邊，也會(huì)讓你經(jīng)常微笑?最近在瑞典Uppsala大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)看著正在微笑的人時(shí)是很難皺眉的。你會(huì)問(wèn)為什么?因?yàn)槲⑿哂醒莼系母腥拘?，它能抑制我們平時(shí)對(duì)臉部肌肉的控制，模仿一個(gè)微笑并實(shí)際體驗(yàn)它，幫助我們了解我們的微笑是假是真，因此我們可以了解微笑者的情緒狀態(tài)。
In a recent mimicking study at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France, subjects were asked to determine whether a smile was real or fake while holding a pencil in their mouth to repress smiling muscles. Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges, But with the pencil in their mouth, when they could not mimic the smile they saw, their judgment was impaired.
最近在法國(guó)Clermont-Ferrand大學(xué)的一次模仿研究中，要求測(cè)試對(duì)象在口中含住一支鉛筆抑制微笑肌肉時(shí)，判斷一個(gè)微笑是真是假。不含住鉛筆時(shí)測(cè)試對(duì)象有優(yōu)秀的判斷力，但當(dāng)他們口中含著鉛筆時(shí)，就無(wú)法模仿他們看到的笑容，他們的判斷力就會(huì)受損。
In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species", Charles Darwin also wrote the facial feedback response theory. His theory states that the act of smiling itself actually makes us feel better -- rather than smiling being merely a result of feeling good. In his study, Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne, who used electric jolts to facial muscles to induce and stimulate smiles. Please, don't try this at home.
除了在《物種起源》中闡述進(jìn)化論以外，達(dá)爾文還寫(xiě)了臉部回饋理論。他的理論闡述，微笑這個(gè)行為本身，事實(shí)上能讓我們感覺(jué)更好，而不僅是感覺(jué)不錯(cuò)的一個(gè)結(jié)果。在他的研究中，達(dá)爾文事實(shí)上引用了法國(guó)神經(jīng)學(xué)家Guillaume Duchenne的實(shí)驗(yàn)，他使用電刺激臉部肌肉，誘發(fā)及激起微笑產(chǎn)生。請(qǐng)不要在家里嘗試這個(gè)。
In a related German study, researchers used fMRI imaging to measure brain activity before and after injecting Botox to suppress smiling muscles. The finding supported Darwin's theory by showing that facial feedback modifies the neural processing of emotional content in the brain in a way that helps us feel better when we smile. Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism in a way that even chocolate -- a well-regarded pleasure inducer -- cannot match.
在德國(guó)一項(xiàng)相關(guān)研究中，研究人員使用功能性核磁共振造影(fMRI)，拍攝在注射肉毒桿菌抑制微笑肌肉前后，對(duì)大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行測(cè)量的照片，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)支持達(dá)爾文的理論，顯示當(dāng)我們微笑時(shí)，臉部回饋會(huì)改變大腦中情緒部份的神經(jīng)處理程序，在某種程度上幫助我們感覺(jué)更好。微笑刺激我們的大腦獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制，在某種程度上，甚至連巧克力，一個(gè)公認(rèn)的快樂(lè)誘導(dǎo)物，都無(wú)法比擬。
British researchers found that one smile can generate the same level of brain stimulation as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate. (Laughter) Wait. The same study found that smiling is as stimulating as receiving up to 16,000 pounds Sterling in cash. That's like 25 grand a smile. It's not bad. And think about it this way: 25,000 times 400 -- quite a few kids out there feel like mark Zuckerberg every day.
英國(guó)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)微笑可以使大腦產(chǎn)生與2000根巧克力棒相同程度的刺激。(笑聲)等等，同樣的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，微笑造成的刺激跟得到16000英鎊現(xiàn)金相同，一個(gè)微笑就像25000美金，還不錯(cuò)。再想想看，25000乘以400，世上不少孩子每天都有像Mark Zuckerberg的感覺(jué)(facebook創(chuàng)辦人)。
And, unlike lots of chocolate, lots of smiling can actually make you healthier. Smiling can help reduce the level of stress-enhancing hormones like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine, increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones like endorphin and reduce overall blood pressure.
而且，不像一大堆巧克力，大量微笑事實(shí)上可以讓你更健康。微笑可以幫助降低提升壓力荷爾蒙的含量，如皮質(zhì)醇、腎上腺素和多巴胺，增加提升情緒荷爾蒙的含量，如腦內(nèi)啡，并降低整體血壓。
And if that's not enough, smiling can actually look good in the eyes of others. A recent study at Penn State University found that when you smile you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous, but you actually appear to be more competent.
如果這還不夠，微笑事實(shí)上可以使你在他人眼中看起來(lái)更好。最近一項(xiàng)在賓州州立大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)你微笑時(shí)，你不僅顯得更可愛(ài)、更有禮貌，事實(shí)上你會(huì)顯得更能干。
So whenever you want to look great and competent, reduce your stress or improve your marriage, or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate -- without incurring the caloric cost -- or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages, or whenever you want to tap into a superpower that will help you and everyone around you live a longer, healthier, happier life, smile.
所以，當(dāng)你想看起來(lái)很棒、很能干、減少你的壓力，或改善你的婚姻，或想要感覺(jué)像是吃了一堆高質(zhì)量巧克力，而不需承受熱量的代價(jià)，或彷佛在一件多年沒(méi)穿的舊夾克口袋中發(fā)現(xiàn)二萬(wàn)五千元，或當(dāng)你想使用超能力幫助自己和周圍每個(gè)人活得更長(zhǎng)久、更健康、生活得更幸福，微笑吧!
英語(yǔ)演講稿二：
What fear can teach us恐懼可以教會(huì)我們什么
One day in 1819, 3,000 miles off the coast of Chile, in one of the most remote regions of the Pacific Ocean, 20 American sailors watched their ship flood with seawater.
1819年的某一天， 在距離智利海岸3000英里的地方， 有一個(gè)太平洋上的最偏遠(yuǎn)的水域， 20名美國(guó)船員目睹了他們的船只進(jìn)水的場(chǎng)面。
They'd been struck by a sperm whale, which had ripped a catastrophic hole in the ship's hull. As their ship began to sink beneath the swells, the men huddled together in three small whaleboats.
他們和一頭抹香鯨相撞，給船體撞了 一個(gè)毀滅性的大洞。 當(dāng)船在巨浪中開(kāi)始沉沒(méi)時(shí)， 人們?cè)谌龡l救生小艇中抱作一團(tuán)。
These men were 10,000 miles from home, more than 1,000 miles from the nearest scrap of land. In their small boats, they carried only rudimentary navigational equipment and limited supplies of food and water.
這些人在離家10000萬(wàn)英里的地方， 離最近的陸地也超過(guò)1000英里。 在他們的小艇中，他們只帶了 落后的導(dǎo)航設(shè)備 和有限的食物和飲水。
These were the men of the whaleship Essex, whose story would later inspire parts of "Moby Dick."
他們就是捕鯨船ESSEX上的人們， 后來(lái)的他們的故事成為《白鯨記》的一部分。
Even in today's world, their situation would be really dire, but think about how much worse it would have been then.
即使在當(dāng)今的世界，碰上這種情況也夠杯具的，更不用說(shuō)在當(dāng)時(shí)的情況有多糟糕。
No one on land had any idea that anything had gone wrong. No search party was coming to look for these men. So most of us have never experienced a situation as frightening as the one in which these sailors found themselves, but we all know what it's like to be afraid.
岸上的人根本就還沒(méi)意識(shí)到出了什么問(wèn)題。 沒(méi)有任何人來(lái)搜尋他們。 我們當(dāng)中大部分人沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò) 這些船員所處的可怕情景， 但我們都知道害怕是什么感覺(jué)。
We know how fear feels, but I'm not sure we spend enough time thinking about what our fears mean.
我們知道恐懼的感覺(jué)， 但是我不能肯定我們會(huì)花很多時(shí)間想過(guò) 我們的恐懼到底意味著什么。
As we grow up, we're often encouraged to think of fear as a weakness, just another childish thing to discard like baby teeth or roller skates.
我們長(zhǎng)大以后，我們總是會(huì)被鼓勵(lì)把恐懼 視為軟弱，需要像乳牙或輪滑鞋一樣 扔掉的幼稚的東西。
And I think it's no accident that we think this way. Neuroscientists have actually shown that human beings are hard-wired to be optimists.
我想意外事故并非我們所想的那樣。 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家已經(jīng)知道人類 生來(lái)就是樂(lè)觀主義者。
So maybe that's why we think of fear, sometimes, as a danger in and of itself. "Don't worry," we like to say to one another. "Don't panic." In English, fear is something we conquer. It's something we fight.
這也許就是為什么我們認(rèn)為有時(shí)候恐懼， 本身就是一種危險(xiǎn)或帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)。 “不要愁?！蔽覀兛偸菍?duì)別人說(shuō)?！安灰拧薄?英語(yǔ)中，恐懼是我們需要征服的東西。 是我們必須對(duì)抗的東西，是我們必須克服的東西。
It's something we overcome. But what if we looked at fear in a fresh way? What if we thought of fear as an amazing act of the imagination, something that can be as profound and insightful as storytelling itself?
但是我們?nèi)绻麚Q個(gè)視角看恐懼會(huì)如何呢? 如果我們把恐懼當(dāng)做是想象力的一個(gè)驚人成果， 是和我們講故事一樣 精妙而有見(jiàn)地的東西，又會(huì)如何呢?
It's easiest to see this link between fear and the imagination in young children, whose fears are often extraordinarily vivid.
在小孩子當(dāng)中，我們最容易看到恐懼與想象之間的聯(lián)系， 他們的恐懼經(jīng)常是超級(jí)生動(dòng)的。
When I was a child, I lived in California, which is, you know, mostly a very nice place to live, but for me as a child, California could also be a little scary.
我小時(shí)候住在加利福尼亞， 你們都知道，是非常適合居住的位置， 但是對(duì)一個(gè)小孩來(lái)說(shuō)，加利福尼亞也會(huì)有點(diǎn)嚇人。
I remember how frightening it was to see the chandelier that hung above our dining table swing back and forth during every minor earthquake, and I sometimes couldn't sleep at night, terrified that the Big One might strike while we were sleeping.
我記得每次小地震的時(shí)候 當(dāng)我看到我們餐桌上的吊燈 晃來(lái)晃去的時(shí)候是多么的嚇人， 我經(jīng)常會(huì)徹夜難眠，擔(dān)心大地震 會(huì)在我們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候突然襲來(lái)。
And what we say about kids who have fears like that is that they have a vivid imagination. But at a certain point, most of us learn to leave these kinds of visions behind and grow up.
我們說(shuō)小孩子感受到這種恐懼 是因?yàn)樗麄冇猩鷦?dòng)的想象力。 但是在某個(gè)時(shí)候，我們大多數(shù)學(xué)會(huì)了 拋棄這種想法而變得成熟。
We learn that there are no monsters hiding under the bed, and not every earthquake brings buildings down. But maybe it's no coincidence that some of our most creative minds fail to leave these kinds of fears behind as adults.
我們都知道床下沒(méi)有魔鬼， 也不是每個(gè)地震都會(huì)震垮房子。但是我們當(dāng)中最有想象力的人們 并沒(méi)有因?yàn)槌赡甓鴴仐夁@種恐懼，這也許并不是巧合。
The same incredible imaginations that produced "The Origin of Species," "Jane Eyre" and "The Remembrance of Things Past," also generated intense worries that haunted the adult lives of Charles Darwin, Charlotte BrontĂŤ and Marcel Proust. So the question is, what can the rest of us learn about fear from visionaries and young children?
同樣不可思議的想象力創(chuàng)造了《物種起源》， 《簡(jiǎn)·愛(ài)》和《追憶似水年華》， 也就是這種與生俱來(lái)的深深的擔(dān)憂一直纏繞著成年的 查爾斯·達(dá)爾文， 夏洛特·勃朗特和馬塞爾·普羅斯特。 問(wèn)題就來(lái)了， 我們其他人如何能從這些 夢(mèng)想家和小孩子身上學(xué)會(huì)恐懼?
Well let's return to the year 1819 for a moment, to the situation facing the crew of the whaleship Essex. Let's take a look at the fears that their imaginations were generating as they drifted in the middle of the Pacific.
讓我們暫時(shí)回到1819年， 回到ESSEX捕鯨船的水手們面對(duì)的情況。 讓我們看看他們漂流在太平洋中央時(shí) 他們的想象力給他們帶來(lái)的恐懼感覺(jué)。
Twenty-four hours had now passed since the capsizing of the ship. The time had come for the men to make a plan, but they had very few options.
船傾覆后已經(jīng)過(guò)了24個(gè)小時(shí)。 這時(shí)人們制定了一個(gè)計(jì)劃， 但是其實(shí)他們沒(méi)什么太多的選擇。
In his fascinating account of the disaster, Nathaniel Philbrick wrote that these men were just about as far from land as it was possible to be anywhere on Earth.
在納撒尼爾·菲爾布里克(Nathaniel Philbrick)描述這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難的 動(dòng)人文章中，他寫(xiě)到“這些人離陸地如此之遠(yuǎn)， 似乎永遠(yuǎn)都不可能到達(dá)地球上的任何一塊陸地?！? The men knew that the nearest islands they could reach were the Marquesas Islands, 1,200 miles away. But they'd heard some frightening rumors.
這些人知道離他們最近的島 是1200英里以外的馬克薩斯群島(Marquesas Islands)。 但是他們聽(tīng)到了讓人恐怖的謠言。
They'd been told that these islands, and several others nearby, were populated by cannibals. So the men pictured coming ashore only to be murdered and eaten for dinner. Another possible destination was Hawaii, but given the season, the captain was afraid they'd be struck by severe storms.
他們聽(tīng)說(shuō)這些群島， 以及附近的一些島嶼上都住著食人族。 所以他們腦中都是上岸以后就會(huì)被殺掉 被人當(dāng)做盤(pán)中餐的畫(huà)面。 另一個(gè)可行的目的地是夏威夷， 但是船長(zhǎng)擔(dān)心 他們會(huì)被困在風(fēng)暴當(dāng)中。
Now the last option was the longest, and the most difficult: to sail 1,500 miles due south in hopes of reaching a certain band of winds that could eventually push them toward the coast of South America.
所以最后的選擇是到最遠(yuǎn)，也是最艱險(xiǎn)的地方： 往南走1500英里希望某股風(fēng) 能最終把他們 吹到南美洲的海岸。
But they knew that the sheer length of this journey would stretch their supplies of food and water. To be eaten by cannibals, to be battered by storms, to starve to death before reaching land.
但是他們知道這個(gè)行程中一旦偏航 將會(huì)耗盡他們食物和飲水的供給。 被食人族吃掉，被風(fēng)暴掀翻， 在登陸前餓死。
These were the fears that danced in the imaginations of these poor men, and as it turned out, the fear they chose to listen to would govern whether they lived or died.
這就是縈繞在這群可憐的人想象中的恐懼， 事實(shí)證明，他們選擇聽(tīng)從的恐懼 將決定他們的生死。
Now we might just as easily call these fears by a different name. What if instead of calling them fears, we called them stories?
也許我們可以很容易的用別的名稱來(lái)稱呼這些恐懼。 我們不稱之為恐懼， 而是稱它們?yōu)楣适氯绾?
Because that's really what fear is, if you think about it. It's a kind of unintentional storytelling that we are all born knowing how to do. And fears and storytelling have the same components.
如果你仔細(xì)想想，這是恐懼真正的意義。 這是一種與生俱來(lái)的， 無(wú)意識(shí)的講故事的能力。 恐懼和講故事有著同樣的構(gòu)成。
They have the same architecture. Like all stories, fears have characters. In our fears, the characters are us. Fears also have plots. They have beginnings and middles and ends. You board the plane.
他們有同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。 如同所有的故事，恐懼中有角色。 在恐懼中，角色就是我們自己。 恐懼也有情節(jié)。他們有開(kāi)頭，有中間，有結(jié)尾。 你登上飛機(jī)。
The plane takes off. The engine fails. Our fears also tend to contain imagery that can be every bit as vivid as what you might find in the pages of a novel. Picture a cannibal, human teeth sinking into human skin, human flesh roasting over a fire.
飛機(jī)起飛。結(jié)果引擎故障。 我們的恐懼會(huì)包括各種生動(dòng)的想象， 不比你看到的任何一個(gè)小說(shuō)遜色。 想象食人族，人類牙齒 咬在人類皮膚上， 人肉在火上烤。
Fears also have suspense. If I've done my job as a storyteller today, you should be wondering what happened to the men of the whaleship Essex. Our fears provoke in us a very similar form of suspense.
恐懼中也有懸念。 如果我今天像講故事一樣，留個(gè)懸念不說(shuō)了， 你們也許會(huì)很想知道 ESSEX捕鯨船上，人們到底怎么樣了。 我們的恐懼用懸念一樣的方式刺激我們。
Just like all great stories, our fears focus our attention on a question that is as important in life as it is in literature: What will happen next?
就像一個(gè)很好的故事，我們的恐懼也如同一部好的文學(xué)作品一樣， 將我們的注意力集中在對(duì)我們生命至關(guān)重要的問(wèn)題上： 后來(lái)發(fā)生了什么?
In other words, our fears make us think about the future. And humans, by the way, are the only creatures capable of thinking about the future in this way, of projecting ourselves forward in time, and this mental time travel is just one more thing that fears have in common with storytelling.
換而言之，我們的恐懼讓我們想到未來(lái)。 另外，人來(lái)是有能力 通過(guò)這種方式想到未來(lái)的生物， 就是預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)間推移后我們的狀況， 這種精神上的時(shí)間旅行是恐懼 與講故事的另一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)。
As a writer, I can tell you that a big part of writing fiction is learning to predict how one event in a story will affect all the other events, and fear works in that same way.
我是一個(gè)作家，我要告訴你們寫(xiě)小說(shuō)一個(gè)很重要的部分 就是學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)故事中一件 事情如何影響另一件事情， 恐懼也是同樣這么做的。
In fear, just like in fiction, one thing always leads to another. When I was writing my first novel, "The Age Of Miracles," I spent months trying to figure out what would happen if the rotation of the Earth suddenly began to slow down. What would happen to our days?
恐懼中，如同小說(shuō)一樣，一件事情總是導(dǎo)致另一件事情。 我寫(xiě)我的第一部小說(shuō)《奇跡時(shí)代》的時(shí)候， 我花了數(shù)月的時(shí)間想象如果地球旋轉(zhuǎn)突然變慢了之后 會(huì)發(fā)生什么。 我們的一天變得如何?
What would happen to our crops? What would happen to our minds? And then it was only later that I realized how very similar these questions were to the ones I used to ask myself as a child frightened in the night.
我們身體會(huì)怎樣? 我們的思想會(huì)有什么變化? 也就是在那之后，我意識(shí)到 我過(guò)去總是問(wèn)自己的那些些問(wèn)題 和孩子們?cè)谝估锖ε率嵌嗝吹南嘞瘛? If an earthquake strikes tonight, I used to worry, what will happen to our house? What will happen to my family? And the answer to those questions always took the form of a story.
要是在過(guò)去，如果今晚發(fā)生地震，我會(huì)很擔(dān)心， 我的房子會(huì)怎么樣啊?家里人會(huì)怎樣啊? 這類問(wèn)題的答案通常都會(huì)和故事一樣。
So if we think of our fears as more than just fears but as stories, we should think of ourselves as the authors of those stories. But just as importantly, we need to think of ourselves as the readers of our fears, and how we choose to read our fears can have a profound effect on our lives.
所以我們認(rèn)為我們的恐懼不僅僅是恐懼 還是故事，我們應(yīng)該把自己當(dāng)作 這些故事的作者。 但是同樣重要的是，我們需要想象我們自己 是我們恐懼的解讀者，我們選擇如何 去解讀這些恐懼會(huì)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
Now, some of us naturally read our fears more closely than others. I read about a study recently of successful entrepreneurs, and the author found that these people shared a habit that he called "productive paranoia," which meant that these people, instead of dismissing their fears, these people read them closely, they studied them, and then they translated that fear into preparation and action.
現(xiàn)在，我們中有些人比其他人更自然的解讀自己的恐懼。 最近我看過(guò)一個(gè)關(guān)于成功的企業(yè)家的研究， 作者發(fā)現(xiàn)這些人都有個(gè)習(xí)慣 叫做“未雨綢繆“， 意思是，這些人，不回避自己的恐懼， 而是認(rèn)真解讀并研究恐懼， 然后把恐懼轉(zhuǎn)換成準(zhǔn)備和行動(dòng)。
So that way, if their worst fears came true, their businesses were ready.
這樣，如果最壞的事情發(fā)生了， 他們的企業(yè)也有所準(zhǔn)備。
And sometimes, of course, our worst fears do come true. That's one of the things that is so extraordinary about fear. Once in a while, our fears can predict the future.
當(dāng)然，很多時(shí)候，最壞的事情確實(shí)發(fā)生了。 這是恐懼非凡的一面。 曾幾何時(shí)，我們的恐懼預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)。
But we can't possibly prepare for all of the fears that our imaginations concoct. So how can we tell the difference between the fears worth listening to and all the others? I think the end of the story of the whaleship Essex offers an illuminating, if tragic, example.
但是我們不可能為我們想象力構(gòu)建的所有 恐懼來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。 所以，如何區(qū)分值得聽(tīng)從的恐懼 和不值得的呢? 我想捕鯨船ESSEX的故事結(jié)局 提供了一個(gè)有啟發(fā)性，同時(shí)又悲慘的例子。
After much deliberation, the men finally made a decision. Terrified of cannibals, they decided to forgo the closest islands and instead embarked on the longer and much more difficult route to South America.
經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)次權(quán)衡，他們最終做出了決定。 由于害怕食人族，他們決定放棄最近的群島 而是開(kāi)始更長(zhǎng) 更艱難的南美洲之旅。
After more than two months at sea, the men ran out of food as they knew they might, and they were still quite far from land. When the last of the survivors were finally picked up by two passing ships, less than half of the men were left alive, and some of them had resorted to their own form of cannibalism.
在海上呆了兩個(gè)多月后，他們 的食物如預(yù)料之中消耗殆盡， 而且他們?nèi)匀浑x陸地那么遠(yuǎn)。 當(dāng)最后的幸存者最終被過(guò)往船只救起時(shí)， 只有一小半的人還活著， 實(shí)際上他們中的一些人自己變成了食人族。
Herman Melville, who used this story as research for "Moby Dick," wrote years later, and from dry land, quote, "All the sufferings of these miserable men of the Essex might in all human probability have been avoided had they, immediately after leaving the wreck, steered straight for Tahiti.
赫爾曼·梅爾維爾(Herman Melville)將這個(gè)故事作為 《白鯨記》的素材，在數(shù)年后寫(xiě)到： ESSEX船上遇難者的悲慘結(jié)局 或許是可以通過(guò)人為的努力避免的， 如果他們當(dāng)機(jī)立斷地離開(kāi)沉船， 直奔塔西提群島。
But," as Melville put it, "they dreaded cannibal