課文詳注 Further notes on the text
1．is surrounded by，由……環(huán)繞著。
2．hundreds of people，數(shù)以百計(jì)的（游）人。
3．Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy．游客已被告知要保持樹林的整潔。
句中 have been asked是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。（詳見本課語法部分。）to keep the woods clean and tidy是動(dòng)詞不定式短語，作主語visitors的補(bǔ)足語。clean and tidy 是賓語 the woods 的賓語補(bǔ)足語。
4．go for a walk，去散步。
5．What I saw made me very sad．我所見到的一切使我非常難過。
句中的主語What I saw 是 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
語法 Grammar in use
被動(dòng)語態(tài)（2）
上介紹了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)形式，這里介紹其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)形式：
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式： has/have + been + 過去分詞：
The basket has already been emptied.
籃子已經(jīng)被騰空了。
They have already been invited.
他們已被邀請(qǐng)。
（2）一般將來時(shí)形式： will/shall +be +過去分詞：
The floor will be swept soon.
地不久就會(huì)掃的。
The knives will be sharpened soon.
刀不久就會(huì)磨的。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．place v.
（1）（小心地）放；放置：
He placed the record back to the shelf.
他把唱片放回到架子上。
Their request placed me in a difficult position.
他們的要求將我置于困境。
（2）任命；安置：
The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.
公司任命他在東京的一家分支機(jī)構(gòu)工作。
There is no better way to place the homeless children.
沒有更好的辦法來安置這些無家可歸的孩子們。
2．prosecute v.
（1）起訴，檢舉；依法處置：
Trespassers will be prosecuted.
閑人莫入，違者法辦。
They prosecuted him for shoplifting.
他們起訴他扒竊商店貨物。
（2）〈書面語〉徹底進(jìn)行；執(zhí)行：
We are going to prosecute the investigation further.
我們將進(jìn)一步徹底進(jìn)行調(diào)查。
3．surround v.
包圍；圍繞：
The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.
那所漂亮的白房子被綠樹環(huán)繞著。
That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.
那位老教授非常喜歡年輕人圍在他左右。
When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的周圍到處都是盒子。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 144
A
1 The writer lives in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
2 Because it is a famous beauty spot.
3 Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.
4 Litter baskets have been placed under the trees.
5 The writer went for a walk in the woods.
6 Yes, he saw a lot of rubbish.
7 He saw a sign among the rubbish.
8 The sign said, ‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted.
B
1 Someone has aired it. It has already been aired.
2 Someone has cleaned them. They have already been cleaned.
3 Someone has emptied it. It has already been emptied.
4 Someone has sharpened it. It has already been sharpened.
5 Someone has turned them on. They have already been turned on.
6 Someone has bought them. They have already been bought.
7 Someone has swept it. It has already been swept.
8 Someone has taken them to school. They have already been taken to school.
9 Someone has invited them. They have already been invited.
10 Someone has told them. They have already been told.
C
1 It hasn't been aired yeet. It will be aired tomorrow.
2 They haven't been cleaned yet. They will be cleaned tomorrow.
3 It hasn't been emptied yet. It will be emptied tomorrow.
4 It hasn't been sharpened yet. It will be sharpened tomorrow.
5 They haven't been turned on yet. They will be turned on tomorrow.
6 They haven't been watered yet. They will be watered tomorrow.
7 It hasn't been repaired yet. It will be repaired tomorrow.
8 It hasn't been dusted yet. It will be dusted tomorrow.
9 They haven't been corrected yet. They will be corrected tomorrow.
10 It hasn't been shut yet. It will be shut tomorrow.
1．is surrounded by，由……環(huán)繞著。
2．hundreds of people，數(shù)以百計(jì)的（游）人。
3．Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy．游客已被告知要保持樹林的整潔。
句中 have been asked是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。（詳見本課語法部分。）to keep the woods clean and tidy是動(dòng)詞不定式短語，作主語visitors的補(bǔ)足語。clean and tidy 是賓語 the woods 的賓語補(bǔ)足語。
4．go for a walk，去散步。
5．What I saw made me very sad．我所見到的一切使我非常難過。
句中的主語What I saw 是 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
語法 Grammar in use
被動(dòng)語態(tài)（2）
上介紹了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)形式，這里介紹其現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)形式：
（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式： has/have + been + 過去分詞：
The basket has already been emptied.
籃子已經(jīng)被騰空了。
They have already been invited.
他們已被邀請(qǐng)。
（2）一般將來時(shí)形式： will/shall +be +過去分詞：
The floor will be swept soon.
地不久就會(huì)掃的。
The knives will be sharpened soon.
刀不久就會(huì)磨的。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．place v.
（1）（小心地）放；放置：
He placed the record back to the shelf.
他把唱片放回到架子上。
Their request placed me in a difficult position.
他們的要求將我置于困境。
（2）任命；安置：
The company has placed him with a branch office in Tokyo.
公司任命他在東京的一家分支機(jī)構(gòu)工作。
There is no better way to place the homeless children.
沒有更好的辦法來安置這些無家可歸的孩子們。
2．prosecute v.
（1）起訴，檢舉；依法處置：
Trespassers will be prosecuted.
閑人莫入，違者法辦。
They prosecuted him for shoplifting.
他們起訴他扒竊商店貨物。
（2）〈書面語〉徹底進(jìn)行；執(zhí)行：
We are going to prosecute the investigation further.
我們將進(jìn)一步徹底進(jìn)行調(diào)查。
3．surround v.
包圍；圍繞：
The beautiful white house is surrounded by green trees.
那所漂亮的白房子被綠樹環(huán)繞著。
That old professor loved to surround himself with young people.
那位老教授非常喜歡年輕人圍在他左右。
When I went into the room, I saw Tim sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes.
當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，我看到蒂姆正坐在地板上，他的周圍到處都是盒子。
練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises
Lesson 144
A
1 The writer lives in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
2 Because it is a famous beauty spot.
3 Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.
4 Litter baskets have been placed under the trees.
5 The writer went for a walk in the woods.
6 Yes, he saw a lot of rubbish.
7 He saw a sign among the rubbish.
8 The sign said, ‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted.
B
1 Someone has aired it. It has already been aired.
2 Someone has cleaned them. They have already been cleaned.
3 Someone has emptied it. It has already been emptied.
4 Someone has sharpened it. It has already been sharpened.
5 Someone has turned them on. They have already been turned on.
6 Someone has bought them. They have already been bought.
7 Someone has swept it. It has already been swept.
8 Someone has taken them to school. They have already been taken to school.
9 Someone has invited them. They have already been invited.
10 Someone has told them. They have already been told.
C
1 It hasn't been aired yeet. It will be aired tomorrow.
2 They haven't been cleaned yet. They will be cleaned tomorrow.
3 It hasn't been emptied yet. It will be emptied tomorrow.
4 It hasn't been sharpened yet. It will be sharpened tomorrow.
5 They haven't been turned on yet. They will be turned on tomorrow.
6 They haven't been watered yet. They will be watered tomorrow.
7 It hasn't been repaired yet. It will be repaired tomorrow.
8 It hasn't been dusted yet. It will be dusted tomorrow.
9 They haven't been corrected yet. They will be corrected tomorrow.
10 It hasn't been shut yet. It will be shut tomorrow.