2017考研英語閱讀理解試題及解析(15)

    　To paraphrase18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is neededfor the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing。”O(jiān)ne suchcause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animalshave rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respondforcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the publicand thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of theanimal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on publicfunding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearingallegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed thatanyone would deliberately harm an animal。
    For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights boothat a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers notto use anything that comes from or is animals—no meat , no fur, nomedicines, Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccinescome from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I wouldhave to say yes?！?Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “ Don’t worry,scientists will find some way of using computers?！?Such well-meaningpeople just don't understand。
    Scientists must communicate their message to the public in acompassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need tomake clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hipreplacement, a father's bypass operation, a baby's vaccinations, and even apet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed toproduce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animalresearch seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst。
    Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middleschool classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respondto letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged andacquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be openedto tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, becausethe ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community shouldactively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as StephenCooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is areal possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the preciousembers of medical progress。
    26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to
    [A] call on scientists to take some actions。
    [B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights。
    [C] warn of the doom of biomedical research。
    [D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement。
    27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
    [A] cruel but natural。
    [B] inhuman and unacceptable。
    [C] inevitable but vicious。
    [D] pointless and wasteful。
    28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show thepublic’s
    [A] discontent with animal research。
    [B] ignorance about medical science。
    [C] indifference to epidemics。
    [D] anxiety about animal rights。
    29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animalrights advocates, scientists should
    [A] communicate more with the public。
    [B] employ hi-tech means in research。
    [C] feel no shame for their cause。
    [D] strive to develop new cures。
    30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is
    [A] a well-known humanist。
    [B] a medical practitioner。
    [C] an enthusiast in animal rights。
    [D] a supporter of animal research。 解析
    26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to
    作者在開篇引用EdmundBurke的話是為了
    [A] call on scientists to take some actions. 呼吁科學(xué)家采取行動。
    [B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights. 批評被誤導(dǎo)的動物權(quán)利事業(yè)。
    [C] warn of the doom of biomedical research. 警告生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的厄運。
    [D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement. 展示動物權(quán)利運動的勝利。
    【答案】 A
    【考點】 作者意圖題。
    【分析】 從第一段我們可以看到EdmundBurke所說的話的意思就是“一個被誤導(dǎo)的事業(yè)如果要成功，它需要的是好人無所作為”。然后作者緊接著寫道“現(xiàn)在就有這樣的一個事業(yè)：動物權(quán)利保護，他們試圖阻止生物醫(yī)學(xué)使用動物”。隨后出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵句“科學(xué)家們需要采取行動回應(yīng)這些鼓吹者”。這實際上就是一個呼吁，所以答案應(yīng)該是[A]。
    27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is
    被誤導(dǎo)的人通常會認為使用動物進行研究是
    [A] cruel but natural. 殘忍但是很普通的。
    [B] inhuman and unacceptable. 不人道而且難以接受的。
    [C] inevitable but vicious. 不可避免但是邪惡的。
    [D] pointless and wasteful. 無意義而且是浪費的。
    【答案】 B
    【考點】 推斷題。
    【分析】 特征詞匯“tend tothink”很明確告訴我們出題人想考查考生能否推斷出受誤導(dǎo)的人們是怎樣看待用動物做試驗的。因為文中并沒有直接給出答案，這樣的題目的解題關(guān)鍵是尋找和題干有關(guān)的信息，然后通過推理連接起來這些可能是分散的信息。本題題干中的一個關(guān)鍵詞組是“misled people”，首先需要定位，看看“misled people”都有什么看法，然后再做判斷。第一段后一句說“當人們聽到醫(yī)學(xué)實驗殘忍對待動物的指控時，許多人都不明白為什么有人會故意傷害動物”。第二段是一個具體的被誤導(dǎo)的祖母般的女士的例子，但是文中只是說她反對用動物來做研究。第三段后一句非常關(guān)鍵：“對于他們來說，動物實驗說得好是浪費，說得不好是殘忍”。從以上的分析可以看出，受到誤導(dǎo)的人們認為用動物做研究是殘酷的、不可思議的。四個選項中，[B]符合原文。[A]中雖然提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不對，因為被誤導(dǎo)的人們不可能認為那是普通的事情。[C]說的是“不可避免的，但是邪惡的”，也不正確，因為文章中沒有提到不可避免這個說法。[D]項說的是“毫無意義，浪費的”，文中沒有提到毫無意義這個意思。
    28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show thepublic’s
    老太太的例子被用來說明公眾
    [A] discontent with animal research. 對動物研究的不滿。
    [B] ignorance about medical science. 對醫(yī)學(xué)的無知。
    [C] indifference to epidemics. 對流行病的冷漠。
    [D] anxiety about animal rights. 對動物權(quán)益的憂慮。
    【答案】 B
    【考點】 作者意圖題。
    【分析】 這個例子說的是一位老太太向大家散發(fā)傳單，號召大家不要用任何來自于動物或在動物身上試驗過的東西。當問及是否反對使用疫苗時，老太大說，若疫苗也來源于動物，那么就不應(yīng)使用疫苗，流行病自有科學(xué)家們用計算機來解決?？梢娎咸珜茖W(xué)的無知。而她的這種無知是很普遍的。作者在第二段后一句話感嘆“這些好心人壓根兒就不明白”，所以答案為[B]。[A]說的是公眾對動物試驗的不滿。但是，老太太的例子不僅僅是為了說明這一點。這個論據(jù)反映的是什么論點呢?從全文來看，作者的目的不是為了寫公眾有多憤怒，而在于指出公眾不滿的根源——對醫(yī)學(xué)研究不了解，然后呼喚科學(xué)家們針對這個根源采取行動。所以老太太的例子反映的是公眾的無知。
    29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animalrights advocates, scientists should作者認為，科學(xué)家在面臨動物權(quán)利保護鼓吹者的挑戰(zhàn)時，應(yīng)該
    [A] communicate more with the public. 更多地與公眾交流。
    [B] employ hi-tech means in research. 在研究中采用高科技手段。
    [C] feel no shame for their cause. 對自己的事業(yè)不感到羞恥。
    [D] strive to develop new cures. 努力開發(fā)新的治療方法。
    【答案】 A
    【考點】 作者態(tài)度題。
    【分析】 在解答這類題目的時候，考生應(yīng)該按照題干關(guān)鍵詞去尋找答案線索可能的所在地。本題關(guān)鍵詞“challenge from animal rights advocates”，以及“scientistsshould”，解題線索可在后兩段中找出。作者向科學(xué)家們提出的建議都是有助于他們與公眾更好的交流。答案很明顯，是[A]。選項[B]、[C]、[D]貌似合理，其實文中都沒有提到。
    30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is
    從本文中我們得知StephenCooper是一位
    [A] a well-known humanist. 的人道主義者。
    [B] a medical practitioner. 醫(yī)療從業(yè)人員。
    [C] an enthusiast in animal rights. 動物權(quán)力的狂熱者。
    [D] a supporter of animal research. 動物研究的支持者。
    【答案】 D
    【考點】 推斷題。
    【分析】 首先根據(jù)“StephenCooper”定位到后一段，我們可以找到線索“Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients... StephenCooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research.。.”。從這句話中，我們知道“Cooper”是個名人，也是病患者，他曾經(jīng)高度贊揚過動物研究的價值。所以，我們可以推斷出他是支持動物研究的。正確答案是選項[D]。